DEBRECENI EGYETEM

MŰSZAKI KAR
GÉPÉSZMÉRNÖKI TANSZÉK

Technical drawing
Dr. Czégé Levente
Czege.levente@eng.unideb.hu; 307. szoba
Types of engineering drawings
Machine Drawing
• It is pertaining to machine parts
or components. It is presented
through a number of
orthographic views, so that the
size and shape of the component
is fully understood. Part drawings
and assembly drawings belong to
this classification.

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Types of engineering drawings
Production Drawing
• A production drawing should furnish all the dimensions, limits and
special finishing processes such as heat treatment, honing, lapping,
surface finish, etc., to guide the craftsman on the shop floor in
producing the component. The title should also mention the material
used for the product, number of parts required for the assembled
unit, etc.
• Since a craftsman will ordinarily make one component at a time, it is
advisable to prepare the production drawing of each component on a
separate sheet.

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Types of engineering drawings
Assembly Drawing
• A drawing that shows the various
parts of a machine in their correct
working locations is an assembly
drawing.

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Types of engineering drawings
• We got a realistic drawing if the part is projected onto the plane of
the paper according to conventional projection rules.
• By simplified drawing, instead of the accurate representation of the
details, we use simplified representation (gears, spring, etc.). The
drawing is not realistic, but made according to the projection rules.
• Symbolical representation means, when elements, parts, groupt of
parts are substituted by symbols on the drawing.

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 Egyszerűsített ábrázolás

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Types of views
• View is a projection of a part, which shows the contour, edges and
other details of the part.
• section is used to show the detail of a component, or an assembly, on
a particular plane which is known as the cutting plane.
• removed section only indicates the true shape of the part at the point
where the section has been taken

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A géprajzi vetületek fajtái
View:

Section:

Szelvény:

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Projection
• The act of obtaining the image of an object is termed “projection”.
• The image obtained by projection is known as a “view”.
• A plane of projection is an imaginary flat plane upon which the image
created by the line of sight is projected.

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Projection
• In parallel projection, all lines of sight are parallel. The observer is
assumed to be stationed at infinite distance from the object.

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Projection
• The principal views are the six mutually perpendicular views that are
produced by six mutually perpendicular planes of projection

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Projection
• Depending on the relation between object and the projection plane:
• First Angle Projection: the object is assumed to be positioned in between the projection
planes and the observer. Note that the right hand side view is projected on the plane placed
at the left of the object.
• Third Angle Projection: the object is behind vertical plane and below the horizontal plane.
Placing the object in the third quadrant puts the projection planes between the viewer and
the object.

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 First Angle Projection

Third Angle Projection

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Projection
Symbol of projection
• The type of projection obtained should be indicated symbolically. The symbol is to
draw the two sides of a frustum of a cone placed with its axis horizontal The left
view is drawn.

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First Angle Projection

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First Angle Projection

Bottom view

Right side view Front view Left side view Rear view

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Tecnical view
drawing 18
Position of views
• Many parts do not have a definite ‘front’, ‘top’ or ‘side’ and the orientation is
decided by the draughtsman, who selects views to give the maximum visual
information.
• The main view should be the front view (in the position of application) or the
longitudinal section of the part.
• The machine drawing should contain the minimal number of views, necessary to
unabigously show the shape and the dimensions of the part.

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Position of views
• If a view couldn’t be placed on its normal position, the line of sight should be
indicated by a thin line and arrow. The view must be identified by a capital letter.

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Position of views
• If a surface of a part is not paralell to the projection planes, this surface could be
projected onto an auxiliary plane, which is paralell with it.
• This auxiliary view should be placed according to the line of projection, and must
be indicated by a thin line and arrow. The view must be identified by a capital
letter as well.

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Position of views
• Sometimes the auxiliary view can’t be placed onto its normal place
(according to the line of projection).

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Position of views
• Simplified draughting conventions have been devised to reduce the time spent drawing and
detailing symmetrical components and repeated parts. If a part is symmetrical about the
horizontal centre line, it is sufficiently clear for the part to be manufacture, to draw the line of
symmetry and half of the part.
• If both halves are similar except for a small detail, then the half which contains the exception is
shown with an explanatory note to that effect.
• If a part is symmetrical about two axes of symmetry, both axes are shown, and a quarter view of
the joint-ring is sufficient for the part to be made.

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Position of views
When dimensioning
add drawing note ‘slot
on one side only’.

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Position of views
• Where detail is very small or insufficient space exists for dimensions
or notes then a partial view may be drawn with an increased size
scale.
• A partial view could be M1:1 as well. The brake is indicated by a thin
line.

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