Lecture # 8

ENGINEERING DRAWING
& GRAPHICS

(Sectional Views)
Course code: 115206

Instructor

Dr. Bilal Ahmad

Institute of
Space Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering
Sectional views

Sectional views are used in technical drawing to expose

internal surfaces. They serve to present additional
orthographic views of surfaces that appear as hidden lines
in the standard front, top, and side orthographic views.
Sectional views
Sectional views
Purpose:
Cutting plane:
Cutting plane lines

Cutting plane lines are used to define the location for the
sectional view’s cutting plane. An object is “cut” along a
cutting plane line.
Cutting plane lines
Cutting plane lines
Cutting plane lines
Class activity
Hatch lines

Hatch lines are drawn on the surfaces that represent where the
cutting plane passed through solid material. Also shown are the
front and rightside orthographic views and a sectional view.
Section lines
Section lines are used to define areas that represent where solid
material has been cut in a sectional view. Section lines are evenly
spaced at any inclined angle that is not parallel to any existing
edge line and should be visually distinct from the continuous lines
that define the boundary of the sectional view

If two or more parts are included within the same sectional view,
each part must have visually different section lines.
Sectional view location

Sectional views should be located on a drawing behind the

arrows. The arrows represent the viewing direction for the
sectional view
Holes in sections

As with orthographic views, a conical point must be included on

holes that do not completely penetrate the object.
Offset sections

Cutting plane lines need not be drawn as straight lines across the
surface of an object. They may be stepped so more features can
be included in the sectional view.
Multiple sections

More than one sectional view may be taken off the same
orthographic view.
Aligned sections

Cutting plane lines taken at angles on circular shapes may be

aligned.

Aligning the sectional views prevents the foreshortening that

would result if the view were projected from the original cutting
plane line location. A foreshortened view would not present an
accurate picture of the object’s surfaces.
Drawing conventions in sections
Slots and small holes that penetrate cylindrical surfaces may be
drawn as straight lines, as shown below. Larger holes, that is,
holes whose diameters are greater than the radii of their
cylinders, should be drawn showing an elliptical curvature.
Half, partial and broken out
sectional views
Half and partial sectional views allow a designer to show an
object using an orthographic view and a sectional view within one
view.
Removed sectional views
Removed sectional views are used to show how an object’s shape
changes over its length. Removed sectional views are most often
used with long objects whose shape changes continuously over its
length.
Breaks
It is often convenient to break long continuous shapes so that
they take up less drawing space. There are two drawing
conventions used to show breaks: freehand lines used for
rectangular shapes, and S-breaks used for cylindrical shapes.
Sectional views of casting
Cast objects are usually designed to include a feature called a rib.
Ribs add strength and rigidity to an object. Sectional views of ribs
do not include complete section lines because this is considered
misleading to the reader.
 Any Questions?

Institute of
Department of
Space Technology Mechanical Engineering