Animal Nutrition and

Digestion

Animal Digestive Tracts:

Four Stages of Food Processing

Types of Digestion

• Mechanical Digestion QuickTime™ and a

(Uncompressed) decompressor
e needed to see this picture.

• Chemical Digestion
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.

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Animal Digestive Tracts:
Incomplete vs. Complete

Incomplete Digestive Tract

Gastrovascular Cavity

Complete Digestive Tract:

Alimentary Canal

2
 Animal Digestive Tracts:
Continuous vs. Discontinuous

Human
Digestive
System

Digestive
System

• Oral
Cavity

3
 Swallowing

Peristalsis

Stomach

Pepsin digests proteins in the low pH of the stomach

4
 Digestive Organs and Accessory
Glands

Enzymatic/Chemical Digestion in the

Small Intestine

Absorption of Nutrients in the Small

Intestine

5
Large
Intestine

Digestive
System
Review

Nutrition Overview

• Food as Fuel
• Calorie = energy needed to raise the
temperature of 1g of water by 1 degree C
• Kilocalorie (kcal) = 1000 calories
• How many calories do you need?
• Combination of your metabolic rate and
physical activity level

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 Chemical Energy (food) Powers
the Body

Chemical Energy (food) Powers

the Body

Nutrition Overview

• Food as building materials

• proteins, nucleic acids, fatty acids

• Essential amino acids

• Vitamins
• Minerals

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 Nutrition and Digestion

• Macronutrients
• Water
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins

Carbohydrates:

• ‘White’ vs.
Whole Grain

QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.

Lipids
Saturated vs.
Unsaturated

“Trans-fats”

Omega-3 fats

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Proteins

Two Ways Your Body Expends

Energy
• BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate)
• 1300 - 1800 kilocalories (average)

• Muscular Activity
• Lifestyle Activities
• Exercise
• calorie expenditure varies by person and by day

Micronutrients
(Vitamins)
Organic Compounds
needed in small amounts • Water-soluble
for metabolism • Thiamin (B-1)
(enzyme helpers) • Riboflavin (B-2)
• Niacin
• Fat-soluble • B-6
• A • Folic Acid
QuickTime™ and a • B-12
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture. • D
• Pantothenic Acid
• E
• Biotin
• K • C (Ascorbic acid)

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 Micronutrients
(Minerals)

Components of cells
Structural components of tissues

• Major Minerals • Trace Minerals

• Calcium • Iron
• Phosphorus • Iodine
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• Magnesium • Fluoride
• Sodium
• Potassium
• Chloride

10
Food Labels

Serving Sizes

1 serving pasta
= 1 tennis ball

1 serving meat =
deck of cards

1 serving cheese
= 9 volt battery
or 1 domino

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