Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Wireless Multimedia
Introduction
Heilmeier's Catechism
What are you trying to do? Articulate your objectives using absolutely no jargon. How is it done today, and what are the limits of current practice? What's new in your approach and why do you think it will be successful? Who cares? If you're successful, what difference will it make? What are the risks and the payoffs? How much will it cost? How long will it take? What are the midterm and final "exams" to check for success?
Wireless Multimedia Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski
Technology Trends
Miniaturization of computing machinery . . . -> PCs -> laptop -> PDAs -> embedded computers/sensors
Wireless Multimedia Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski
At Home
WiFi
WiFi 802.11g
WiFi
bluetooth cellular
At Home
At Home: Last-Mile
On the Move
Source: http://www.ece.uah.edu/~jovanov/whrms/
Wireless Multimedia Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski
On the Road
safety: e.g., intersection collision avoidance/violation warning/turn conflict warning, curve warning mobility: e.g., crash data, weather/road surface data, construction zones, emergency vehicle signal pre-emption commercial benefits
Implementation: a network of 220,000 IEEE 802.11a and 802.11p wireless hot spots
More info: http://www.its.dot.gov/vii/index.htm
Wireless Multimedia Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski
Source: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/its/ruralitsandrd/tb-intercollision.pdf
bland spots
Disaster Recovery
9/11, Tsunami, Hurricane Katrina, South Asian earthquake Wireless communication and mobile computing capability can make a difference between life and death !
rapid deployment efficient resource and energy usage flexible: unicast, broadcast, multicast, anycast resilient: survive in unfavorable and untrusted environments
http://www.att.com/ndr/
Patch Network
Basestation
Wireless links are not reliable: they may vary over time and space
Reception v. Distance Asymmetry vs. Power Standard Deviation v. Reception rate
What Robert Poor (Ember) calls The good, the bad and the ugly
Wireless interference
S1 S2
R1 R1
Exposed terminal
R1 S1 S2 R2
Wireless security
eavesdropping,
denial of service,
Wireless Multimedia Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski
Challenge 3: Mobility
Limited bandwidth Limited battery power Limited processing, display and storage
PDA Laptop data simpler graphical displays fully functional standard applications 802.11 battery; 802.11
Performance/Weight/Power Consumption
Wireless Multimedia Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski
wireless LAN
1983: AMPS
1992: GSM
199x: proprietary 1997: IEEE 802.11 1999: 802.11b, Bluetooth 2000: IEEE 802.11a
analogue digital
2000: GPRS
1G
2G
2.5G
3G
802.20 Mobile-Fi
4G
IEEE 802.16a WiMAX (fixed), 802.16e (mobile)
WMAN
Wireless MetropolitanArea Networks
WLAN
Wireless Local-Area Networks
IEEE 802.11n
IEEE 802.15.3a UWB WiMedia
WPAN
Wireless PersonalArea Networks
Bluetooth
10 kbps
100 kbps
1 Mbps Current
10 Mbps Emerging
1 Gbps
Legacy
WWAN
GSM/UMTS
GSM TDMA IS-136
IEEE Cellular
IEEE 802.16
IEEE LAN
IEEE 802.11
2.5G
CDMA (IS-95B)
GPRS
802.11g
3G
cdma 2000
E-GPRS EDGE
WCDMA FDD/TDD
802.11a
3.5G
HSDPA FDD/TDD
HSUPA FDD/TDD
WiBRO
802.11g
3.9G
UMB 802.20
LTE E-UTRA
HSPA+
802.11n
IP connectivity
Content servers
2G / 2G+
3G
All-IP RAN
Telephony operator
Network operator
Content provider
Wireless LAN
Application provider Trusted provider
Broadband RAN
Source: Toni Janevski, Traffic Analysis and Design of Wireless IP Networks, Artech House Inc, Boston, USA, 2003.
Mobile Networks (2G, 2G+, 3G, HSPA) Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (e.g., WiMAX) Wireless LANs (e.g., IEEE 802.11 family) Wireless Personal Networks (e.g., Bluetooth) Trends: 4G mobile, Ad-hoc networks
Driving forces for wireless technologies development and spectrum allocation are:
Governments
Spectrum management is powerful tool Military and Police need communications Level of technology development Market triggers development and changes Research and Development (R&D) The ones who pay for the commercial service Citizens pay taxes, which may be used for R&D, for military and police communications, or for free communications services
Wireless Multimedia Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski
Wireless Standards
Academia
Users or Citizens
- Market knows best - Auctions/2ndary trading - High flexibility - Pro Big Business
- first come, first served - Beauty Contests - Low flexibility - Pro Government
Nobody knows best - No Legal Protection - Technical Protection - High flexibility - Pro- Innovation
Source: Frame and Perspectives of Radio Spectrum Policy in the European Union for Future Wireless Networks and Services, R.Niepold, European Commission, Paris, April 2004.
4G More bits/sec per Hertz are required because spectrum is scarce 2.5G 2G 3.5G 3G
bps
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
What Next ?
The future path has fractured into a number of possibilities The Wireless Battle is not over!
2.5G & WLAN 3G & WLAN & Brdcst 3G & WLAN & Ad-hoc 4G & WLAN & Brdcst 4G & 3G+ & WLAN & WLAN & Ad-hoc Ad-hoc 4G & WLAN
3G & WLAN
3G+
4G
1990
2000
2010
Wireless Multimedia Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski
Source: http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/rraj/G250Projects/NachiketMehta.ppt
Overall
Unified wireless IP network
Source of the Figure: Toni Janevski, Traffic Analysis and Design of Wireless IP Networks, Artech House Inc, Boston, USA, 2003.
Future mobile and wireless networks should provide adaptive personal communication with direct IP connectivity, allowing migration of users, devices and services between heterogeneous wireless networks ranging from GSM to wireless LAN and WiMAX and broadband mobile access networks such as 3G-HSPA, LTE, or LTEAdvanced, supporting different applications and using multimode mobile terminals to exploit different spectrums for different underlying wireless technologies.
Wireless Multimedia Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski
Mobile Users
Challenges
Guesses
ease of use
no manual
reliability
integration
no re-entry no duplication
cost
limited risk
Application configuration for (mobile) devices painful SMTP port 25 vs. 587 IMAP vs. POP TLS vs. SSL vs. secure authentication Worse for SIP...
Mobile whys
Not research, but examples of real irritation Why does each mobile device need its own power supply? Why do I have to adjust the clock on my camera each time I travel? Why do I have to know what my IMAP server is and whether it uses TLS or SSL? Why do I have to type in my address book? Why do I have to synchronize my PDA? Why do I have to manually update software? Why is connecting a laptop to a projector a gamble? Why do we use USB memory sticks when all laptops have 802.11b?
Philosophy transition
One computer/phone, many users
mainframe era home phone party line PC era cell phone era
Interconnected devices
Internet of things
What do we need?
Advanced mobility: session, personal, service Event notification Data formats location, sensor events, ...
MP3 player in car automatically picks up new files in home server A new email with vcard attachment automatically updates my cell phone address book The display of my laptop appears on the local projector
I can call people I just met My car key opens my front door My cell phone automatically turns itself off during a lecture My camera knows where the picture was taken (e.g., Nokia N95 knows in which country picture or video was taken)
An interconnected system
opens doors
incoming call
updates location
time, location
Application-layer mobility
Terminal mobility
one
terminal, multiple network addresses person, multiple terminals user, multiple terminals in sequence or in parallel move with user
Personal mobility
one
Session mobility
one
Service mobility
services
Session mobility
large plasma displays projector hi-res cameras echo-canceling speaker systems wide-area network access
SLP in multicast mode SLP in DA (Directory Agents) mode, besides UA (User Agents) and SA (Service Agents) is there a camera in the meeting room? SLP extension: find remote DA via DNS Wireless Multimedia Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski
Session mobility
Local Devices Transcoder
Internet
SLP DA
SLP UA
SIP UA
SIP SM
SIP UA
SLP UA
Mobile Node (MN) Wireless Multimedia Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski