Hc vin k thut qun s

b mn thng tin - khoa v tuyn in t

Trn Vn Khn - Quc Trinh

MY THU PHT v tuyn ft-70GH

(Dng cho o to k s in t - Vin thng)

H ni - 2006

LI NI U
FT-70GH l loi my thu pht sng ngn lm vic ch n cng, thoi v bo n bin cng sut nh, c kt cu gn nh, c kh nng mang vc v c tnh c ng cao (gi ngn gn l my thu pht FT-70GH). My c th t c nh ti cc trung tm hoc t trn xe c ng cng nh mang vc sau lng theo c nhn. My do hng YAESU - Nht Bn thit k ch to v sn xut, c trang b tng i ph bin khng nhng thch hp i vi an ninh quc phng m cn c s dng trong mt s c quan bn ngoi. Phin bn chung YAESU FT-70 c thit k v phn chia thnh cc phin bn sau: - FT-70F bao gm: FT-70F v FT-70FH: + FT-70F: chuyn i tn s lm vic da trn 11 knh nh c nh, c th hot ng n cng hoc bn song cng c lp trnh sn bng cc ma trn it. Cng sut pht thp. + FT-70FH: ging FT-70F nhng c cng sut pht cao hn. - FT-70G bao gm: FT-70G v FT-70GH: + FT-70G: ngi s dng c th t chn tn s lm vic trong di tn ca my thng qua o mch phm n, ch hot ng n cng. Cng sut pht thp. + FT-70GH: ging FT-70G nhng c cng sut pht cao hn. Trong cc loi trn th FT-70GH c s dng nhiu ti th trng Vit Nam do c tnh nng ch ng la chn tn s v cng sut ph hp. Cng nh FT-70 ni chung, FT-70GH c nhng tnh nng ni tri nh di tn rng, mng tn s cng tc ln vi dn cch tn s nh, n nh tn s cao nh p dng phng php tng hp tn s s dng cc mch vng kho pha PLL (Phase Locked Loop). Hn na, my cn c nhiu dng iu ch, cng sut my pht ph hp (25 W) so vi kch thc v trng lng, nhy my thu cao, ngun cung cp d p ng (12 V). c bit thit b s dng rt n gin t my chnh (FT-70GH) cho n b iu chnh phi hp anten di rng (FC-70M) bng nhn cng ph hp cho nhiu i tng khai thc s dng.

Chng 1
TNH NNG K THUT V CU TRC S KHI CA FT-70GH
1.1. CC CH TIU K THUT CA FT-70GH 1.1.1. Cc ch tiu chung a. Di tn cng tc: Thu: 0,5 n 29,9999 MHz, Pht: 2,0 n 29,9999 MHz. b. iu khin tn s: Tng hp tn s theo kiu mch vng kho pha (PLL), c bc tn l 100Hz, dng 6 cp chuyn mch c kh dng phm n. c. Cc ch lm vic: - Thoi n bin USB, LSB (J3E), - Thoi iu bin A3H (H3E), - Bo CW (J2A). d. Tr khng anten: 50 Ohm, khng i xng e. Ngun cung cp: Cho php t 12 n 15 VDC, cc m u v f. Dng tiu th: Khi thu: Khi pht (LOW) USB, LSB, CW: Khi pht (HIGH) USB, LSB, CW: Khi pht (LOW) A3H: Khi pht (HIGH) A3H: g. Nhit lm vic cho php: -20 n +60 0C h. Kch thc: (Rng x Cao x Su) mm Khng hp pin np (FNB-70): 242 x 87 x 277, C hp pin np (FNB-70): 242 x 87 x 319. i. Trng lng: Khng hp pin np (FNB-70): 3,5 Kg, 2 0,5 A, 3,3 A, 7,0 A, 2,8 A, 3,6 A.

C hp pin np (FNB-70): 1.1.2. Cc ch tiu my pht a. Cng sut ra: USB, LSB, CW A3H b. Dng iu ch: USB, LSB: iu ch cn bng, A3H: c. Bc x hi: tng u, mc thp. 50 dB.

5,8 Kg

(HIGH/LOW): 25W/10W, (HIGH/LOW): 12W/5W.

d. Trit sng mang: 50 dB. e. Loi b bin tn khng dng: 50 dB ( tone 1500 Hz). g. c tnh m tn pht: 6 dB t 350 n 2650 Hz. h. n nh tn s: i. Tr khng micro: 150 Hz . 600 Ohm.

k. m dao ng iu chnh: 1500 Hz. 1.1.3. Cc ch tiu my thu a. Kiu mch: b. Tn s trung gian: - Tn s trung gian 1: - Tn s trung gian 2: - T 2,0 n 30,0 MHz: + USB, LSB, CW: + A3H: - T 0,5 n 2,0 MHz: + USB, LSB, CW: + A3H: 4,0 V, 15 V. 0,4 V, 1,5 V. 47,055 MHz, 10,700 MHz. my thu i tn 2 ln.

c. nhy (vi 10 dB (S+N)/N):

d. chn lc tn s ln cn: vi 10 dB (S+N)/N -6dB / -60dB l 2,4 kHz / 5,0 kHz. e. chn lc tn s nh: Tn s trung gian 1: 80 dB, 3

Tn s trung gian 2: 70 dB. g. chn lc tn s trung gian: chn lc tn s trung gian 1: 50 dB di tn s < 2 MHz, 60 dB di tn s > 2 MHz. chn lc tn s trung gian 2 : 70 dB h. Di vi chnh tn s thu: 300 Hz. e. Cng sut ra m tn: 1,5 W / ti 8 Ohm, mo 10%. 1.1.4. Ph tng ng b km theo thit b a. ng b theo my - T hp loa - micro cm tay loi MH-17A8, - Dy ngun, cm, cu ch, - Gic cm manip. b. ng b chn thm - T hp telephone cm tay loi YH-70, - B lc LSB 10F-2.4DL, - Ti ng my CSC-70A, - Pin-accu FNB-70 Ni-Cd: 12V/ 4Ah, trng lng 2,3 kg, - B i in AC/DC kim np accu 3 ch v loa ngoi NC-70, - B phi hp anten iu chnh bng tay FC-70M, dng cho loi FT-70G, - B phi hp anten iu chnh bng tay FC-70P, dng cho loi FT-70F, - B anten cn YA-70 dng mt t c th s dng kt hp vi FC-70M hoc FC-70P, - Anten cn 3 t RSL - 70 lm vic di tn ln hn 15 MHz vi FC-70P. 1.2. THNH PHN S KHI CA FT-70GH 1.2.1. Khi qut chung m bo nhng tnh nng, ch tiu k thut nh nu mc 1.1, nh a s cc thit b thu pht v tuyn sng ngn ph bin hin nay, s khi ca my thu pht FT-70GH c thit k v xy dng vi nhng nt c trng c bn sau: - Do my c thit k ch lm vic ch n cng nn c nhiu khi c dng chung cho c thu ln pht nh: mch tng hp tn s (THTS - mch vng 4

kho pha PLL), cc b trn tn, cc b lc (lc di, lc tn thp, lc n bin), cc b khuch i trung gian... Nh c im ny m cho php gim ng k kch thc v trng lng my, n gin cho thit k v ch to. - B THTS c xy dng trn c s THTS gin tip, bao gm 3 mch vng kho pha cho php to mng v n nh tn s trong mt di tn rng (t 0,5 n 29,9999 MHz) vi dn cch tn s nh (100 Hz), m bo n nh tn s cao (trn 0,1 ppm), thi gian kho pha nhanh, hn ch ti a cc bc x ph do cc mch dao ng v trn tn to ra... - Do lm vic trong mt di tn rng nn m bo cho vic ng u mc tn hiu, trong s khi tuyn thu cng nh tuyn pht v trong mch vng kho pha cn s dng nhiu cc b lc lm vic trong mt di tn hp v cc b dao ng k tip nhau. Vic chn mt trong nhng b lc hoc mt trong nhng b dao ng VCO (Voltage-Cotrolled Oscillator) tng ng vi mt di tn s nht nh c thng qua h thng chuyn mch in t nh cc lnh t khi iu khin gii m a n. - Tuyn thu v pht bao gm nhiu mch in b tr nhm n nh, nng cao cht lng tn hiu v bo v thit b. l: mch t ng iu chnh mc ALC (Automatic Level Control), mch t ng bo v APC (Automatic Protect Control), mch ch th cng sut pht ... i vi tuyn pht; mch t ng iu chnh h s khuch i AGC (Automatic Gain Control), mch nn ting ro khi khng c tn hiu SQL (Squelch), mch chng nhiu xung NB (Noise Blanker) v o cng tn hiu thu, ... i vi tuyn thu. - Tu theo tng dng ch cng tc khc nhau m tuyn thu cng nh tuyn pht c nhng gii php k thut c th gii quyt iu ch v gii iu ch tn hiu. y ta nn ch thm n vic hnh thnh cc ch tuyn pht, gii php ny cho php n gin s dng chung c nhiu khi chc nng hn khi hnh thnh cc dng tn hiu khc nhau xut pht chung t gii php iu ch tn hiu n bin: + Vic hnh thnh tn hiu thoi n bin (USB, LSB) da trn phng php iu ch cn bng, sau lc ly mt di bin cn dng. + Tn hiu thoi iu bin (A3H) c hnh thnh l dng tn hiu thoi n bin vi ton b sng mang (H3E). + Tn hiu bo (CW), v thc cht cng l dng tn hiu bo n bin (J2A), n khc thoi n bin ch, tn hiu iu ch l mt n m (tone 1500 Hz) c khng ch cng vi cc tng tuyn pht bng mt 5

manip. 1.2.2. Thnh phn v chc nng cc khi Trn c s s u ni ca FT-70GH, s khi ca thit b bao gm nhng thnh phn sau: a. Khi cao tn, trung tn (RF/IF unit) - Thc hin khuch i, chn lc tn hiu, iu ch v gii iu ch i vi cc dng tn hiu khc nhau (SSB, CW, AM) tuyn tn s cao tn, trung tn v m tn. - Khng ch cp ngun cho cc mch kho nhng ch khc nhau. b. Khi m ch vng kho pha (PLL unit) - To tn hiu dao ng chun ti ch th nht: mng tn s chun 47,055 77,0549 MHz vi dn cch tn s 100Hz. - To tn hiu dao ng chun ti ch th hai 36,355 MHz. - To tn hiu dao ng chun sng mang 10,7 MHz. - Khuch i tn hiu m tn v mt cng sut. c. Khi cp ngun v iu khin (REG-CNTL unit) - To tn hiu chuyn cc b lc, bao gm: b lc di BPF (khi RF/IF unit), b lc tn thp LPF (khi LPF unit). - To tn hiu chuyn cc b dao ng VCO trong khi PLL unit. - Thc hin di m BCD, to d liu cho cc b chia lp trnh trong cc mch vng PLL ca khi PLL unit. - Cp cc ch ngun cho cc tuyn thu, pht ca thit b. - To tn hiu cm pht cho thit b trong cc trng hp nguy him. d. Khi khuch i cng sut (PA unit) - Khuch i tn hiu cao tn v mt cng sut, m bo cng sut pht ra cho my pht. e. Khi lc tn thp (LPF unit) - Lc b cc thnh phn hi khng cho pht x ra anten, phi hp tr khng gia tng khuch i cng sut v mch ra anten. - Tch thnh phn sng ti v sng phn x cung cp cho mch ALC v APC. g. Khi chn ch (MODE SW unit) 6

- Gm chuyn mch 3 tng, 4 v tr (LSB, USB, A3H v CW) thc hin khng ch cp ngun v mt c kh khi chuyn cc ch cng tc khc nhau. h. Khi chuyn mch (SW unit) - Bao gm cc chuyn mch ring r nh: chn cng sut pht, dp nhiu xung NB, chuyn mch ng h o, cp ngun chung cho thit b POWER, chiu sng LAMP, v khng ch iu chnh TUNE. i. Khi iu chnh (VR unit) - Khuch i mt phn tn hiu m tn, khng ch mc tn hiu m tn tuyn thu. k. Khi st-si - G lp cc bng mch; lin kt gia cc khi, cng tc, chuyn mch, tr ngun, an ten v.v vi nhau 1.3. PHN TCH S KHI S khi y ca my thu pht FT-70GH c ch ra trn hnh 1-1.

Hnh 1-1: S khi my thu pht FT-70GH 8

1.3.1. Cu trc tn s T s cu trc tn s hnh 1-2, d dng nhn thy: - Dao ng ti ch th nht (LO1: 47,555 77,055 MHz) quyt nh di tn s v bc tn 100 Hz lm vic ca thit b, chng c xy dng trn phng php tng hp tn s gin tip vi 3 mch vng kho pha. r hn, xem mc 1.4.4.

Hnh 1-2: Cu trc tn s ca FT-70GH - Dao ng ti ch th hai (LO2: 36,355 MHz) v dao ng sng mang (CAR: 10,7 MHz) l nhng b dao ng c nh ti 1 tn s v c n nh nh phn t thch anh, chnh v vy chng c n nh tn s rt cao. - i tn ln 1 c i tn ln (tn s trung tn 1 l 47,055 MHz) so vi tn s tn hiu (0,5 30 MHz) v chn gi tr tn s trung tn 1 ln hn nhiu so vi tn s tn hiu. iu c ngha: + y xa tn s nhiu nh, nhiu trung gian so vi tn s tn hiu, cho php nng cao chn lc i vi nhiu tn s nh v nhiu tn s trung gian, trnh nhng nhiu tn s trung gian do cc i pht thanh qung b hot ng mnh di sng trung. + Trn tn ln 2 cc khu tip theo, h trung tn 2 xung 10,7 MHz, s dng cc tng khuch i v b lc thch anh cho php nng cao chn lc tn s ln cn v nhy my thu. + V tn s trung tn 1 c gi tr ln hn nhiu so vi tn s tn hiu nh nu trn nn cho php tuyn cao tn my thu s dng nhiu b lc thng di BPF c nh v tuyn cao tn my pht s dng nhiu b lc thng thp 9

LPF c nh, mi b lc tng ng vi 1 bng tn nht nh thay cho mch lc cng hng theo tn s tn hiu. Bng cch ny cho php tnh ton thit k n gin v gn nh trong khi vn m bo cc chn lc thnh phn tn s tn hiu cao. - Cc b lc BPF tuyn cao tn ch c tc dng chn lc tn hiu loi b i vi nhiu tn s nh v nhiu tn s trung gian, chng khng c tc dng loi b i vi nhiu tn s ln cn, vic loi b i vi loi nhiu ny s c m bo tt nh cc b lc thch anh cc tuyn tn s trung gian. - V chn gi tr tn s trung tn 1 ln nn tn s ca dao ng ti ch th nht LO1 cng phi chn ln hn so vi tn s tn hiu v vy c o ph i vi tn hiu n bin v c gi nguyn cho ti tuyn trung tn 2 v vy cc b lc n bin c s thay i: b lc tn hiu USB lc di ph tn hiu di v ngc li b lc di ph tn hiu LSB lc di trn so vi sng mang. - Do my lm vic ch n cng, tuyn thu v pht thit k c s lp li tng ng trong cc tuyn tn s nn cho php s dng chung nhiu khi chc nng nh cc b lc, trn tn, dao ng chun... - To tn hiu n bin dng iu ch cn bng D1061 v lc thch anh XF1002, 03. Gii iu ch trn cc it D1046 D1049 theo dng trn tn kiu phch khng lin kt (non-coherent) vi dao ng sng mang CAR (ng vai tr mt b dao ng phch BFO-Beat Frequency Oscillator). 1.3.2. ng tn hiu thu Nghin cu ng tn hiu thu xt trn s cu trc tn s hnh 1-1 trn v hnh 1-2 s cu trc tuyn thu di y. a. ng thu chung i vi cc dng tn hiu: Tn hiu trong di 0,5 30 MHz thu nhn t anten, c a ti khi b lc tn thp LPF, qua r le cao tn thu - pht tip im tnh ti khi RF/IF unit. Ti khi RF/IF unit, tn hiu qua 1 trong 8 b lc di BPF tng ng vi tn s tn hiu m c d liu chn t khi REG-CNTL unit a ti iu khin la chn. Tn hiu c khuch i nh tng khuch i cao tn FET Q1001 (c iu khin h s khuch i bi FET Q1002), qua b lc tn thp LPF v ti b trn tn th nht D1021 cng vi tn hiu dao ng ti ch th nht LO1 (ngoi sai1) t khi PLL unit a n:
f tt1 = f LO1 f th

(1.1) 10

 y: f tt1 - tn s trung tn thu th nht tuyn thu: 47,055 MHz

f LO1 - tn s dao ng ti ch th nht: 47,555 77,055 MHz f th - tn s tn hiu u vo my thu: 0,5 30 MHz

Biu thc (1.1) cho thy tn s tn hiu trung tn 1 (47,055 MHz) l sn phm ca b trn tn ln th nht, tn hiu ny qua b lc kiu "mi nh" XF1001 ti b trn tn th hai Q1003 cng vi tn hiu dao ng ti ch th hai LO2 (ngoi sai 2) 36,355 MHz t khi PLL unit a n
f tt2 = f tt1 f LO2

(1.2)

y:

f tt2 - tn s trung tn hai ca tuyn thu: 10,7 MHz f LO1 - tn s dao ng ti ch th hai: 36,355 MHz

Nh phn tch mc 1.3.1 trn, cc b lc USB v LSB c s ch i vi di ph tn hiu so vi tn s sng mang. V d, u vo l tn hiu n bin bin trn ( f th + F ), y f th l tn s sng mang; +F l tin tc bin trn (0,3 3,4kHz). T (1.1) v (1.2) ta thu c tn s trung tn 2 l f tt2 F vi tn s sng mang l f tt2 = 10, 7MHz . Sau b trn tn th hai, tn hiu tn s trung tn 2 (10,7 MHz) qua b lc thch anh USB bin trn XF1002 (hoc LSB bin di XF1003) c a ti 3 tng khuch i trung gian Q1005, Q1006, Q1007. n y kt thc tuyn thu chung v bt u hnh thnh cc ng thu ring i vi tng loi tn hiu khc nhau. b. ng thu ring i vi cc dng tn hiu: ng thu tn hiu SSB, CW: sau b khuch i trung gian cui Q1007, tn hiu c a ti b gii iu ch D1046 D1049 cng vi tn hiu sng mang ti ch 10,7 MHz t khi PLL Unit a ti. Kt qu tn hiu m tn c tch ra t b lc m tn Q1014, qua cng trit ting ro Q1016 trc khi a ti tng tin khuch i m tn Q8001 (nm trn khi VR unit), qua chit p iu chnh m lng. Cui cng tn hiu c khuch i bi khi khuch i cng sut m tn Q2050 (nm trn khi PLL unit) v a ra loa. ng thu tn hiu AM (A3H): tn hiu sau b khuch i trung gian cui Q1007, qua b khuch i m Q1009 ti b tch sng AGC/AM D1043 v D1045. Sau b tch sng, tn hiu m tn c khuch i m bi Q1013 ri a ti b lc m tn tch cc Q1014. n y ng thu tn hiu m tn AM ging nh ng thu SSB v CW trn.

11

Hnh 1-3: S cu trc tuyn thu

12

c. Cc mch b tr cho tuyn thu (AGC, S-Meter, SQL v NB): Mch t ng iu chnh h s khuch i (AGC): Mt phn tn hiu sau khuch i trung gian cui Q1007, c khuch i m bng Q1009 n tch sng AGC D1043, 45 trc khi ti b khuch i 1 chiu Q1010 cp cho mch AGC. Tn hiu AGC sau Q1010, ngoi vic c a ti 3 khng ch h s khuch i ca 3 tng khuch i trung gian Q1005-07, cn c qua b khuch i Q1011 a ti khng ch tng khuch i cao tn u vo my thu Q1001. Mch ch th cng tn hiu thu (S-Meter): Tn hiu AGC sau b khuch i Q1011 ngoi nhim v tham gia vo mch AGC ni trn cn c a ti b khuch i Q1012 trc khi a ti ng h ch th S-meter. Mch trit ting ro khi khng c tn hiu (Squelch-SQL): C nhiu nguyn tc trit ro, s khi FT-70GH y c xy dng theo nguyn tc (m) trit ro theo cng tn hiu thu. Mt phn tn hiu AGC thu nhn c t sau b khuch i Q1011 ngoi c ng dng trn, cn c a ti mch so snh vi ngng kha SQL trong 1/2 ca Q1032. Sau so snh, tn hiu c khuch i bi Q1015 v a ti khng ch cng Squelch Q1016. Mch dp nhiu xung (NB): Nhiu xung (c bin ln v rng b) l mt dng nhiu do bin ng ca kh quyn hay do tia la in ca chi than cc ng c gy ra m cc b lc my thu khng loi b c, tc ng ln bin tn hiu thu nhn c gy kh chu cho ngi nghe hoc gy li cho thit b cui cng x l s. Trong cc my thu sng ngn hin nay thng c thit k mch NB hn ch loi nhiu ny khi cn thit. Mt phn nh tn hiu sau b trn tn th hai c khuch i bi cc tng Q1020 Q1024, ti b tch sng xung D1052. Tn hiu c nn ti b to dng xung xo Q1004, n varicap kp (varactor) D1031. Varactor ny ng li, ngt tn hiu trong vi miligiy trit nhiu xung trong ng tn hiu trung gian th hai. 1.3.3. ng tn hiu pht Nghin cu ng tn hiu pht xt trn s hnh 1-1 trn v hnh 1-4 13

s cu trc tuyn pht di y.

Hnh 1-4: S cu trc tuyn pht a. Hnh thnh cc dng tn hiu pht: Trong ch thoi ni chung (SSB hay A3H), tn hiu m tn t micr c khuch i bi Q1027, khuch i m Q1028 ri ti b iu ch cn bng D1061 cng vi tn s sng mang 10,7 MHz t khi PLL unit a ti. Trong ch CW hay khi n nt TUNE iu chnh my pht, m 1,5 kHz t b dao ng m ca 1/2Q1032 qua cng m Q1041, khuch i m Q1029 ti b iu ch cn bng D1061 thay cho tn hiu m tn c ly t micr trong ch thoi. Tn hiu 10,7 MHz gm 2 di bin sau b trn tn cn bng qua b lc thch anh (s dng chung cho tuyn thu) ly 1 di bin, c khuch i bi Q1030 ri n b trn tn pht th nht Q1031 cng vi tn hiu dao ng ti ch th 2 (36,355 MHz) n t khi PLL unit. Trong ch pht A3H, mt phn tn hiu sng mang 10,7 MHz t khi PLL unit cn c a n u vo b trn tn pht th nht cng thm mc sng mang cho 1 bin tn. Sau trn tn ny, tn hiu 47,055 MHz qua b lc kiu "mi nh" (chung vi tuyn thu) c khuch i bi Q1033, ri a n b trn tn pht th 2 (cng l b trn tn th nht tuyn thu) D1021. Sau b trn tn pht th 2 ny, tn hiu c h xung vo di tn pht, qua b lc tn thp LPF (chung vi tuyn thu), khuch i m bi Q1034,35, qua 1 trong 8 b lc di (chung vi tuyn thu) v c a ti tng tin khuch i cng sut Q1036 trc khi a ti khi PA unit. 14

Ti khi PA unit1, tn hiu pht c khuch i bi tng kch Q5001, 02 v tng khuch i cng sut cui Q5003,04, sau tn hiu qua mt trong 7 (hoc 8 nu chn thm) b lc tn thp LPF v mch ghp CM trn khi LPF unit trc khi ti anten. b. Cc mch b tr cho tuyn pht (ALC, APC, Po-Meter ): Mch t ng iu chnh mc (ALC): Cng gn ging nh mch AGC i vi tuyn thu, mch ALC cho tuyn pht ng vai tr ht sc quan trng nhm m n nh mc tn hiu pht cho tng ch c chn, v cng thng qua mch ALC m cc mch t ng bo v (APC), la chn v ch th cng sut pht c s dng. Tn hiu cao tn pht khi CM coupler trn khi LPF unit c tch ra v khuch i bi Q4002/Q4003 (i vi tn hiu SSB v CW) hoc 1/2 ca Q4006 (i vi tn hiu A3H) ti t ng iu chnh mc in p cho cc tng khuch i trung gian pht Q1030 (ch i vi tn hiu SSB v CW) v Q1033. i vi tn hiu pht A3H, u ra ca Q4006 c khng ch bi in p Rx8V Q4007 v c khuch i bi Q4008, 09 trc khi a ti Q1033.

Ur

Uf

Hnh 1.5: S cu trc mch ALC Mch t ng bo v (APC): Nhim v ca mch APC l cn phi gim cng sut pht xung khi mt phi hp gia my pht vi anten (cng sut sng phn x tng, t s SWR vt qu gii hn cho php) nhm bo v tng khuch i cng sut. Cng sut sng phn x c nn t mch CM coupler, c khuch i bi Q4005 iu khin h s khuch i ca Q4002 v Q4008 trn ng ALC, sao cho nu cng sut sng phn x cao th kt qu s lm gim cng sut pht xung. Tn hiu u ra Q4005 lm thng Q4004 v n CAUTION (cnh
1

y tm s dng s ca tng KCS FT-70G/F phn tch, thc t vi FT-70GH c cng sut cao hn nn s khi PA unit s c thm 1 tng tin khuch i na.

15

bo nguy him) sng khi cng sut sng phn x ln. Vic chn cng sut pht HIGH/LOW (cao/thp) tng t nh cch iu khin trn, bng cch thay i mc thin p trn ng khuch i ALC. Mch ch th cng sut pht (Po-Meter): Tn hiu o cng sut ra (Po) c ly t 1/2 ca Q4006, cung cp nh mt b so snh gia cng sut sng ti v cng sut sng phn x ly t mch CM coupler. c. Mch khng ch pht (KEY, TUNE, PTT): Khng ch bng ma nip (KEY): Manip khng ch Q1037, Q1038 trn khi RF/IF unit, v t n khng ch tip theo: - Ngt thin p ca cc tng khuch i trung gian thu (Q1005-07) t Q1008. - M cc cng sidetone Q1041 v Q1042 (cp m 1,5 kHz t dao ng m Q1032 n iu ch cn bng v ti loa nghe kim tra). - Chuyn T/R ca ng 8V trn khi REG-CNTL unit. - Khng ch r le T/R trn khi LPF unit t Q1040. - Cp thin p mc thp cho cc tng khuch i cao tn pht Q1034 v Q1036 t Q1044. - Cp thin p cho tng khuch i trung gian pht Q1033 t Q1039. Khng ch iu chnh my pht (TUNE): Khi nt TUNE c n, mch tc dng tng t nh KEY. Khng ch trong ch thoi (PTT): Khi nt PTT trn t hp c n, mch tc ng cng gn tng t nh trn, tr cc tng kho sidetone. 1.3.4. Mch tng hp tn s - PLL (Phase Locked Loop) Nh r, b tng hp tn s (THTS) l mt thnh phn c bn rt quan trng trong cc thit b thu pht v tuyn. N c nhim v to ra cc tn s dng lm dao ng ch sng cho tuyn pht v dao ng ngoi sai cho tuyn thu. Trong k thut thng tin hin i, thit b thu pht v tuyn c th thc hin thng tin lin lc tin cy, khi bt u lin lc khng phi tm kim v trong qu trnh lin lc khng phi vi chnh tn s, th b THTS phi t c nhng yu cu sau: - Lm vic trong di tn rng tho mn c cc yu cu ra vi s lng 16

thch anh l t nht. - Bc tn ( phn gii tn s) nh p ng c cc yu cu i vi tng loi thit b trong cc di tn khc nhau. - m bo n nh v chnh xc tn s cao. - m bo sch dao ng ( tinh khit ph), loi b n mc thp nht cc dao ng ph sinh ra trong qu trnh bin i tn s: phi rt gn vi dao ng n iu ho, khng c cc dao ng ph ng k, khng c s iu bin, iu tn hay iu pha r rt bi cc tp m, bi ting xoay chiu ...v.v. - Thi gian thit lp tn s nhanh, chnh xc. - C kh nng nh v iu chnh chuyn tn s t ng. - Kch thc, trng lng nh, kh nng module ho cao. - Gi thnh h. B THTS l thit b c kh nng to ra mt s lng ln tn s chnh xc t mt tn s chun. Thut ng THTS (frequency synthesizer) c Finden s dng ln u tin cho vic to ra cc tn s l hi ca tn s chun. Cc tin b gn y trong vic thit k cc mch tch hp cho php pht trin cc b THTS r tin, nh c th p dng chng trong hu ht cc my thu pht thng tin. Mt b THTS c th thay th cho nhiu mch cng hng thch anh t tin trong mt my thu v tuyn nhiu knh. B dao ng s dng mt thch anh to ra mt tn s chun, cn b THTS th to ra mt mng tn s chun. B THTS ca FT-70GH to ra cc tn hiu tn s chun sau: - Tn hiu dao ng chun ti ch th nht bao gm 1 mng tn s chun t 47,555 77,0549 MHz, cc tn s chun cch nhau 100 Hz. - Tn hiu dao ng chun ti ch th hai 36,355 MHz. - Tn hiu sng mang chun 10,7 MHz. to ra tn hiu chun ti ch th nht, nhm p ng i hi va phi to ra 1 di tn rng m li c dn cch tn s nh, c n nh tn s cao v thi gian kho pha nhanh, s khi ca mch tng hp tn s c xy dng trn c s ca 3 mch vng kho pha (PLL1, 2 v 3). Da trn chc nng v v tr ca cc mch vng kho pha m chng cn c cc tn gi khc nh: PLL1: mch vng chnh, mch vng iu chnh th, c iu khin tng ng vi cc nt t tn s x10MHz, x1MHz, v x100kHz. PLL2: mch vng m, vi chnh tn s thu. PLL3: mch vng ph, mch vng iu chnh tinh, c iu khin tng 17

ng vi cc nt t tn s x10kHz, x1kHz, v x100Hz. Di y s ln lt phn tch cc mch vng PLL v cc mch cn li. a. Mch vng PLL1: Cu trc s khi ca mch PLL1 c ch ra hnh 1-6.
n TT th nht 47,055 77,055 MHz Q2006, 07 T VCO ca PLL2 45,055 45,1549 MHz PLL IF 2,0 31,9999 MHz Q2010 13

Q2001 - 04
Chn VCO

Q2008

VCO 15

Khuch i m
Q2019

Trn tn 1
Q2015

Lc tn thp

Khuch i m
Q2014

Lc tn thp

Tch sng pha

50 kHz

B chia lp trnh

Chia 2

Ti mch Unlock

Chia 16

Chn h s chia x10MHz x1MHz x100kHz

1,0 15,9999MHz

800 kHz t DTA 24 MHz

Hnh 1-6: S khi ca mch vng PLL1 Trn s th hin c nguyn l hot ng ca vng PLL1, y ta ch phn tch nhng im chnh ca thit k: - Do di tn u ra rng, m bo tn hiu ra ng u v d dng iu khin (gim h s trm bng) trong ton di tn, y s dng 5 b dao ng ln tc VCO (Voltage-Cotrolled Oscillator) (VCO1 - VCO5), chn b dao ng nh d liu ly t khi REG-CNTL unit a n. Tn s tn hiu tng ng gia cc tuyn c ch ra bng 1-1. - Quan h gia cc tuyn tn s trong mch PLL1 nh sau: f(PLL IF) = 2M.50 (kHz) = M.100 (kHz) f(VCO PLL1) = f(VCO PLL2) + f(PLL IF) = f(VCO PLL2) + M .100 (kHz) y: f(VCO PLL1) - tn s ca dao ng VCO vng PPL1 f(PLL IF) - tn s trung tn ca vng PPL1 18 (1.4) (1.3)

f(VCO PLL2) - tn s ca dao ng VCO vng PPL2 M - h s chia ca b chia lp trnh, l nhng s nguyn dng 50(kHz) - tn s chun u vo mch tch sng pha Bng 1-1 Quan h gia cc tuyn tn s v cc b dao ng VCO ca PLL1 Di tn (MHz)
f th

VCO1 (Q2004) 0,5 6 2,5 8 47,555 53,055

VCO2 (Q2003) 6 13 8 15 53,055 60,055

VCO3 (Q2002) 13 20 15 22 60,055 67,055

VCO4 (Q2001) 20 24 22 26 67,055 71,055

VCO5 (Q2001) 24 30 26 32 71,055 77,055

f(PLL IF) f(VCO PLL1)

Da trn biu thc (1.4) ta nhn thy: gi nh l f(VCO PLL2) l khng i (xy ra khi cc nt t tn s x10kHz, x1kHz, x100Hz ti v tr xc lp), thng qua cc nt t tn s x10MHz, x1MHz, x100kHz iu khin h s chia bin i M m vng PLL1 ch cho php thay i tn s u ra f(VCO PLL1) dn cch nhau nh nht vi 100 kHz chun, y chnh l bc tn ca vng PLL1 v vng ny cn c tn gi l vng chnh hay vng iu chnh th. Nh vy, tng ng vi 2 gi tr lin tip nhau ca M th f(VCO PLL2) phi c bin i lp y khong trng 100 kHz. Do trn s thc t vng PLL1 chuyn giao nhim v cho cc vng kho pha tip theo phi m bo mng tn s chun t 45,055 45,1549 MHz ( rng di tn s l 100 kHz, vi dn cch tn s l 100 Hz). Nhim v ny phi do cc vng kha pha cn li PLL2, PLL3 v thng qua cc nt t tn s x10kHz, x1kHz, x100Hz m nhn (vng tinh). b. Mch vng PLL2: Mch vng PLL2 c nhim v to ra mng tn s chun t 45,055 45,1549 MHz ( rng di tn s l 100 kHz, vi dn cch tn s l 100 Hz). Mch vng PLL2, ngoi vic phi m bo u ra f(VCO PLL2) nh ni trn, cn cho php thay i tn s u ra trong mt phm vi hp khi ch thu (Clarifier). Quan h gia cc tuyn tn s trong mch PLL1 nh sau: f(VCO PLL2) = f(VCO PLL3) + 44,355 MHz (1.4)

19

Hnh 1-7: S khi mch vng PLL2. Da trn biu thc (1.4) ta nhn thy: nhim v m vng PLL1 chuyn giao to mng tn s chun trung gian vi dn cch tn s l 100Hz lc ny li c chuyn tip do mch vng PLL3 m nhn. Ngha l f(VCO PLL3) = 700 799,9 kHz ( rng di tn l 100 kHz, vi dn cch tn s 100 Hz). Trong ch thu, tn s chun 44,355 MHz ny cho php thay i trong 1 phm vi hp (300 Hz) nh vic s dng b DTA 8 MHz ring (trong ch pht, 8 MHz c hnh thnh t b DTA 24 MHz c nh) c iu chnh bng nm Clarifier ngoi mt my. Mch vng kho pha PLL2 c ch ra hnh 1-7 khc mch vng kho pha PLL1 nhng im sau: - Tn hiu a vo b trn tn Q2028 khng phi l mt mng tn s chun m l mt tn s chun 44,355 MHz c to nn t cc b dao ng thch anh nh nu trn vi muc ch vi chnh tn s thu khi cn thit m khng thay i tn s pht, y l mt nguyn tc t chc thng tin hai chiu hin nay. - Khng s dng b chia lp trnh iu c ngha cc nt t tn s khng c tc dng trc tip vng ny iu khin tn s ca VCO m tc dng gin tip thng qua vic iu khin tn s chun a vo b tch sng pha Q2021. - B tch sng pha Q2021 y khng phi so pha gia 2 tn hiu c nh ti mt tn s, m so pha gia 2 tn hiu c nh nm trong mng tn s chun ca mch vng PLL3 a n (di tn ny cng c rng 100 kHz v dn cch tn s l 100 Hz). c. Mch vng PLL3: 20

Mch vng PLL3 c nhim v to ra mng tn s chun t 700 799,9 kHz ( rng di tn l 100 kHz, vi dn cch tn s 100 Hz). Vi nhim v trn cc mch vng kho pha thng thng kh thc hin. Cc thit b mi hin nay p dng gii php s dng mch tng hp tn s s trc tip DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer), b tng hp tn s DDS s dng ton vi mch nn c kt cu gn nh, cng sut tiu t thp, c phn gii (dn cch) tn s tt, bc tn c th t ti 1Hz, vic t tn s gn nh tc thi ( tr khng ng k), c sai s v nhiu pha nh. Vi k thut vi in t ngy nay ngi ta ch to c DDS t ti tn s 150MHz, nu s dng cc b cng pha c u vo ra song song, b bin i D/A song song th c th t ti tn s 500 MHz. Tuy nhin, tng hp tn s theo phng php DDS gp phi mo lng t bin v mo lng t pha. Gii php i vi FT-70GH y s dng cc mch vng PLL thng thng nn p ng mch vng PLL3 s dng b chia cui f/40 Q2020 p ng c nhim v trn.
Q2020 n PLL2 700 799,9 kHz

Chia 40
Q2030

VCO 28 31,996 MHz

Lc tn thp

VCO

Trn tn

DTA 24 MHz

Q2033 Q2032

Tch sng pha

4 kHz

B chia lp trnh

PLL IF 4,0 7,996 MHz

Ti mch Unlock

Chia 200

Chn h s chia x10kHz x1kHz x100Hz

800 kHz t DTA 24 MHz

Hnh 1-8: S khi mch vng PLL3. Thc cht nhim v mch vng PLL3 lc ny to ra mng tn s chun t 28 31,996 MHz vi dn cch tn s chun kh ln l 4 kHz. R rng l lc ny nhim v ca mch vng PLL3 tr nn nh nhng hn nhiu v d dng thc hin. S khi mch vng PLL3 c ch ra hnh 1-8. Nhn vo s c 21

th nhn thy: f(VCO PLL3) = 24 (MHz) + 4N (kHz) (1.5) y, N l l h s chia ca b chia lp trnh, l nhng s nguyn. Da trn biu thc 1.5 ta nhn thy, thng qua cc nt t tn s x10kHz, x1kHz, x100Hz khng ch thay i h s chia N, m vng PLL3 cho php thay i tn s u ra ca VCO PLL3 dn cch nhau 4 kHz chun. V nh vy, cng vi mch PLL2 to thnh mch vng iu chnh tinh s lp y nhng khong trng do vng iu chnh th PLL1 li. Kt qu cui cng u ra b tng hp tn s PLL to ra c tn hiu dao ng ti ch th nht cho tuyn thu pht theo yu cu. d. Mch cm (Unlock): Cc ng Unlock t 3 b tch sng pha (Q2013, Q2021, Q2032) ca 3 mch vng PLL c HOC (OR) vi nhau iu khin chuyn mch Unlock Switch Q2009. Nu 1 trong 3 vng khng kho pha, lp tc mch ny khng cho php my pht lm vic thng qua Q3013 v Q3031 trn khi REG-CNTL unit ng thi n CAUTION sng thng bo li. 1.4. PHN IU KHIN (chn BPF, LPF, v VCO) c chn bi cc s liu chuyn mch t khi REG-CNTL unit ly s liu m BCD, x10MHz, x1MHz t khi chuyn mch SW unit. Cc IC Q3009 Q3015 gii m di tn s cng tc (hng MHz) i vi mi mch c chn. Ngoi ra, nu t tn s khng ng, s liu gii m c HOC vi tn hiu Unlock ti Q3013 khng ch n CAUTION mt my (sng ) v khng cho php khng ch pht. S liu gii m bng vi bng chn qua khuch i kch (driver array) Q3016, ti khng ch cc b lc LPF trn khi LPF unit v ti mt trong cc chuyn mch Q3017 Q3024 chn BPF trn khi RF/IF unit. Cc chuyn mch Q3017 Q3023 cng c HOC vi nhau chn VCO1,2,3,4,5 ca PLL1 qua chuyn mch Q3025, 26, 27, 28 v Q3029.

22

Chng 2
C IM S NGUYN L FT - 70GH
Trn c s phn s khi ca thit b c gii thiu chng 1, nghin cu chng 2 ny c tnh cht c th hn mt s mch tiu biu. Nghin cu phn s nguyn l bao gm cc tuyn tn s tn hiu, cc ng iu khin khng ch, gii thiu mt s mch c tnh tiu biu... c th phn tch mch nguyn l cng nh chy ng tn hiu trn s nguyn l FT-70GH, cn phi vn dng tng hp cc kin thc c s, c bit phi nm c nguyn l hot ng ca thit b trn s khi. 2.1. NG TN HIU THU TRN S NGUYN L 2.1.1. Cc mch tn hiu ng thu a. ng tn hiu thu chung Xem s u ni (Interconnection Diagram): Tn hiu thu nhn c t anten J03 n J05 ca (LPF unit). Xem s nguyn l LPF unit Tn hiu t J05 n tip im tnh ca r le thu - pht, mch bo v u vo my thu (D05, PL01), mch lc tn thp (L17, L18, C65, C66), ra chn s 1 ca J06 ri n chn s 2 ca J02 (khi RF/IF unit) Xem s nguyn l RF/IF unit T chn s 2 ca J02, tn hiu thu qua it chuyn mch thu (CMT) D01, qua 1 trong 8 b lc di ty theo tn s tn hiu (lnh chuyn 1 trong 8 cc b lc di nh ni t ca J01 cp t khi REG - CTRL unit, iu khin cp it chuyn mch b lc BPF D02 D17, qua CMT D18 n tng khuch i cao tn Catscot Rx RF AMP (Q01, Q02). Tn hiu sau Rx RF AMP, qua CMT D19 n b trn tn 1 thu (1st MIXER - D21) cng vi tn hiu dao ng ti ch th nht (47,055 77,0549 MHz). Tn hiu ny ng vai tr ngoi sai 1 tuyn thu t J22 qua 3 tng khuch i m Q17, Q18, Q19 n b trn ny. Tn hiu sau trn qua CMT D23, D24, b lc thch anh XF01, CMT D27 n cc gc th nht ca b trn tn 2 thu (2nd MIXER - Q03). n cc gc th 2 (Q03) l tn hiu dao ng ti ch th hai 36,355 MHz c cp t J16 sau khi qua bin p T21 (c im o kim tra TP04), qua CMT D26. 23

Hnh 2-1: Mch chn b lc BPF Sau trn tn 2, tn hiu qua mch cng dp nhiu xung NB gm D30, D31, D32, qua CMT D33 n 1 trong 2 b lc USB hay LSB (nh CML D34 D39 c iu khin nh tn hiu t J03), qua CMT D41 ti cc cc gc th nht ca 3 tng khuch i trung gian IF, AMP dng bn dn trng Q05 Q07 (c m do cc chn cc ngun S c ni t qua Q08). n y tuyn thu chung cc dng tn hiu kt thc. b. ng thu tn hiu n bin SSB, CW Tn hiu t th cp bin p T13 (Q07) n b gii iu ch DEMOD (D46 D49) cng vi tn hiu sng mang 10,7 MHz c ly t 1 (J10) Cc CMT c nhc ti s ch c m trong ch thu nh in p Rx13,8V t chn s 3 (J09) qua khuch i m Q26 (c im o kim tra TP02), qua CMT D53. Ti y thc hin phch gia 2 tn hiu, kt qua cho ra tn hiu m tn ly trn ti phn p in tr R99, R100. Tn hiu m tn qua CMT tn hiu SSB, CW D50 n tn khuch i m Q14 ti lp li Emit n 4 (J07). 24

c. ng thu tn hiu iu bin A3H Tn hiu t ti bin p T13 (Q07) qua t C113, qua tng khuch i m Q09, n b tch sng AM v AGC D45. Tn hiu m tn trn ti phn p in tr R86, 88 qua tng khuch i m Q13 (m nh cp ngun A3H 8V t 2(J06), qua khuch i m Q14 n 4(J07) ging nh thu tn hiu SSB, CW. Xem s u ni (Interconnection Diagram) Tn hiu m tn chung cho tt c cc dng tn hiu thu t 4(J07) thuc khi RF/IF unit n 1(JP01) thuc khi VR unit, qua tng khuch i m Q01 n chit p iu chnh m lng AF GAIN nm sat-si my. T im gia ca chit p, quay tr li 3(JP01), 2(J07) khi RF/IF unit. Xem s nguyn l RF/IF unit Tn hiu t 2(J07) qua mch cng Squelch Q16 (Q16 ng khi c tn hiu hoc khng dng trit ro), qua in tr R119 n 2(J08) ri n 1(J09) thuc khi PLL unit. Xem s nguyn l PLL unit Tn hiu t 1(J09) n chn 1 ca IC khuch i cng sut m tn Q50. Tn hiu u ra n 1(J08) ri ra gic loa ngoi (EXT SP) hoc chn 5 gic cm t hp SP/MIC n loa (s u ni). 2.1.2. Cc mch nguyn l h tr cho tuyn thu Xem s nguyn l RF/IF unit a. Mch p nhiu xung (NB) Mch NB ch lm vic khi cng tc mt my NB a v v tr ON, khi chn 1 (J05) c ni t. Tn hiu trung gian thu ly sau b trn tn 2 thu a n cc b khuch i xung Q20 Q24, tch sng xung D52. Khi tn hiu sau tch sng ln hn 1.4V, Q04 m ra, D30, D32 ng li, D31 lm lch khung cng hng cm nhiu xung lt vo tuyn thu. Mt phn in p nn n Q25 l mch tr c tc dng l ch cho Q20 Q24 lm vic trong thi gian c xung nhiu. Khi ht thi gian c nhiu xung tc ng, t C182 np y, Q25 m ra kha (gim nhy) mch khuch i NB li.

25

a)

R140

R147

C178 C174 R149 C175 R151 C177 R153

R136

R135

R137

C166

R143

R138

R140

C169

C170

C171

C172

R141

R142

R144

R145

R152

R134

C165

R148

C181

R159

R160

b) Hnh 2-2: a - Dng nhiu xung khi khng v khi s dng mch NB b - Mch nguyn l NB b. Mch AGC, S-Meter Tn hiu trung gian thu c tch sng bi D43, D45 qua tng khuch i mt chiu AGC Q10 n: 26

R161

R154

C179

- nh thin cho cc gc th hai ca cc bn dn trng Q05, Q06 v Q07 ca trung tn 2 tuyn thu. - Qua khuch i mt chiu Q11 ti Emit, n: + nh thin cho Q02 - tng khuch i catscot u vo. + Chn 2 (Q32) - mch so snh trit ting ro SQL + Khuch i mt chiu Q12 ti Emit (chit p VR02), n chn 1(J04) ti ng h ch th cng tn hiu thu (S-Meter) c. Mch trit ting ro (SQL) Xem s hnh 2.3 di y m t tm tt nguyn l lm vic ca mch trit ting ro (Squelch). Mch SQL bao gm: Mch so snh 1/2 Q32, mch khuch i mt chiu Q15, mch cng Q16. in p so snh ban u c t n chn 4 (chn o) ca b so snh nh thin p dng t ngun 8V thng qua phn p in tr c nh v chit p SQL mt my. in p AGC ly t khuch i Q11 a n chn 3 (chn khng o ca b so snh).
+8V +13,8V R116 R114 J19
3 2 1

Tx13,8V

C150

R232 D64 R230 1 2 C240 R113 R112 Q15

D51 Q16

AF In

R115 4 3 Q32 5 R223

SQL

R119

C239 VR11

R231

C152 AF Out

T K AGC Q11

Hnh 2.3: Mch trit ting ro. Khi cha thu c tn hiu: UAGC < USQL (U3 < U4), in p ra ca b so snh chn 2(Q32) bng 0V dn n Q15 tt v Q16 thng. ng tn hiu m tn b ni t qua Q16 thng v chn khng cho tp m ra loa. Khi thu c tn hiu: UAGC > USQL (U3 > U4), in p ra ca b so snh chn 2(Q32) dng ln dn n Q15 thng v Q16 tt. ng tn hiu m tn c dn qua in tr R119 ra loa. Khi thit b chuyn sang ch pht, thin p bad ca Q16 c in p dng lm Q16 thng m bo chc chn kha u ra tuyn thu li. 27

2.2. NG TN HIU PHT TRN S NGUYN L 2.2.1. Cc mch ng tn hiu pht a. Mch pht tn hiu SSB Xem s u ni (Interconnection Diagram) Tn hiu t micro ti chn 8 gic SP/MIC n chn 2(J12) thuc khi RF/IF unit. Xem s nguyn l RF/IF unit Tn hiu micro t chn 2 (J12) n chit p VR04, khuch i Micro Q27, khuch i m Q28 chung ti lp li Emit vi Q29 (Q27, 28 m trong ch thoi nh c in p dng MIC 8V cp t 1 (J11), n b trn tn iu ch cn bng BAL MOD (D61). Cng n BAL MOD cn c tn hiu dao ng chun sng mang 10,7 MHz t khuch i m Q26 qua it chuyn m ch pht (CMP) D64 a n. Sn phm 2 bin tn sau BAL MOD t bin p T18, qua CMP D58, 59, qua CML n bin D34 D39 (dng chung vi tuyn thu), tn hiu 1 bin tn (n bin) qua CMP D40 n cc gc th nht tng khuch i trung gian pht th nht Tx IF Q30 (cc gc th 2 ca Q30 do ng ALC1 khng ch t 2(J14). Sau TxIF, tn hiu n bin n cc gc th nht tng trn tn pht th nht Tx MIX Q31. Cc gc th 2 ca Q31 c tn hiu dao ng ti ch th 2 (36,355 MHz) qua CMP D63 a n. Sau Tx MIX, tn hiu n bin trung gian 2 pht ly t th cp bin p T21, qua CMP D25, qua b lc thch anh XF01 (dng chung vi tuyn thu), qua CMP D26 n cc gc th nht tng khuch i trung gian 2 tuyn pht Tx2nd IF Q33 (cc gc th 2 ca Q33 do ng ALC2 khng ch t 2(J20). Tip tc tn hiu t bin p T22 (Q33) qua CMP D22 n b trn tn pht th hai 1st MIXER D21 (dng chung vi thu) cng vi tn hiu dao ng ti ch th nht. Sau trn tn, tn hiu c nng ln tuyn tn s cng tc qua CMP D20 n 2 tng khuch i cao tn pht Tx RF Q34,35 (cc E ca Q34 c ni t chung qua Q44 thng). Tn hiu t ti Emit ca Q35, qua CMP D65, qua 1 trong 8 b lc di (dng chung vi thu) nh cp CML D02 D17, qua CMP D66 n tng Tx RF Q36 (cc E ca Q36 cng c ni t chung qua Q44 thng). Ti ca Q36 l khuch i bin p di rng T24, tn hiu cao tn pht qua mch suy gim phi hp tr khng vo ca tng tip theo (R260, 261, 262) ra chn 2(J21) sang J01 ca khi PA unit. 28

Xem s nguyn l khi khuch i cng sut (PA unit) hnh 2-4 (tham kho s nguyn l khi khuch i cng sut ca FT-70G/F) Ti khi khuch i cng sut, tn hiu t J01 qua mch suy gim phi hp tr khng ra ca tng trc trong khi RF/IF unit (R01, R02, R03), qua bin p di rng T01 v c khuch i bi 2 tng khuch i y ko bin p tip theo Q01, Q02 v Q03, Q04. (i vi khi khuch i cng sut ca FT70GH do cng sut pht ln hn nn khi ny cn c thm tng kch n dng bn dn 2SC1971 v cc cp 2 x 2SC2509 v 2 x 2SC2879).

Hnh 2-4: S nguyn l ca khi khuch i cng sut FT-70G/F Thin p bad v colect ca tng tin khuch i cng sut (driver) Q01, Q02 c khng ch bi ng Tx 13,8V (chn 5-J03). Thin p bad ca tng khuch i CS (RF PA) Q03,04 cng c khng ch bi ng Tx 13,8V thng qua mch n p Q05 v Q06. Thin p colect c cp trc tip t ng 13,8V (chn 1,2 - J03). C 2 tng trn u s dng mch hi tip m gia chn B vc C nhm n nh im cng tc v chng t kch. Tn hiu cao tn sau khi c khuch i v mt cng sut c a ra u ra J02 sang khi lc tn thp LPF unit. Xem s nguyn l LPF unit hnh 2-5.

29

Hnh 2-5: S nguyn l khi LPF unit

30

Tn hiu t gic Tx PA IN c a qua 1 trong 8 b lc tn thp ty theo tn s lm vic. Vic la chn cc b lc LPF trong ch pht nh tn hiu ni t ly t J01, J02 v bn dn Q01 thng qua tip im ca cc cp rle RL01,02 RL13,14 y l nhng rle c kh cao tn c s dng khi tn hiu ln nhm trnh xuyn nhiu, suy gim tn hiu gia cc b lc LPF. u vo v u ra khng s dng c ni t qua tip im tnh ca rle trnh suy gim tn hiu cao tn. Sau b lc tn thp, tn hiu cao tn qua tip im ng ca r le thupht, ra gic J05 n tr anten. in p 13,8 V (chn 5-J04) cp cho cc rle c kh cao tn trn (gm cc rle chuyn mch b lc LPF RL01,02 RL13,14; rle thu-pht RL16) nh tn hiu in p iu khin T-R RLY (chn 1-J03) khng ch bn dn kho Q01. b. Mch pht tn hiu CW, TUNER Trong ch ny, v c bn ging nh ng pht tn hiu SSB, nhng khc ch: thay v cho tn hiu thoi ly t micro th li s dng b dao ng tone 1,5 kHz thc hin trn 1/2IC Q32 (chn 6,7,8,9 - AN6551), (Xem s nguyn l RF/IF unit). Tone ny c chia thnh 2 ng: - ng 1 ly trn ti in tr R220 (c khng ch bi mch cng Q41 - trng thi tt), qua khuch i m Q29 (c m nh in p TUNE 8V ly t 3 (J11) n b iu ch cn bng. - ng 2 ly trn ti in tr R217 (c khng ch bi mch cng Q43 - trng thi tt), ra 2(J08) n b khuch i cng sut m tn thu nghe kim tra. c. Mch pht tn hiu H3E Trong ch ny, v c bn cng ging nh ng pht tn hiu SSB, nhng khc ch (xem hnh 2.5): ti b trn tn pht ln th nht (Q31), mt phn tn hiu dao ng chun sng mang 10,7 MHz t khuch i m sng mang (Q26) c a thm vo nh it D54 m trong ch pht v it D55, D56 thng yu do c in p dng Tx A3H 8V chn 4(J09). Trong cc ch khc, catt ca it D55, D56 c t mt in p dng t ngun 13,8V thng qua phn p in tr lm cho cc it ny c kha chc chn li khng cho sng mang i qua.

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Tx A3H 8V n DEMOD thu Trn tn pht Q31 R170 R177 C225 D57 D56 R174 R175 R176 R173 R172 D55 C193 L65 C195 R171 C194 D54 R167
C188

R169 R168

Rx 13,8V Tx 13,8V 13,8V

R165

R163 T dao ng sng mang 10,7 MHz C185 R164

L64

L63 TP02 D53

Q26

R166

Hnh 2.5: Mch khng ch sng mang. 2.2.2. Cc mch nguyn l h tr cho tuyn pht a. Mch ALC Nh c m t qua v chc nng v nguyn l hot ng trn s khi chng 2, mch ALC y s bao gm cc mch ghp, tch sng 1 phn sng ti, khuch i (nm trn khi LPF unit) v a ti khng ch thin p ca cc tng khuch i trung tn pht (nm trn khi RF/IF unit). Mch ghp v tch sng ti bao gm: bin p T01, it tch sng D02,04, t C61 v ti tch sng R05, C63. i vi tn hiu SSB v CW, tn hiu sng ti sau tch sng c khuch i 1 chiu bi bn dn Q02 v Q03, sau a ti chn 3(J10), n chn 3 (JP03) (nm trn khi MODE SW unit), sang chn 2(JP01, 02) v n chn 2 (J14, 20) (nm trn khi RF/IF Unit) ti cc gc iu chnh thin p cho 2 tng khuch i trung tn pht Q30 v Q33. i vi tn hiu A3H, tn hiu sng ti sau tch sng c khuch i 1 chiu bi 1/2 IC Q06. Ti u ra chn 8(Q06), tn hiu qua mch khng ch Q07 (c iu khin bi in p Rx 8V chn 3(J04)), khuch i bi Q08, 09 ti chn 1(J10) sau n chn 1(JP03) (nm trn khi MODE SW unit) sang chn 2(JP01) v n chn 2(20) (nm trn khi RF/IF unit) ti cc gc iu chnh thin p cho mt tng khuch i trung tn pht Q33. Cng li dng mch ALC, tuyn pht ca FT-70GH cng ging nh nhiu thit b khc cn c s dng chn mc cng sut pht. FT-70GH ch c 2 mc pht HI v LOW. in p 8V c chuyn mch chn cng sut pht S01 (nm trn khi SW unit) a ti chn 2 hoc 3(J06) n chn 2 hoc 3(J08) 32

(nm trn khi LPF unit), qua cc chit p iu chnh VCT01-04 ti cp cc mc in p cho cc tng khuch i 1 chiu trong ng ALC Q02 v Q08. b. Mch APC Mch t ng bo v APC cng s dng ng ALC ni trn iu chnh t ng gim cng sut pht khi c du hiu mt phi hp tr khng anten. Tn hiu sng phn x c ly t mch tch sng sng phn x (T01, D01, D03, C60, C62 v R04) a n cc khuch i 1 chiu Q05 v 1/2 IC cn li Q06 ti khng ch ng khuch i ca mch ALC Q03 v na kia ca Q06 ty theo tng ch cng tc s dng. Khi sng phn x qu ln, mch APC cn c a ti mch bo cnh v thm ch cn ngn chn khng cho php hot ng pht. Q05 ni trn s ng hon ton khi sng phn x ln dn ti Q04 thng, chn 1 (J09) c ni t qua Q04. iu cng c ngha l chn 2 (J21) v 1(J20) (nm trn khi REGCNTL unit) cng c ni t, LED bo CAUTION mt my sng .

33

Chng 3
C IM S DNG

3.1. GII THIU CHC NNG TC DNG CC NM NT 3.1.1. My chnh FT-70GH

Hnh 3-1: Mt trc my thu pht FT-70GH. (1) Chuyn mch POWER v ch th. Chuyn mch tt v m ngun cho my thu pht. n bo s sng khi m ngun. (2) Gic SP/MIC Gic 8 chn ni t hp ng ni - tai nghe. (3) Chuyn mch LAMP Khi n v gi xung, chuyn mch ny s m n chiu sng bn trong ng h ch th nu dng accu FNB-70. Chuyn mch ny s t ng v v tr tt khi khng gi xung. Trng hp my thu pht c cp ngun khc th n ng h lun lun sng. (4) Gic KEY Gic ny c kch c 1/4 inch, dng cm phch cm manip s dng trong ch pht bo. 34

(5) Chuyn mch TUNE Chuyn mch ny c n v gi xung khi kim tra my pht cng nh khi iu chnh cng hng mch anten. (6) Chuyn mch la chn MODE. La chn cc ch cng tc cho my thu v my pht bao gm: LSB, USB, A3H, v CW. (7) Nm SQUELCH t mc trit ting ro khi khng c tn hiu u vo my thu. (8) Nm AF GAIN t mc m lng tn hiu thu cho ra loa hoc t hp. (9) Nm CLARIFIER Cho php vi chnh tn s thu trong gii hn 300 Hz. (10) Tr GROUND Tr ni tip t cho my. (11) n ch th CAUTION n sng khi my pht c vn nh: ngoi di tn s pht hay mt phi hp vi anten. Ngoi ra n cn sng khi mch tng hp tn s c vn . (12) Gic ANTENNA Ni gic ny ti gic RF IN ca hp iu chnh cng hng anten FC70M thng qua cp ng trc 50 Om. (13) Chuyn mch phm n. Thc hin t tn s cng tc: t 2 30 MHz (020000 299999) cho my pht hoc t 0,5 30 MHz (005000 299999) cho my thu. (14) ng h ch th v chuyn mch S/PO - BATT. Nu chuyn mch v tr S/PO, ng h s ch th cng tn hiu thu nhn c (trong ch thu) hoc mc cng sut pht ra (trong ch pht). Nu chuyn mch v tr BATT, ng h s ch th ngun nui cung cp. (15) Chuyn mch NB Khi mch NB m cho php ngn chn khng cho nhiu xung tc ng vo tuyn thu. Khi khng cn thit nn v tr tt. (16) Chuyn mch HIGH/LOW

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La chn cng sut pht ra cao hay l thp. HIGH - Cng sut pht ra cao; LOW - cng sut pht ra nh. 3.1.2. Khi iu chnh cng hng anten FC-70M

Hnh 3-2: Mt trc khi iu chnh cng hng anten FC-70M. (1) Nm LOAD Nm ny cng vi chuyn mch la chn BAND v nm iu chnh TUNE thc hin phi hp tr khng ca anten vi my pht. (2) Chuyn mch la chn BAND Chuyn mch la chn ny gm 12 v tr c t v tr tng ng vi di tn s cng tc trc khi iu chnh nm LOAD v TUNE. V tr THROUGH thc hin ni trc tip my pht ti anten. Nm ny khng c thay i khi ang pht. (3) Nm TUNE Nm ny cng vi chuyn mch la chn BAND v nm iu chnh LOAD thc hin phi hp tr khng ca anten vi my pht. (4) Gic RF IN Ni gic ny ti gic ANTENNA ca my thu pht FT - 70GH thng qua cp ng trc 50 Om. (5) Tr GROUND Tr ny dng ni dy i trng 8m khi s dng anten cn YA-70 hoc ni t nu c th c. (6) Tr ANTENNA

36

Ni cp ng trc di 1,5m vi tr ny ti anten cn YA-70 hoc ni anten dy. 3.2. CNG TC CHUN B 3.2.1. u ni cc thit b vi nhau Cng vic bao gm: - Dng cp ng trc ni gic ANTENNA ca my thu pht FT-70GH vi gic RF IN ca khi iu chnh cng hng anten FC-70M. - u ni anten cn hoc anten dy ti tr ANTENNA ca FC-70M. Ch khi dng anten cn s dng cc t anten cho ph hp di tn s. - u dy i trng hoc tip t ti tr GROUND ca c 2 khi FT-70GH v FC-70M nu c th thc hin c. - Cp ngun cho my c th l FNB-70 hay ngun i in NC-70 (hoc ngun tng ng 13,8 VDC/20A). 3.2.2. B tr cc nm nt trc khi cp ngun cho my Ti FT-70GH: - POWER - MODE - SQUELCH h -AF GAIN -CLARIFIER -HIGH-LOW -NB -S/PO-BATT Ti FC-70M: -BAND -LOAD -TUNE : v tr di tn s d nh lm vic. : v tr gia 4 v 5 trn thang chia. : v tr gia 4 v 5 trn thang chia. : tn cng bn tri theo ngc chiu kim ng h : v tr gia trung tm (v tr 12 gi). : LOW (v tr di). : OFF (v tr di). : BATT (v tr di). : v tr OFF. : theo yu cu s dng. : tn cng bn tri theo ngc chiu kim ng

-t tn s d nh lm vic.

3.2.3. M ngun cp cho my

37

POWER v tr m (v tr trn), quan st ng h ch th kim tra in p ngun, kim ng h phi nm trong gii hn vch xanh - Vcc. Vic quan st ny gip cho bit kh nng cung cp ca ngun nui, c bit l khi dng accu. Thc hin quan st thm k c khi thit b ang tin hnh pht kim tra xem c st p nh khi pht hay khng, iu cng khng nh c cng sut ra anten. 3.3. CC THAO TC S DNG C BN 3.3.1. Hot ng thu - Xoay nm AF GAIN theo chiu kim ng h cho ti khi nghe ting tp m (hoc tn hiu) loa va mc tai nghe. a chuyn mch S/PO-BATT v v tr S/PO. - iu chnh cng hng anten: xem m t phn hot ng pht 3.3.2. - iu chnh trit ting ro (Squelch): sau khi iu chnh cng hng anten nghe c tp m (hoc tn hiu) ln nht, v khi ch nghe c tp m lc xoay nm SQUELCH theo chiu kim ng h v dng li ti im m lc loa im lng. Khi tn hiu xut hin ln hn mc tp m, khi nghe c tn hiu loa. Dng ch ny c li l tit kim c dng tiu th ca accu nhng nhy my thu b gim. V vy phi ch ch dng khi tn hiu thu nhn c khe. Khi chuyn tn s lm vic hoc khi thu c tn hiu yu cn xoay nm SQUELCH theo ngc chiu kim ng h tn cng bn tri, sau chn li mc ngng kho tp m nh trn hoc khng cn dng na. - Vi chnh tn s thu (Clarifier). Trong trng hp nghe khng r tn hiu c th vi chnh tn s thu nh vic xoay nm CLARIFIER sang hai bn chn im r nht. Lu rng khi s dng bnh thng, nm ny lun lun t v tr gia. - Trit nhiu xung (NB). Khi c nhiu xung tc ng vo tuyn thu, c th s dng mch dp nhiu xung bng cch a chuyn mch NB v v tr pha trn. Mch ny cng c th gy mo tn hiu nn khi khng cn thit nn v tr tt. 3.3.2. Hot ng pht - Ch : khng c pht khng khng c anten, cn phi kim tra vic u ni trc khi pht. Trc khi iu chnh cng hng mch anten, kim tra li v tr cc nm nt cn thit: HIGH-LOW v tr LOW, MODE v tr CW hoc USB 38

 iu chnh cng hng chnh xc; S/PO-BATT v tr S/PO quan st cng sut ra khi iu chnh. - iu chnh cng hng mch anten: + Mi ln iu chnh n v gi chuyn mch TUNE my FT-70GH xung (mi ln khng qu 30s). + iu chnh lp i lp li cc nm LOAD v TUNE trn khi FC-70M, quan st ng h ch th chn im ch th cc i. Nu iu chnh sai lch ln n CAUTION di gic ANTENNA ca my FT-70GH s sng. Khi iu chnh ng n CAUTION tt v kim ng h ch cc i. + iu chnh xong, nh chuyn mch TUNE my FT-70GH ra. - Nu cn thit c th a chuyn mch la chn MODE v v tr lm vic, chn cng sut HIGH-LOW cho ph hp. - Khng ch pht thoi (LSB, USB, A3H) dng cng tc PTT t hp microloa, pht bo (CW) dng manip cm gic KEY mt my.

39