PROCEDURE No.

HED-HZW-INS-P-032

REV No.

R0

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LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED

HED HAZIRA WORKS Quality Control & Inspection

Procedure for Establishing Axis Alignment Of Shell Sections

0 REV. NO.

First Issue REVISION DETAILS

01-10-03 DATE

SBB PREP. BY

PDL APPR. BY

This document is the property of Larsen & Toubro Limited and must not be copied or lent without their permission in writing.

PROCEDURE No

HED-HZW-INS-P-032

REV. No.

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Axis Alignment of Shell Sections 1. Scope: Cylindrical and conical sections of Columns, Towers, Pressure Vessels and heat exchangers are manufactured by rolling and welding the plates to individual shell courses. Two or more shell courses are welded together to form sections. This procedure covers method of establishing axis alignment of shell sections with more than one shell course welded together. For the purpose this procedure, shell course includes rolled cylindrical shells, forged shells, pipes, cones and expansion bellows. The procedure is applicable only when the assemblies are feasible to rotate on a tank rotator. Whenever an assembly is not possible to rotate on its axis on account of its size and weight, the standard HED-HZW-INSP-033 shall be used for checking the axis alignment. All shell sections manufactured in Shop & LEMF shall be checked by this method, unless a different method is recommended by customer specification. 2. Axis of Sections: When two or more shell courses are welded together, central axis of each individual shell shall align with the adjacent shells within the tolerance specified by the equipment drawing or tolerance chart. The procedure stated below elaborates method to establish the extent of deviation from the best-fit axis. The procedure takes two orientations perpendicular to each other (0-180 & 90270) in to consideration for deriving the best-fit axis of the section in consideration. 3. Tools and accessories: The following tools and accessories shall be made available. Plumb bobs Measuring tape Twines Scale

4. Arrangements and Preparations: The following arrangements and preparations shall be made 4.1 Keep the shell section on a tank rotator as shown in the sketch in ANNEXURE 1. 4.2 Level the shell orientation vertically / horizontally by rotating the section on its axis 4.3 Provide plumb lines as shown in the sketch by hanging a single twine over the cylindrical sections. 4.4 Stretch two twines on both sides of the section as shown in the sketch. They shall be precisely parallel to each other and approximately horizontal. 5. Measurements And Tabulation Of Readings: The readings of perpendicular distance from the plumb line to horizontal twine shall be measured and recorded at the locations specified in the tables below. The readings shall be recorded twice by keeping the section in two different orientations as shown below.
This document is the property of Larsen & Toubro Limited and must not be copied or lent without their permission in writing.

PROCEDURE No

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Axis Alignment of Shell Sections 4.5 When 0 and 180 orientation lines in horizontal plane (Table 1). 4.6 When 90 and 270 orientation lines in horizontal plane. ( Table 2 ) Half the difference of two readings in a particular location shall be recorded in the last column of both the tables. The difference shall be recorded with the positive or negation sign.

Table 1 (0 and 180 lines horizontal) Twine to plumb distance in mm Location of reading Z1(0 side) Z2(180 side) A0 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E0 Table 2 (90 and 270 lines horizontal) Twine to plumb distance in mm Location of reading Z1(0 side) Z2(180 side) A0 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E0

Half the difference of reading (Z1-Z2 /2); + or - in mm

Half the difference of reading (Z1-Z2 /2); + or in mm

6. Plotting The Points To Derive The Alignment: Plot all the points of half the difference of reading recorded in the last column in a graph paper with a suitable scale as shown in the sketch in ANNEXURE 2. The positive or negative sign of the number shall be taken in to consideration while plotting the points on Y-axis of the graph paper. The distance between two readings shall be on X-axis. 7. Alignment Check: Connect all the points plotted on the graph paper with straight lines. This will be the graphical representation of the axis in that particular orientation. Place a bestfit straight line in the cluster of points as shown in the sketch. Find the point with maximum distance from the line. The figure is the maximum out of alignment to be considered in that particular orientation. Repeat the same for the other orientation and derive the maximum out of alignment.
This document is the property of Larsen & Toubro Limited and must not be copied or lent without their permission in writing.

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REV. No.

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Axis Alignment of Shell Sections

ANNEXURE 1

Staff
E0- Z1

Shell Section
E0- Z2

E0 D2

D2- Z1 D1- Z1

D2- Z2 D1- Z2

D1 C2
C2- Z1 C1- Z1

Plumb
C2- Z2 C1- Z2

C1 B2 B1

B2- Z1 B1- Z1

B2- Z2 B1- Z2

A0- Z1

A0- Z2

A0

Twine Parallel Staff 90

0 Z1 Plumb

180 Z2 Staff

This document is the property of Larsen & Toubro Limited and 270 must not be copied or lent without their permission in writing.

PROCEDURE No

HED-HZW-INS-P-032

REV. No.

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Page 5 of 5

Axis Alignment of Shell Sections

ANNEXURE 2
Y AXIS IN 0 - 180 ORIENTATION

Best Fit Axis

A0

0 . B1& B2 . C1 &C2

D1 &D2 .

X E0

MAX. MISALIGNMENT IN 0 - 180 AXIS

AXIS IN 90 - 270 ORIENTATION

D1&D2 C1&C2 Best Fit Axis

E0 X

A0

B1&B2

MAX.MISALIGNMENT IN 90 - 270 AXIS

This document is the property of Larsen & Toubro Limited and must not be copied or lent without their permission in writing.