DEPARTMENTOFAPPLIEDMECHANICS

INDIANINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY
AM2200:StrengthofMaterials
Tutorial5Solutions
(Topic:Torsion)

1. The solid cylindrical shaft of variable size as shown in mm on the figure 1 is acted upon by
the torques indicated. What is the maximum torsional stress in the shaft? Between which two
pulleys does it occur?

Fig: 1
Sol:PassingasectionthroughshaftbetweenA&B,
Mx=0
55NmTAB=0
55

SimilarlytakingsectionsonBC,CD&DEwecanfindtorqueactingontheseportions,
TorqueonBC,TBC=88055=825Nm
TorqueonCD,TCD=825275=550Nm
TorqueonDE,TDE=660550=100Nm

PolarMomentsofinertia,
(Ip)AB= x
x25 38349.5mm4
(Ip)BC= x

817477.0mm4

(Ip)CD= x

310631.095 mm4

(Ip)CD=(Ip)DE(SincediameterofshaftissamealongthesectionCD&DE)

Shearstressineachsectioncanbefoundbyusingtherelationship

WhereistheshearstressinN/mm2
TisappliedtwistingmomentalongthesectioninNmm
Risradiusofshaftinmm
Ipisthepolarmomentofinertiainmm4

ShearStressonAB,
AB=

=
=

17.92N/mm2

(SimplifiedEquationtoget)

BC=

=4.2N/mm2

CD=

=6.63N/mm2

DE=

=1.32N/mm2

ThemaxtorsionalShearstressisalongthesectionABandthevalueismax=17.92N/mm2

2. A 20-m
mm round sh
haft 500 mm
m long is buiilt in at one end is subjeected to a torrque T at thee free
end, as
a shown in figure 2.If a linear gauuge placed on
o the surfacce at 45 wiith the horizzontal
reads a strain of 410
4
-3 mm/m
mm when thee torque is applied,
a
what would be the
t angle of twist
of the shaft? (Let E = 180GPaa and G = 70GPa)

Fig:2

So
ol:Giventhaat, D=20
0mm=0.02
2m

L=50
00mm=0.5m

Stainggauge=4x10 mm/mm

E=18
80Gpa,G=7
70Gpa, =??
Showthaatthestrainmeasuredb
bystraingau
ugecanbeexpressedas
2
2
os 1+ ysin 1+xycos 1sin 1
1= xco

dtotorsioniitwillhavesshearstressonly,i.e.,no
ormalstrainwillbezero,,so
Forashaaftsubjected
=
=0
0
x
y
o
o
3
1=xySiin45 xCos45 =4x10
3
=xy=8x10
xy=Gxxy=70x8xx103=0.56Gpa

=
=

=22.91o

3. The solid 50-mm-diameter steel line shaft shown in figure is driven by a 40-kW motor at 3-Hz
(a) Find the maximum torsional stresses in sections AB, BC, CD and DE of the shaft
(b) Determine the total angle of twist between A and E.
(Let G=84Gpa)

Fig: 3

Sol:Givend=diameterofshaft=50mm
G=84GPa

Assumingthatthereisnopowerlossbythemotor,whenittransmitpowertogearC.
PowerofgearC=40kW

WeknowP=T.w
Where,T=TorqueinNm,fisfrequencyinHz

W=angularvelocityinrad/sec=2f

P=PowerinWatts

Calculatingtorquesatdifferentpoints,
B=PB/w=

=265.2Nm

C=PC/w=

=2122.06Nm

D=

=1326.29Nm

E=

=530.51Nm

Takingasectionthroughshaftb/wA&BandapplyingT=0weget,


TAB=0(Takingsectionfromleftend,notorqueapplyfromAtoB)
TBC=265.2Nm
TCD=TCTB=2122.06265.2Nm=1856.86Nm
TDE=TE=530.51Nm

Stressinsections:
SectionAB, AB=0
SectionBC, BC=TBCxRBC/IP= =16x265.2/
0.05 =10.8MPa
SectionCD,

CD=

=75.65MPa

SectionDE, DE= =21.6MPa

AE=AngleoftwistbetweenA&E
.
.
=
.

=0.293rad=16.8077o

4. Consider the same elastic stepped circular bar shown in the two alternative figures 4(a) and
4(b). Using the force method, determine the angle of twist ab at a caused by the application

of a unnit of torquee at b, and show that it is equal to

appliccation of a un
nit of torque at a .Let (IIP)1= 3 (IP)2

ba

, the

anglee of twist at b caused by

b the

Fig: 4

SSol:Sincethebarisstatiicallyindeterminate,forrcemethodsscanbeused
dtogetreacctions.

willremoveo
oneofthesu
upportssothatthebarb
becomesstaatically
ForceMeethod:Wew
determin
nate.Thenfindtheangleeoftwist aatthefreeeend.(Pointw
wherereactio
onisremoveed)
Nextfind
dwhatisthe
etorquerequiredatthattpointinord
dertocameatwist ,so
othatthetottal
twistatrreactionisze
ero.

Herecon
nsideringfigu
ure2,
FirstfindingTdbyrem
movingfixed
dconstrainaatd,
dc=anglleoftwistattdwithresspecttoc

dc=
SincegiventorqueissunityT=1Nm

dc=

But(IP)1=3(I
=
P)2

Nowfind
dingwhatvalueoftorqu
uerequiredaatdinordertocausetw
wistof

4/9=T/9
9+2T/3
T=4/7

orqueatDfforaunittorrsionalmomentappliedatB
Thisisthereactionto
Nm,Tc=TbTd=14//7=3/7Nm
m
Td=4/7N

Variation
noftorsionalmomentalongthebeaamlength.

withrespectttob
Angleoftwistataw

dc

ab=

(1)

Considerringsecondccase,Torqueet=1applieedata.
Similarto
ofig2wecaandrawwheenreactionaatdisremovved
dc=

Findthevalueoftorq
queatdtoccauseatwistt

dc

9+2xT/3
1/9=T/9
Td=1/7N
Nm
TC=11//7=6/7Nm
m

Angleoftwistatbd
duetounitttorqueata is,
ba=

Comparin
ngequations1&2,
ab= ba

Henceprrovedtheresult

(2)

5. A torque T = 750 N-m is applied to the hollow shaft shown in figure 5.The hollow shaft has as
uniform wall thickness of 8 mm. Neglecting the effect of stress concentration. Find the
shearing stresses at points a and b.

Fig: 5

Sol:Giventhat, t=8mm=0.008m

T=750Nm=750x103Nmm

Foraclosedsection,T=2xQxA

Where,TisappliedtorqueinNm

Q=isshearflow=shearstressxthicknessofthesection

Aisareaenclosedbythinclosedsection

HereA=x41x82sin60o+x41x82sin60o(takingthemeanthicknesssection)

A=2911.57mm2
T=2QA=2xxtxA
=T/(2xtxA)
=750x103/2x8x2911.57=16.099N/mm2
=16.099Mpa