Phasor Circuit Analysis

Phasor Diagrams, Voltage and Current Division

Kevin D. Donohue, University of Kentucky

Phasor Diagram
Phasors are denoted by vectors in 2-D space. Phasor diagrams graphically illustrate the summation of complex values Consider the following summation of complex numbers resulting from setting up a KVL or KCL equation:
70 = 9 45 + 6.484.29 7 = 9 cos( 45 / 180) + j 9 sin( 45 / 180) + 6.4 cos( 84.29 / 180) + j 6.4 sin( 84.29 / 180) 7 = 6.36 j 6.36 + 0.64 + j 6.36

70

RE

6.484.29

IM

9 45
2

Kevin D. Donohue, University of Kentucky

Phasor Diagram Example

Draw Currents is, ir, il, ic in a phasor diagram to show is = ir + il + ic where is(t) = sin(1000t) A ir
1

is

ic
1mF

il
0.5mH

Kevin D. Donohue, University of Kentucky

Current Division
By substituting impedance in for resistance (or admittance for conductance), the current division formula can be generalize to:

I s
Z 1 Z 2

I k Z k

Y k

Z N

=I I k s 1 1 + +L+ Z Z 1 2

1 Z k

1 +L+ Z k

1 Z N

=I s

+Y +L+ Y +L+Y Y 1 2 k N

Kevin D. Donohue, University of Kentucky

Voltage Division
Z 1

By substituting impedance in for resistance, the voltage division formula can be generalize to:

Z 2

V s

+ V Z k k
. . .

. . .

=V V k s +L+ Z +L+ Z Z1 + Z 2 k N

Z k

Z N

Kevin D. Donohue, University of Kentucky

In-Phase and Out-of-Phase

Voltages and currents are considered in phase if the phase angle between their phasor quantities is zero, otherwise they are out of phase by and amount equal to their phase difference. Which quantities are in phase?
45 V 1 0 V 2 90 V 2 270 I 1 45 I 2 45 I 2

Kevin D. Donohue, University of Kentucky

Phase Lead and Phase Lab

Out of phase voltages and currents are considered to either lead or lag each other. If the phase of quantity 1 is subtracted from the phase of quantity 2 and the result is positive, then quantity 1 leads quantity 2 or equivalently quantity 2 lags quantity 1. Given
45 V 1

0 V 2
v1 and i1 v2 and i2 v3 and i3

90 V 3

270 I 1

45 I 2

45 I 3

Describe the phase difference between

Kevin D. Donohue, University of Kentucky

Eample
Find R such that the v1 leads i1 by 15 degrees, if v1 = cos(400t) V
20 i1 v1 312.5 F R

Show R = 15
Kevin D. Donohue, University of Kentucky 8