BONES ASSIGNMENT

P1 DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE

SKELETON AND HOW BONES GROW.

1. Describe the structure of the skeleton – this should take the form of an introduction
and must include the following:

The number of bones in the skeleton, appendicular and axial skeleton, joint classifications
(e.g fixed, slightly moveable and freely moveable) with an example of each type, how the
skeleton moves, ligaments

2. Label the skeleton with the following bones:

Skull, sternum, ribs, vertebral column, clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, pelvis,
femur, tibia, fibula, patella, carpals, metacarpals, tarsals, metatarsals, phlanges,

3. Describe the 5 functions of the skeleton e.g. protection, movement, blood production,
mineral storage, support

4. Describe the structure of bones and how bones grow, include a diagram to show this
and include the following key words;

Periosteum, cartilage, compact bone, spongy bone, growth plates, osteoclasts, osteoblasts

P2 IDENFIFY THE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON BONES AND

JOINTS

1. List the short and long term effects of exercise on the bones and joints
e.g. increase in bone density, improved posture, increased thickness of cartilage, greater
production of synovial fluid etc etc.

M1 IDENTIFY THE MOVEMENT OCCURING AT SYNOVIAL

JOINTS DURIN THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY

1. Include a diagram of a synovial joint fully labelled, must include the

following:

Cartilage, synovial fluid, synovial membrane, joint capsule, ligament, some

Bones if possible
2. Choose 3 different sporting actions, which involve different joint types
(not all hinge or all ball and socket) and identify the movement type
Occurring, include a diagram to help support your answer e.g.

Chest pass in basketball

Joint used – elbow. Joint type – hinge.
Movement created – Flexion when arm bent in preparation to pass, Extension when arm
is straightened to pass the ball.

http://www.bakerealty.com/images/chest%20pass.jpg
- referenced!!

Make sure you show a range of movement types including, Flexion,

Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Rotation, Circumduction.

M2 EXPLAIN THE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON

JOINTS AND BONES

1. this links to P1. What you have listed in P1 needs to be explained here.

e.g Increase in the thickness of cartilage at joints – this makes our joints
stronger and we are therefore less likely to suffer from a joint injury, such as
jarring.

REFERENCING
Any picture, any text you use, any information you get from a book must be referenced.
You need to reference this in your work as well as using the reference sheet provided,
just like I have with the picture above. If you are putting information from the web/book
etc into your own words that is fine it doesn’t need to be referenced, but if you quote a
sentence exactly from a book/web page it must be referenced in your work and on the
sheet. E.g

Ossification is the process of bone growth, in which cartilage turns into bone.
“ The process of ossification continues until we are fully grown. Near the ends of our
bones are areas which contain cartilage and are called growth plates” (Stafford-Brown,
Rea, Janaway & Manley 2006)