บัญชียาหลักแห่งชาติ

( )
.. 2556 7 .. 2556

1. Gastro-intestinal system
1.1 Antacids and other drugs for dyspepsia
1.2 Antispasmodics and other drugs altering gut motility
1.3 Ulcer-healing drugs and drugs used in variceal bleeding
1.4 Drugs used in acute diarrhea
1.5 Drugs used in chronic bowel disorders
1.6 Laxatives
1.7 Local preparations for anal and rectal disorders
1.8 Drugs affecting intestinal secretions
2. Cardiovascular system
2.1 Positive inotropic drugs
2.2 Diuretics
2.3 Anti-arrhythmic drugs
1
2.4 Beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs

2.5 Drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system and some other antihypertensive
drugs
2.5.1 Vasodilator antihypertensive drugs
2.5.2 Centrally acting antihypertensive drugs
2.5.3 Alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drugs
2.5.4 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
2.5.5 Angiotensin-II receptor antagonists
2.6 Nitrates, calcium-channel blockers and other vasodilators
2.6.1 Nitrates
2.6.2 Calcium-channel blockers
2.6.3 Other vasodilators
2.7 Sympathomimetics
2.7.1 Inotropic sympathomimetics
2.7.2 Vasoconstrictor sympathomimetics
2.7.3 Drugs used in cardiopulmonary resuscitation
2.8 Anticoagulants
2.9 Antiplatelet drugs
2.10 Fibrinolytic drugs
2.11 Haemostatics
2.12 Lipid-regulating drugs
3. Respiratory system
3.1 Bronchodilators
3.1.1 Adrenoceptor agonists
3.1.2 Compound antimuscarinic bronchodilators
3.1.3 Theophylline
3.2 Corticosteroids
3.3 Leukotriene receptor antagonists
3.4 Antihistamines
2
3.5 Pulmonary surfactants

3.6 Cough preparations
3.6.1 Cough suppressants
3.6.2 Expectorant and demulcent cough preparations
3.7 Systemic nasal decongestants
3.8 Other respiratory preparations
4. Central nervous system
4.1 Hypnotics and anxiolytics
4.2 Drugs used in psychoses and related disorders
4.2.1 Antipsychotic drugs
4.2.2 Antimanic drugs
4.3 Antidepressant drugs
4.4 Central nervous system stimulants
4.5 Drugs used in nausea and vertigo
4.5.1 Drugs used in nausea and vomiting
4.5.2 Drugs used in vestibular disorders
4.6 Analgesics and antipyretics
4.7 Analgesics
4.7.1 Opioid analgesics
4.7.2 Drugs for neuropathic pain
4.7.3 Antimigraine drugs
4.7.3.1 Drugs for acute migraine attack
4.7.3.2 Drugs used in the prophylaxis of migraine
4.8 Antiepileptics
4.8.1 Drugs used in the control of epilepsy
4.8.2 Drugs used in status epilepticus
4.9 Drugs used in movement disorders
4.10 Drugs used in substance dependence
3
4.10.1 Drugs used in alcohol dependence

4.10.2 Drugs used in smoking cessation
4.10.3 Drugs used in opioid dependence
5. Infections
5.1 Antibacterial drugs
5.1.1 Penicillins
5.1.2 Cephalosporins, cephamycins and other beta-lactams
5.1.3 Tetracyclines
5.1.4 Aminoglycosides
5.1.5 Macrolides
5.1.6 Quinolones
5.1.7 Some other antibacterials
5.1.8 Sulphonamides and trimethoprim
5.1.9 Antituberculous drugs
5.1.10 Antileprotic drugs
5.2 Antifungal drugs
5.3 Antiviral drugs
5.3.1 Non-antiretrovirals
5.3.2 Antiretrovirals
5.3.3 Viral hepatitis
5.4 Antiprotozoal drugs
5.4.1 Antimalarials
5.4.2 Other antiprotozoal drugs
5.5 Anthelmintics
5.6 Antiseptics
6. Endocrine system
6.1 Drugs used in diabetes
6.1.1 Insulins
6.1.2 Oral antidiabetic drugs
6.1.3 Treatment of hypoglycemia
6.2 Thyroid and antithyroid drugs
6.2.1 Thyroid hormones
4

6.2.2 Antithyroid drugs
6.3 Corticosteroids
6.4 Sex hormones
6.4.1 Female sex hormones
6.4.2 Male sex hormones and antagonists
6.5 Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones
6.5.1 Hypothalamic and anterior pituitary hormones
6.5.2 Posterior pituitary hormones and antagonists
6.6 Drugs affecting bone metabolism
6.7 Other endocrine drugs
6.7.1 Bromocriptine and other dopaminergic drugs
6.7.2 Drugs affecting gonadotrophins
7. Obstetrics, gynaecology and urinary-tract disorders
7.1 Drugs used in obstetrics
7.1.1 Prostaglandins, prostaglandins antagonists and oxytocics
7.1.2 Myometrial relaxants
7.2 Treatment of vaginal and vulval conditions
7.3 Contraceptives
7.4 Drugs for genito-urinary disorders
7.4.1 Drugs for benign prostatic hyperplasia
7.4.2 Drugs for urinary frequency enuresis, and incontinence
7.4.3 Drugs used in alkalinisation of urine
8. Malignant disease and immunosuppression
8.1 Cytotoxic drugs
8.1.1 Alkylating drugs
8.1.2 Cytotoxic antibiotics
8.1.3 Antimetabolites
8.1.4 Vinca alkaloids and etoposide
8.1.5 Other antineoplastic drugs
8.2 Drugs affecting the immune response
5
8.3 Sex hormones and hormone antagonists in malignant disease

8.3.1 Progestogens, anti-estrogens and enzyme inhibitors
8.3.2 Prostate cancer
9. Nutrition and blood
9.1 Whole blood, blood products and drugs used in some blood disorders
9.1.1 Whole blood and blood products
9.1.2 Drugs used in hypoplastic, haemolytic and renal anaemias
9.1.3 Drugs used in bone marrow transplantation
9.2 Fluids and electrolytes
9.3 Vitamins
9.4 Intravenous nutrition
9.5 Minerals
9.6 Vitamins and minerals for pregnancy and lactating mothers
9.7 Metabolic disorders
10. Musculoskeletal and joint diseases
10.1 Drugs used in rheumatic diseases and gout
10.1.1 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
10.1.2 Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
10.1.3 Drugs for treatment of gout and hyperuricaemia
10.2 Drugs used in neuromuscular disorders
10.2.1 Drugs which enhance neuromuscular transmission
10.2.2 Skeletal muscle relaxants
10.3 Drugs for relief of soft-tissue inflammation
10.3.1 Rubifacients
11. Eye
11.1 Anti-infective eye preparations
11.1.1 Antibacterials and eye wash solution
11.1.2 Antibacterials with corticosteroids
11.1.3 Antifungals
6
11.1.3 Antifungals
11.1.4 Antivirals
11.2 Corticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory preparations
11.3 Mydriatics and cycloplegics
11.4 Drugs for treatment of glaucoma
11.5 Local anaesthetics
11.6 Tear deficiency, ocular lubricants and astringents
11.7 Ocular diagnostic and peri-operative preparations and photodynamic
treament
12. Ear, nose, oropharynx and oral cavity
12.1 Drugs acting on the ear
12.1.1 Otitis externa & otitis media
12.1.2 Drug used in otomycosis
12.1.3 Other drugs acting on the ear
12.2 Drugs acting on the nose
12.2.1 Drugs used in nasal allergy
12.2.2 Topical nasal decongestants
12.3 Drugs acting on the oropharynx and oral cavity
12.3.1 Drugs used in treatment of oral ulcer
12.3.2 Oropharyngeal antifungal drugs
12.3.3 Antiseptics for root canal treatment
12.3.4 Drugs used in prevention and treatment of dental plaque and caries
12.3.5 Other dental preparations
13. Skin
13.1 Anti-infective skin preparations
13.1.1 Antibacterial preparations
13.1.2 Antifungal preparations
13.1.3 Parasiticidal preparations
13.2 Emollient and barrier preparations
13.3 Topical antipruritics
7
13.4 Topical corticosteroids

13.5 Other preparations for psoriasis (excluding topical corticosteroids)
13.6 Preparations for warts and calluses
14. Immunological products and vaccines
15. Anaesthesia
15.1 General anaesthesia
15.1.1 Intravenous anaesthetics
15.1.2 Inhalational anaesthetics
15.1.3 Muscle relaxants (Neuromuscular blocking drugs)
15.1.4 Sedative and analgesic peri-operative drugs
15.1.5 Anticholinesterases and antimuscarinic drugs used in anaesthesia
15.1.6 Drugs for malignant hyperthermia
15.2 Local anaesthesia
16. Antidotes
17. Contrast media and Radiopharmaceuticals
17.1 X - ray contrast media, iodinated
17.1.1 Drugs used in urography and computed tomography
17.1.2 Drugs used in angiography
17.1.3 Drugs used in myelography
17.1.4 Drugs used in cardiovascular catheterization
17.1.5 Drugs used in Intracavitary, Hysterosalpingography (HSG), Urethrography,
Voiding cysto-urethrography
17.2 X - ray contrast media, non - iodinated
17.3 Magnetic resonance imaging contrast media (MRI diagnostic agents)
17.4 Radiopharmaceuticals
1.1 Antacids and other drugs for dyspepsia
1. Aluminium hydroxide + Magnesium hydroxide
chewable tab, tab, susp, susp (hosp)
2. Simeticone (Simethicone)
chewable tab, susp
3. Aluminium hydroxide + Magnesium hydroxide + Simeticone 25-50 mg

chewable tab, tab
4. Compound Cardamom Mixture sodium bicarbonate (Mist Carminative)

mixt, mixt (hosp)

5. Aluminium hydroxide
chewable tab, tab, susp, susp (hosp)
1.2 Antispasmodics and other drugs altering gut motility

1. Dicycloverine hydrochloride (Dicyclomine hydrochloride)
tab
2. Domperidone
tab (as base/maleate), susp (as base/maleate)
3. Hyoscine butylbromide (Hyoscine-n-butylbromide)

tab, syr, sterile sol
4. Metoclopramide
5. Mebeverine hydrochloride
tab
1.3 Ulcer-healing drugs and drugs used in variceal bleeding

1. Omeprazole
EC cap (as base)
2. Ranitidine hydrochloride
film coated tab
3. Omeprazole sodium
sterile pwdr
4. Ranitidine hydrochloride
sterile sol
10
5. Pantoprazole sodium
sterile pwdr
6. Sucralfate
tab, susp

7. Bismuth subsalicylate
tab
1. second-line drug H.pyroli

2. 12
8. Lauromacrogol 400 (Polidocanol)
sterile sol

1. variceal bleeding endoscopy sclerotherapy
2. varicose vein hemorrhoid
11
9. Octreotide acetate
sterile sol ( 0.1 mg/ 1 ml )
1. high output pancreatic stula

2. variceal bleeding portal hypertensive
gastropathy therapeutic endoscopic intervention
1.4 Drugs used in acute diarrhea
12
1. Oral rehydration salts (ORS)

oral pwdr, oral pwdr (hosp)

- Sodium chloride 2.6 g
- Trisodium citrate dihydrate 2.9 g
- Potassium chloride 1.5 g
- Glucose 13.5 g
molar concentration
- Glucose 75 mEq
- Sodium 75 mEq
- Chloride 65 mEq
- Potassium 20 mEq
- Citrate 10 mmol
- Osmolarity 245 mOsm
13
2. Zinc sulfate
oral sol (hosp)
5
10-14

3. Loperamide hydrochloride
cap, tab
12

1.5 Drugs used in chronic bowel disorders

1. Sulfasalazine
tab, EC tab
chronic inammatory bowel disease
14
2. Mesalazine (Mesalamine)
EC tab , rectal supp
1. sulfasalazine

2. ulcerative colitis ( sigmoid rectum) radiation
proctitis
1.6 Laxatives
1. Bisacodyl
EC tab, rectal supp
2. Castor oil
oil
3. Glycerol
rectal supp
4. Senna
tab
5. Magnesium hydroxide
susp, susp (hosp)
15
6. Magnesium sulfate
mixt, mixt (hosp), sol, sol (hosp)
7. Sodium phosphates
enema
100 ml
- Sodium biphosphate 15.2-16.8 g
- Sodium phosphate 5.7-6.3 g
8. Lactulose
syr
hepatic encephalopathy chronic constipation 6

9. Macrogols with electrolytes (Polyethylene glycol, PEG)
oral pwdr (hosp)
16
10. Sodium phosphates

oral sol
5 ml
- Sodium biphosphate 0.9 g
- Sodium phosphate 2.4 g

1. 45 90 24
2.
3.
1.7 Local preparations for anal and rectal disorders

1. Local anesthetic + Corticosteroid with/without astringent
cream, oint, rectal supp
1
1.
2. 7
1.8 Drugs affecting intestinal secretions
17
1. Colestyramine (Cholestyramine)
oral pwdr
bile-acid diarrhea short bowel syndrome

2. Pancreatic enzymes
cap, tab , EC cap , EC tab
lipase activity 1,200 USP units/cap tab
pancreatic insufciency
3. Ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursodiol)
cap
cholestatic liver disease primary biliary cirrhosis, sclerosing cholangitis, biliary

atresia, neonatal hepatitis,chronic cholestasis TPN-induced cholestasis
18
2. Cardiovascular system
2.1 Positive inotropic drugs
1. Digoxin
tab, elixir, sterile sol
2. Milrinone lactate
sterile sol
1.
2. dopamine dobutamine advanced heart failure
3. advanced heart failure beta blocker
2.2 Diuretics
1. Furosemide
tab, sterile sol
2. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
tab
3. Mannitol
sterile sol
19
4. Spironolactone
tab
5. Amiloride hydrochloride + Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

tab ( 5 + 50 mg)
2.3 Anti-arrhythmic drugs

1. Adenosine
sterile sol
supraventricular arrhythmias
2. Atropine sulfate
sterile sol

symptomatic bradycardia
20
3. Lidocaine hydrochloride (preservative free)

sterile sol ( 1%,2%) / sterile sol (hosp)
ventricular arrhythmias
sterile sol
ventricular tachycardia refractory supraventricular tachyarrhythmias

5. Verapamil
sterile sol
supraventricular arrhythmias (SVT) atrial brillation (AF)

6. Amiodarone hydrochloride
tab, sterile sol
supraventricular, ventricular atrial arrhythmias
21
7. Flecainide acetate
tab

8. Propafenone hydrochloride
tab
1.
2. refractory supraventricular tachyarrhythmias
2.4 Beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs

1. Atenolol
tab
2. Metoprolol tartrate
immediate release tab
3. Propranolol hydrochloride
tab
22
4. Carvedilol
tab
systolic heart failure

5. Labetalol hydrochloride
sterile sol
hypertensive emergencies hydralazine

hydrochloride
2.5 Drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system and some other

antihypertensive drugs
2.5.1 Vasodilator antihypertensive drugs
23
1. Hydralazine hydrochloride
tab, sterile pwdr
hypertensive emergencies
hypertensive emergencies target organ damage (TOD) hypertensive encephalopathy,
acute pulmonary edema, eclampsia diastolic 120-130 mmHg

2. Sodium nitroprusside
sterile pwdr

hypertensive emergencies ( )
2.5.2 Centrally acting antihypertensive drugs
1. Methyldopa
tab

2.5.3 Alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drugs
24
1. Prazosin hydrochloride
tab
2. Doxazosin mesilate
2.5.4 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

1. Enalapril maleate
tab
2. Captopril
tab
hypertensive urgency
hypertensive emergencies
captopril
2 hypertensive urgency (severe elevated blood pressure) target
organ
damage (TOD) diastolic 120-130 mmHg
2.5.5 Angiotensin-II receptor antagonists
25
1. Losartan potassium
tab ( 50, 100 mg)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

2.6 Nitrates, calcium-channel blockers and other vasodilators

2.6.1 Nitrates
1. Glyceryl trinitrate
sterile sol
hypertensive emergencies coronary ischemia

2. Isosorbide dinitrate
tab, sublingual tab
3. Isosorbide mononitrate
tab
26

short-acting dihydropyridine ( nifedipine immediate release)
essential hypertension, hypertensive emergencies, hypertensive

urgency angina pectoris
1. Amlodipine besilate
tab
2. Diltiazem hydrochloride
slow release cap/tab ( 120 mg) controlled release
ischemic heart disease (IHD)

3. Verapamil hydrochloride
tab, SR tab ( 240 mg)

ischemic heart disease (IHD)
27
4. Diltiazem hydrochloride
ischemic heart disease (IHD) essential hypertension

5. Nicardipine hydrochloride
sterile sol
1. hypertensive emergencies
2. (alternative drug) sodium nitroprusside
glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin)
6. Nifedipine
SR cap/SR tab ( 20 mg)
1. methyldopa hydralazine
2. intractable Raynauds phenomenon
28
7. Nimodipine
tab, sterile sol

subarachnoid
hemorrhage
2.6.3 Other vasodilators
29
1. Sildenafil (as citrate)

tab
1. pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)

(CHD) systemic-to-pulmonary shunt idiopathic pulmonary arterial
hypertension (IPAH) PAH associated with connective tissue disease (CNTD)
2. WHO functional classication of PAH II
3.
2
4. 3
2
4.1 progressive right heart failure
4.2 WHO functional classication
4.3 6MWT 25%
4.4 Echocardiography right atrium right ventricle
, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) , RV dysfunction,
TAPSE < 1.5 cm, RAP > 15 mmHg, CI 2 L/min/m2, pericardial effusion
30
2.7.1 Inotropic sympathomimetics
1. Dopamine hydrochloride
sterile sol
2. Isoprenaline hydrochloride (Isoproterenol hydrochloride)

sterile sol
3. Dobutamine hydrochloride
sterile sol
2.7.2 Vasoconstrictor sympathomimetics

1. Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
sterile sol (as bitartrate or hydrochloride)
2. Ephedrine hydrochloride
sterile sol
2
2.7.3 Drugs used in cardiopulmonary resuscitation
31
1. Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
sterile sol
2.8 Anticoagulants
1. Warfarin sodium
tab
2. Heparin sodium
sterile sol
3. Enoxaparin sodium
sterile sol
1. deep vein thrombosis pulmonary embolism

2. venous stroke cardioembolic stroke
3. acute coronary syndrome (ACS) Percutaneous Coronary
Intervention
ACS conservative fondaparinux

4
32
4. Fondaparinux
sterile sol (2.5 mg/0.5 ml)
acute coronary syndrome Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

(conservative management)
fondaparinux 2.5 mg (0.5 ml) syringe 208.65

( ) 730
www.nlem.in.th
2.9 Antiplatelet drugs

1. Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)
tab ( 75-325 mg), EC tab ( 75-325 mg)
33
2. Clopidogrel bisulfate
tab
1. aspirin
(secondary prevention)
2. aspirin (stent) 1
3. aspirin acute coronary syndrome
recurrent thrombotic events
4. non-ST elevated acute coronary
syndrome clopidogrel aspirin 1
clopidogrel aspirin
aspirin clopidogrel
34
3. Dipyridamole
sterile sol

4. Eptifibatide
sterile sol

5. Ticlopidine hydrochloride
tab

clopidogrel atrial brillation

neutropenia 2 3

2.10 Fibrinolytic drugs
35
1. Streptokinase
sterile pwdr
2. Alteplase (Recombinant tissue - type plasminogen activator)

sterile pwdr

1. myocardial ischaemia
streptokinase streptokinase 1
2. acute arterial ischaemic stroke

3. Massive pulmonary embolism massive bleeding
hemodynamic instability
4. acute vascular access thombosis ( A-V stula A-V graft
hemodialysis)
2.11 Haemostatics
36
1. Tranexamic acid
sterile sol
tranexamic acid

3
3

2. Tranexamic acid
cap
1.
2.
3. (menorrhagia)
37
3. Human thrombin + Calcium chloride + Fibrinogen +Tranexamic acid

sterile sol
1.
hemophilia, thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction, von Willebrand's disease
congenital factor VII deciency
2.

4. Factor VIII concentrate, dried
sterile preparation for intravenous use
(1)
38
5. Factor IX concentrate, dried

(1)
Factor VIII concentrate, dried

6. Factor IX complex (coagulation factors II, VII, IX, X) concentrate, dried
(1)
Factor VIII concentrate, dried
2.12 Lipid-regulating drugs

1. Gemfibrozil
cap ( 300, 600 mg), tab ( 600 mg)
2. Nicotinic acid
39
3. Simvastatin
tab ( 10, 20 40 mg)
1. (adjunct therapy)

2.

2.1 (secondary prevention)
2.1.1 cardiovascular event LDL-C

100 mg/dL 100 mg/dL
70 mg/dL
2.1.2 (coronary heart disease) LDL-C

130 mg/dL
100 mg/dL
2.2 (primary prevention)
2.2.1
(coronary heart disease
risk equivalent)
LDL-C
130 mg/dL 100 mg/dL
2.2.1.1 , abdominal aortic aneurysm

symptomatic carotid artery disease
2.2.1.2
2.2.1.3 10

40

2.2.1.3 10

Framingham score (general cardiovascular
disease: 10-year risk) 20%
2.2.2.
1)
2) (
140/90 )
3) HDL cholesterol 40 mg/dL ( HDL-C 60 mg/dL

)

4) ( )

55

65
5)
45
55
2.2.2.1 0-1 LDL-C 190 mg/dL
160 mg/dL
2.2.2.2 2
10

Framingham score
130 mg/dL
10 % LDL-C 160 mg/dL
10-20 % LDL-C 130 mg/dL

130 mg/dL
20% 2.2.1
41

1. simvastatin 40 mg 1

2. simvastatin gembrozil, cyclosporine, danazol strong

CYP3A4 inhibitors itraconazole, ketoconazole,
erythromycin, clarithromycin, telithromycin, HIV protease inhibitors
simvastatin
3. simvastatin
3.1 20 mg amlodipine amiodarone
3.2 10 mg diltiazem verapamil
42
4. Colestyramine (Cholestyramine)
oral pwdr
5. Fenofibrate
cap ( 100, 200 300 mg)
43
6. Atorvastatin
tab ( 40 mg)
1. simvastatin 40 mg 6
LDL-C
( simvastatin)
2. simvastatin alanine
aminotransferase (ALT) 3
(upper limit of normal) Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) 5

1. atorvastatin cyclosporine, HIV protease inhibitor (tipranavir +
ritonavir), hepatitis C protease inhibitor
(telaprevir)
2. atorvastatin
2.1 40 mg nelnavir
2.2 20 mg clarithromycin, itraconazole, HIV protease
inhibitor (saquinavir + ritonavir, darunavir +
ritonavir, fosamprenavir, fosamprenavir + ritonavir)
3. atorvastatin lopinavir + ritonavir atorvastatin

44
3. Respiratory system
3.1 Bronchodilators
3.1.1 Adrenoceptor agonists
1. Procaterol hydrochloride
syr
2. Salbutamol sulfate
tab, aqueous sol, DPI, MDI, sol for nebulizer
3. Terbutaline sulfate
sol for nebulizer
5. Procaterol hydrochloride
tab
3.1.2 Compound antimuscarinic bronchodilators

1. Ipratropium bromide + Fenoterol hydrobromide
MDI, sol for nebulizer
3.1.3 Theophylline
45
3.1.3 Theophylline
1. Aminophylline
tab, sterile sol
2. Theophylline
SR cap , SR tab
3. Theophylline + Glyceryl guaiacolate

syr (50+30 mg in 5 ml)
theophylline syr

3.2 Corticosteroids
1. Beclometasone dipropionate
DPI, MDI
2. Budesonide
DPI, MDI, susp for nebulizer
3. Fluticasone
susp for nebulizer
46
4. Fluticasone
MDI
potency
5. Budesonide + Formoterol
DPI
1.
2. long acting beta2-agonist (LABA) formoterol salmeterol

6. Fluticasone + Salmeterol
DPI, MDI
Budesonide + Formoterol
3.3 Leukotriene receptor antagonists
47
1. Montelukast sodium
chewable tab ( 4 5 mg ), lm coated tab ( 10 mg )
chewable tab 4 mg 2-5

neuropsychiatric
3.4 Antihistamines
antihistamines (routinely) (common cold)
(placebo)
1. Brompheniramine maleate
tab, syr
2. Chlorpheniramine maleate (Chlorphenamine maleate)

cap, tab, syr, sterile sol
3. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride
cap, sterile sol
4. Hydroxyzine hydrochloride
tab, syr
48
5. Cetirizine hydrochloride
tab, syr
6. Loratadine
tab, syr
3.5 Pulmonary surfactants

1. Phospholipids ( Poractant alfa Beractant)
sterile intratracheal susp
1.
Poractant alfa Beractant
2.

3.6 Cough preparations

3.6.1 Cough suppressants
1. Dextromethorphan hydrobromide
tab, syr
2. Opium and Glycyrrhiza Mixture Compound (Brown Mixture ; Mist. Tussis)

mixt (hosp)
49
3. Squill and Ammonia Mixture

mixt (hosp)
4. Codeine phosphate + Glyceryl guaiacolate

tab/cap ( 10+100 mg)
3.6.2 Expectorant and demulcent cough preparations

(mucolytics)

1. Ammonium carbonate and senega mixture
mixt (hosp)
2. Glyceryl guaiacolate
tab, syr
3.7 Systemic nasal decongestants

1. Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride
tab, syr
2
3.8 Other respiratory preparations

1. Aromatic Ammonia Spirit
spirit ,spirit (hosp)
50
4. Central nervous system

4.1 Hypnotics and anxiolytics

(hypnotics)

1. Chloral hydrate
oral sol (hosp)
4
2. Chlordiazepoxide
cap,tab
4
3. Diazepam
cap, tab, sterile sol
4
4. Lorazepam
tab
4
5. Clonazepam
tab
51
6. Dipotassium clorazepate
cap, tab
4
7. Hydroxyzine hydrochloride
tab, syr
8. Alprazolam
tab
4.2 Drugs used in psychoses and related disorders

4.2.1 Antipsychotic drugs
1. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride
tab, sterile sol
2. Fluphenazine
tab (as hydrochloride), sterile sol (as decanoate)
3. Haloperidol
tab (as base), oral sol (as base), sterile sol (as base or decanoate)
52
4. Perphenazine
tab
5. Trifluoperazine hydrochloride
tab
6. Clozapine
tab
1.

2.

7. Flupentixol (Flupenthixol)
tab (as hydrochloride), sterile sol (as decanoate)

8. Pimozide
tab
1.

2.

53
9. Risperidone
tab ( ) , oral sol, oral sol/syr (hosp)
1.

2.

3.

5
10. Thioridazine hydrochloride
tab
11. Zuclopenthixol
tab (as hydrochloride), sterile sol/sterile emulsion (as acetate or decanoate)

4.2.2 Antimanic drugs
1. Carbamazepine
tab
54
2. Lithium carbonate
cap, tab
3. Sodium valproate
EC tab, oral sol
4. Carbamazepine
SR tab
5. Sodium valproate
SR tab
6. Lamotrigine
tab ( 25, 50, 100 mg)
1. rapid cycling mood disorder recurrent mood disorder

2. depression Bipolar disorder
4.3 Antidepressant drugs

1. Amitriptyline hydrochloride
film coated tab
2. Fluoxetine hydrochloride
cap, tab
55
3. Imipramine hydrochloride
tab
4. Nortriptyline hydrochloride
tab
5. Mianserin hydrochloride
tab
6. Clomipramine hydrochloride
tab
7. Sertraline
tab ( 50 mg)
1.

2.

8. Trazodone hydrochloride
tab
4.4 Central nervous system stimulants
56
1. Methylphenidate
tab (10 mg)
2
Attention-Decit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
4.5 Drugs used in nausea and vertigo

4.5.1 Drugs used in nausea and vomiting
1. Domperidone
tab (as base/maleate), susp (as base/maleate)
2. Metoclopramide
3. Ondansetron
tab (as base or hydrochloride), sterile sol (hydrochloride)
4.5.2 Drugs used in vestibular disorders

1. Dimenhydrinate
compressed tab, film coated tab, syr, sterile sol
57
2. Betahistine mesilate (Betahistine mesylate)

tab ( 6, 12 mg)

1. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)
tab, syr
rst-line drug osteoarthritis

compressed tab, lm coated tab ( 300 mg )
Aspirin EC tab

18 Reye's syndrome
58
3. Ibuprofen
film coated tab, susp

NSAIDs ibuprofen
1.

2. 3
3.
4.7 Analgesics
4.7.1 Opioid analgesics
1. Buprenorphine hydrochloride
sublingual tab, sterile sol
2
2. Codeine phosphate
tab
59
3. Fentanyl
sterile sol (as citrate), transdermal therapeutic system (as base)

4. Methadone hydrochloride
tab, oral sol
2
5. Morphine sulfate
cap, tab, SR cap, SR tab, oral sol, sterile sol
2
6. Nalbuphine hydrochloride
sterile sol
7. Pethidine hydrochloride
sterile sol
2
8. Tramadol hydrochloride
cap, tab, SR cap, SR tab, sterile sol
4.7.2 Drugs for neuropathic pain
60
film coated tab
2. Carbamazepine
tab
tab
4. Carbamazepine
SR tab
5. Gabapentin
cap ( 100, 300, 400 mg), tab ( 600 mg)

4.7.3 Antimigraine drugs
4.7.3.1 Drugs for acute migraine attack
61
1. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)
tab

compressed tab, lm coated tab ( 300 mg )

3. Ibuprofen
film coated tab
4. Ergotamine tartrate + Caffeine

compressed tab, lm coated tab ( 1 + 100 mg)
4.7.3.2 Drugs used in the prophylaxis of migraine

film coated tab
62
tab
3. Cyproheptadine hydrochloride
tab
4. Sodium valproate
EC tab, SR tab

5. Topiramate
tab

1.
2.
4.8 Antiepileptics
4.8.1 Drugs used in the control of epilepsy
1. Carbamazepine
tab, syr, susp
sterile sol
63
3. Phenobarbital
tab (as base)
4. Phenytoin base
chewable tab
5. Phenytoin sodium
cap, SR cap
6. Sodium valproate
EC tab, oral sol

post- traumatic seizure
7. Carbamazepine
SR tab
8. Clonazepam
tab
4
9. Sodium valproate
SR tab
64
10. Lamotrigine
tab ( 25, 50, 100 mg)

11. Levetiracetam
tab ( 250 500 mg)
1.
2.

12. Nitrazepam
tab

infantile spasms
13. Topiramate
cap, tab
65
14. Vigabatrin
tab
1.

2.
infantile spasms
4.8.2 Drugs used in status epilepticus
1. Diazepam
sterile sol
4
2. Phenobarbital sodium (Phenobarbitone sodium)
sterile pwdr, sterile sol
4
3. Phenytoin sodium
sterile sol
4. Sodium valproate
sterile pwdr
66
5. Midazolam hydrochloride
sterile sol
2
refractory status epilepticus
4.9 Drugs used in movement disorders

1. Diazepam
cap,tab
4
2. Levodopa + Benserazide as hydrochloride (Co-beneldopa)
cap/tab (200+50 mg)
3. Levodopa + Carbidopa as monohydrate (Co-careldopa)

tab (100+25 mg, 250+25 mg)
tab

essential tremor
5. Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride
tab
67
6. Baclofen
tab
7. Clonazepam
tab
4
8. Levodopa + Benserazide as hydrochloride (Co-beneldopa)
CR cap/dispersible tab (100+25 mg)
9. Bromocriptine mesilate
tab
10. Entacapone
tab

11. Piribedil
SR tab ( 50 mg)
68
12. Botulinum A toxin

sterile pwdr ( 100 500 IU)
(2)
1. (cervical dystonia) (idiopathic)

3
2. (hemifacial spasm) (idiopathic)
3
4.10 Drugs used in substance dependence

4.10.1 Drugs used in alcohol dependence
1. Disulfiram
tab
Disulram
acetaldehyde
69

tab
4.10.3 Drugs used in opioid dependence

1. Clonidine hydrochloride
tab
heroin withdrawal
2. Methadone hydrochloride
oral sol
70
5. Infections
5.1 Antibacterial drugs
5.1.1 Penicillins
1. Amoxicillin trihydrate
cap,dry syr
2. Ampicillin sodium
sterile pwdr
3. Cloxacillin sodium
sterile pwdr
4. Dicloxacillin sodium
cap, dry syr
5. Phenoxymethylpenicillin potassium (Penicillin V)

cap, tab, dry syr
6. Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G)
sterile pwdr (as sodium or potassium)
71
7. Benzathine benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G benzathine)

sterile pwdr
8. Procaine benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G procaine)

sterile sol, sterile susp
9. Amoxicillin trihydrate + Potassium clavulanate (Co-amoxiclav)

tab ( 500/125 mg)
(alternative drug) oral co-trimoxazole melioidosis

10. Amoxicillin trihydrate + Potassium clavulanate (Co-amoxiclav)
tab ( 500/125, 875/125 mg), dry syr ( 200/28.5, 400/57 mg)

H. influenzae / M. catarrhalis
1.
ampicillin

2.
aerobes anaerobes
72
11. Amoxicillin sodium + Potassium clavulanate (Co-amoxiclav)

sterile pwdr
ampicillin beta1.

lactamase
2.
aerobes anaerobes
12. Ampicillin sodium + Sulbactam sodium
sterile pwdr
Co-amoxiclav sterile pwdr
73
13. Piperacillin sodium + Tazobactam sodium

sterile pwdr
1. third generation cephalosporins

carbapenems empiric specic therapy
nosocomial infection pneumonia, complicated skin and soft tissue infection,
intra-abdominal infection febrile neutropenia
2.

5.1.2 Cephalosporins, cephamycins and other beta-lactams
1. Cefalexin (Cephalexin)
cap, dry syr

S. aureus penicillin
E. coli

74
2. Cefazolin sodium
sterile pwdr

3. Cefuroxime axetil
tab, dry syr
ampicillin M. catarrhalis
1. H. influenzae
2. co-amoxiclav penicillins

4. Cefotaxime sodium
sterile pwdr
kernicterus
1.
ceftriaxone
2. 1
3. (alternative drug) ceftriaxone ceftriaxone
75
5. Ceftriaxone sodium
sterile pwdr
1. serious community acquired bacterial infection

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
2. gram-negative meningitis 1
3. Penicillin Resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP)
4.

aminoglycosides
5. Gonococcus
6. Ceftazidime
sterile pwdr
empiric/specic therapy P. aeruginosa melioidosis
76
7. Cefixime
cap, dry syr
1) switch therapy

2) Ceftriaxone
8. Cefoperazone sodium + Sulbactam sodium
sterile pwdr
nosocomial infection Acinetobacter

sp.
77
9. Cefoxitin sodium
sterile pwdr
1. (alternative drug)

2. Non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium sp. (atypical mycobacterium)
rapid growers
beta-lactamase inducer

78
10. Ertapenem
sterile pwdr
extended spectrum beta-lactamases

documented therapy
(ESBL)
Ertapenem 1 g 984.40 ( )
730
www.nlem.in.th
11. Imipenem + Cilastatin sodium

sterile pwdr
1.

(Multiple-Drug- Resistant, MDR)

2.

79
12. Meropenem
sterile pwdr
Imipenem+Cilastatin sodium
5.1.3 Tetracyclines
1. Doxycycline hyclate (Doxycycline hydrochloride)
cap, tab
2. Tetracycline hydrochloride
cap, tab
streptomycin sulfate, amikacin sulfate kanamycin sulfate Antituberculous
drugs
1. Neomycin sulfate
tab

2. Gentamicin sulfate
sterile sol
80
3. Amikacin sulfate
sterile sol
gentamicin / netilmicin

multidrug - resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)

4. Netilmicin sulfate
sterile sol
gentamicin amikacin

5.1.5 Macrolides
81
1. Erythromycin estolate
susp /dry syr

2. Erythromycin stearate or succinate
dry syr
3. Roxithromycin
cap/tab ( 100 150 mg)
4. Azithromycin
cap ( ) , dry syrup ( )
1.
2. non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM)
3. azithromycin 2 early
syphilis penicillin doxycycline ceftriaxone
82
5. Azithromycin
sterile pwdr
atypical pathogen
1.
legionellosis
2. severe rickettsiosis
6. Clarithromycin
tab, dry syr
1.
2. non-tuberculous Mycobacterium sp. (atypical
mycobacterium)
3. triple therapy quardruple therapy H. pylori

complicated ulcer NSAIDs
5.1.6 Quinolones
83
1. Norfloxacin
tab
2. Ofloxacin
tab ( 100, 200 mg)
(alternative drug)

multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) second-line

therapy 5.1.9 Antituberculosis drugs
3. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride
tab

(sequential therapy switch therapy)
84
4. Ciprofloxacin lactate
sterile sol
1.
beta-lactam
/ aminoglycoside
2. empiric therapy 3 beta-lactam /
aminoglycoside severe hospital-acquired
pneumonia
85
5. Levofloxacin hemihydrate
tab ( 500 mg)

moderate to severe community-acquired pneumonia lower respiratory
tract infection Drug-Resistant S. pneumoniae (DRSP) pathogen
atypical pneumonia macrolide

(sequential
therapy switch therapy)
1. community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) comorbidities

3 IDSA 2007 (Infectious
Diseases Society of America 2007) levooxacin 750 mg
5 500 mg
7
2. multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) secondline therapy 5.1.9 Antituberculous drugs
86
sterile sol

moderate to severe community-acquired pneumonia lower respiratory
tract infection Drug-Resistant S. pneumoniae (DRSP) pathogen
atypical pneumonia
multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) second-line

therapy 5.1.9 Antituberculous drugs
5.1.7 Some other antibacterials
1. Chloramphenicol sodium succinate
sterile pwdr

1. rickettsiosis (scrub typhus, murine typhus)
2. Metronidazole
cap/tab (as base), susp (as benzoate), sterile sol (as base)
87
3. Clindamycin
cap (as hydrochloride), sterile sol (as phosphate)
1.
anaerobes,
beta-lactam type I (anaphylaxis
urticaria)
anaerobe
2. (alternative drug) Pneumocystis jirovecii
pneumonia (PCP)
3.

1 2
Antibiotics Associated Colitis (AAC)
AAC amoxicillin
88
4. Lincomycin hydrochloride
sterile sol

(methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus
Streptococcus)
5. Nitrofurantoin
tab
recurrent
( amoxicillin cephalexin)
6. Colistimethate sodium (Sodium colistinmethanesulphonate)
sterile pwdr

carbapenems

89
7. Fosfomycin sodium
sterile pwdr
Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA)

8. Sodium fusidate
tab

switch therapy

9. Vancomycin hydrochloride
sterile pwdr

methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE)
90
10. Linezolid
tab
(2)
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

3
Linezolid 600 mg 1,283.00

( ) 730
www.nlem.in.th
5.1.8 Sulphonamides and trimethoprim
1. Sulfadiazine
tab

toxoplasmosis
2. Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim (Co-trimoxazole)
cap, tab, susp, sterile sol
91
3. Trimethoprim
tab
Pneumocystis jirovecii
sulfonamides
5.1.9 Antituberculous drugs
1. Ethambutol hydrochloride
film coated tab
2. Isoniazid
tab
3. Pyrazinamide
tab
4. Rifampicin
cap, tab, dry syr, syr, susp
5. Streptomycin sulfate
sterile pwdr
6. Tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative (Tuberculin PPD)

inj
92
7. Isoniazid + Rifampicin
cap/tab ( 100+150 mg 150+300 mg)
maintenance
8. Isoniazid + Rifampicin + Pyrazinamide
tab ( 75 + 150 + 400 mg)
initial maintenance
9. Isoniazid + Rifampicin + Pyrazinamide + Ethambutol hydrochloride
tab ( 75 + 150 + 400 + 275 mg)

initial
93
10. Amikacin sulfate

sterile sol
multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) second-line drug
11. Cycloserine
cap
amikacin sulfate
12. Ethionamide
tab

amikacin sulfate
13. Kanamycin sulfate
sterile pwdr
amikacin sulfate
94
14. Ofloxacin
tab ( 100, 200 mg)
multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) second-line therapy

(alternative drug)

5.1.6 Quinolones
15. Para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS)
EC tab
amikacin sulfate
tab ( 500 mg), sterile sol

multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) second-line therapy
5.1.6 Quinolones
95

1. Clofazimine
cap
2. Dapsone
tab
5.2 Antifungal drugs

1. Fluconazole
cap

1. invasive fungal infection
2. dermatomycoses
2. Griseofulvin
tab
3. Ketoconazole
tab
4. Nystatin
oral susp
5. Saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI)

sol (hosp)
96
6. Itraconazole
cap
Penicillosis marneffei, cryptococcosis, vaginal candidiasis

dermatomycoses
7. Amphotericin B
sterile pwdr ( conventional formulations)
invasive fungal infections

8. Fluconazole
sterile sol
(alternative drug) amphotericin B cryptococcosis candidiasis

amphotericin B
97
9. Itraconazole
oral sol
1.
2. (alternative drug) invasive fungal infection
10. Liposomal amphotericin B
sterile pwdr
(2)
invasive fungal infections conventional amphotericin

B 3
Liposomal amphotericin B 50 mg 6,650.00

( ) 730
www.nlem.in.th
98
11. Voriconazole
tab, sterile pwdr
(2)
invasive aspergillosis 3
1. Voriconazole 50 mg 356.67 ( )
2. Voriconazole 200 mg 1,391.00
( )
3. Voriconazole 200 mg 4,199.75
( )
1-3 730
www.nlem.in.th
5.3 Antiviral drugs

99
Aciclovir topical (Aciclovir cream)
1. Aciclovir (Acyclovir)
oral susp, oral susp (hosp)
varicella-zoster herpes simplex

tab
1. varicella - zoster herpes simplex

2. herpes zoster
(chicken pox)
3. recurrent herpes simplex infection

100
3. Aciclovir sodium (Acyclovir sodium)

1. varicella - zoster herpes simplex

2. herpetic encephalitis herpes ophthalmitis
3. 5 2

(neonatal varicella)
4.

4. Ganciclovir sodium
sterile pwdr
1. cytomegalovirus (CMV)
2.

101
5. Oseltamivir phosphate
cap, dry syr
(1)
5.3.2 Antiretrovirals

1. Atazanavir sulfate
cap
(1)
2. Didanosine (ddI)
tab, oral pwdr
(1)
3. Efavirenz
cap, tab
(1)
4. Indinavir sulfate
cap
(1)
5. Lamivudine (3TC)
tab ( 100, 150 mg), syr
(1)
102
6. Lamivudine + Stavudine + Nevirapine

tab ( 150+30+200 mg)
(1)
7. Lopinavir + Ritonavir
cap, oral sol
(1)
8. Nelfinavir mesilate
tab, dry syr
(1)
9. Nevirapine
tab, susp
(1)
10. Ritonavir
cap, oral sol
(1)
11. Saquinavir
cap (as base or mesilate)
(1)
12. Stavudine (d4T)

cap, dry syr
(1)
13. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

tab
(1)
14. Zidovudine (AZT)

cap, oral sol
(1)
15. Zidovudine + Lamivudine (AZT+3TC)

tab ( 300+150 mg)
(1)
103
16. Zidovudine + Lamivudine + Nevirapine

tab ( 250 + 150 +200 mg)
(1)
17. Darunavir (DRV)

tab
(2)

(alternative drug) Lopinavir + Ritonavir
1. Darunavir (DRV) 300 mg 61.2575

( )
2. Darunavir (DRV) 600 mg 122.515
( )
1 2 730
www.nlem.in.th
5.3.3 Viral hepatitis
104
1. Lamivudine (3TC)
tab ( 100, 150 mg)
(chronic hepatitis B) HBeAg positive

1.
negative Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
1.5 HBV DNA 10,000 copies/ml (
2,000 IU/ml) / liver histology

2. compensated decompensated cirrhosis HBV DNA
3. HBsAg positive

4. HIV serology negative 2 3

HIV serology negative
ALT ALT fatty liver, druginduced hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis
105
2. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

tab

1.
nucleoside analog (NRTI)
1.1 rescue
lamivudine tenofovir

1.2 HBV DNA 1,000 copies/ml ( 200 IU/ml)
nucleoside analog (NRTI)
lamivudine 24
2. HIV serology negative 2 3

HIV serology negative
106
3. Peginterferon alfa-2a
sterile sol
(2)
(chronic hepatitis C genotype 2, 3)

3
1. Peginterferon alfa-2a 135 mcg (0.5 ml) syringe

3,150.00 ( ) 730
www.nlem.in.th
2. Peginterferon alfa-2a 180 mcg (0.5 ml) syringe
3,150.00 ( ) 730
www.nlem.in.th
107
4. Peginterferon alfa-2b
sterile pwdr
(2)
(genotype 2, 3)

3
1. Peginterferon alfa-2b 100 mcg 3,150.00

( ) 730
www.nlem.in.th
2. Peginterferon alfa-2b 100 mcg redipen 3,150.00
( ) 730
www.nlem.in.th
108
5. Ribavirin
cap/tab ( 200 mg)
(2)
ribavirin peginterferon alfa 2a 2b

(genotype 2, 3)

3
ribavirin cap/tab ( 200 mg) Peginterferon alfa-2a

Peginterferon alfa-2b 3 4
5.4 Antiprotozoal drugs

5.4.1 Antimalarials
1. Chloroquine phosphate
tab
2. Primaquine phosphate
tab
109
3. Quinine
compressed/film coated tab (as sulfate), sterile sol (as dihydrochloride)
4. Artesunate
tab ( lactab rectocap), sterile pwdr

1.

2.

5. Mefloquine hydrochloride
tab
artesunate
5.4.2 Other antiprotozoal drugs
110
1. Metronidazole
cap/tab (as base), susp (as benzoate), sterile sol (as base)
amebiasis, giardiasis urogenital trichomoniasis

2. Pyrimethamine
tab
Toxoplasma

3. Pentamidine isetionate (Pentamidine isethionate)
sterile pwdr

co Pneumocystis jirovecii
trimoxazole trimethoprim
5.5 Anthelmintics
1. Albendazole
tab, susp
111
2. Diethylcarbamazine citrate
tab
3. Mebendazole
tab, susp, susp (hosp)
4. Niclosamide
tab
5. Praziquantel
tab
6. Pyrantel embonate (Pyrantel pamoate)

tab, susp
7. Ivermectin
tab
5.6 Antiseptics
1. Chlorhexidine gluconate
sol (aqueous) ( 2% , 4% 5%) , sol/sol (hosp) ( 2% , 4% in 70% alcohol)

ChlorhexIdine gluconate 5% Chlorhexidine freshly prepared
112
2. Ethyl alcohol
sol, sol (hosp), gel (hosp)
3. Gentian violet
sol (paint)
4. Hydrogen peroxide
sol
5. Potassium permanganate
pwdr (hosp)
6. Povidone-iodine
sol, sol (hosp)
7. Tincture of iodine (Iodine in alcohol)

sol, sol (hosp)
113
6. Endocrine system
6.1 Drugs used in diabetes
6.1.1 Insulins
1. Biphasic isophane insulin (Soluble insulin + Isophane insulin)
sterile susp
2. Isophane insulin (NPH; Isophane protamine insulin)

sterile susp
3. Soluble insulin (Neutral insulin; insulin injection)

sterile sol
114
4. Insulin aspart
sterile sol
1. hypoglycemia conventional insulin

2. postprandial hyperglycemia
Insulin aspart 300 IU (3 ml) cartridge 181.90

( ) pre-lled pen 363.80 ( )
730
www.nlem.in.th
115
5. Insulin aspart + insulin aspart protamine

sterile susp
Insulin aspart
Insulin aspart + insulin aspart protamine (30/70) 300 IU (3 ml)

cartridge 181.90 ( ) pre-lled pen
363.80 ( ) 730
www.nlem.in.th
116
6. Insulin glargine
sterile sol
1 multiple daily insulin injections NPH

insulin
(nocturnal hypoglycemia)
multiple daily insulin injections
insulin glargine

6.1.2 Oral antidiabetic drugs
1. Glibenclamide
tab ( 2.5, 5 mg)
117
2. Glipizide
tab
3. Metformin hydrochloride
tab
4. Acarbose
tab
5. Pioglitazone hydrochloride
tab ( 15, 30 mg)
sulfonylureas metformin secondary

failure metformin sulfonylureas
118
6. Repaglinide
tab ( 0.5, 1, 2 mg)
sulfonylureas sulfonamides
6.1.3 Treatment of hypoglycemia
1. Diazoxide
tab

1. persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI
nesidioblastosis)
2. insulinoma
6.2 Thyroid and antithyroid drugs

1. Levothyroxine sodium (L-thyroxine sodium)
tab
119
2. Liothyronine sodium
tab
levothyroxine sodium total body scan

6.2.2 Antithyroid drugs
1. Lugol 's solution (Aqueous iodine oral solution, Strong iodine solution)
oral sol (hosp)
2. Propylthiouracil
tab
3. Saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI)

oral sol (hosp)
4. Thiamazole (Methimazole)
tab
6.3 Corticosteroids
120
1. Dexamethasone
cap/tab (as base), sterile sol (as sodium phosphate or acetate)
2. Hydrocortisone
tab (as base) , sterile pwdr (as sodium succinate), sterile susp (as acetate)

3. Prednisolone
cap, tab
4. Fludrocortisone acetate
tab
replacement therapy adrenocortical insufciency
121
5. Methylprednisolone
sterile pwdr/sterile susp (as hemisuccinate or sodium succinate or acetate)
1. induction
2. acute rejection (renal allograft acute rejection),SLE ,
glomerulonephritis , vasculitis,
aplastic anaemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, demyelinating disease
122
6. Triamcinolone acetonide
sterile susp

1.

2. 1

2.1 2
2.2 3
3. (intralesional injection)

6.4 Sex hormones

6.4.1 Female sex hormones
1. Medroxyprogesterone acetate
tab ( 2.5 , 5 10 mg)
123
2. Norethisterone
tab
3. Conjugated estrogens
tab
4. Estradiol valerate
tab
5. Hydroxyprogesterone caproate
sterile oily sol for inj
sterile pwdr
6.4.2 Male sex hormones and antagonists

1. Testosterone enantate (Testosterone enanthate)
sterile oily sol for inj
124
2. Cyproterone acetate
tab
moderate to severe hirsutism

combined oral contraceptive spironolactone

( , , )

6.5 Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones

6.5.1 Hypothalamic and anterior pituitary hormones
1. Chrorionic gonadotrophin (Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ; HCG)
sterile pwdr

undescended testis

(HCG test)
125
2. Tetracosactide (Cosyntropin)
sterile pwdr

3. Thyrotropin alfa
sterile pwdr
(2)
well-differentiated thyroid cancer

3
6.5.2 Posterior pituitary hormones and antagonists
1. Chlorpropamide
tab
partial central diabetes insipidus desmopressin
126
2. Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP)

tab, nasal spray, nasal sol, sterile sol
1. diabetes insipidus
2.
6.6 Drugs affecting bone metabolism
127
1. Calcitonin-salmon
sterile sol
1. osteoporosis acute pain fracture

2. severe hypercalcemia
1. Randomize controlled trial calcitonin

2. calcitonin

128
2. Disodium pamidronate
1. severe osteogenesis imperfecta

2. hypercalcemia
3. osteolytic lesion (plain X-ray CTscan)
3.1 multiple myeloma pamidronate 2
3.2 pamidronate 1
3 60 - 90 mg 3 - 4

6.7 Other endocrine drugs

6.7.1 Bromocriptine and other dopaminergic drugs
129
1. Bromocriptine mesilate
tab
prolactinoma , acromegaly, amenorrhea galactorrhea

6.7.2 Drugs affecting gonadotrophins
1. Leuprorelin acetate
sterile pwdr ( 3.75 mg)
(2)

central (gonadotrophin dependent) precocious puberty
3
Leuprorelin acetate 3.75 mg Pre-lled syringe (dual chamber)

4,996.00 ( ) 730
www.nlem.in.th
130
7. Obstetrics, gynaecology and urinary-tract disorders

7.1 Drugs used in obstetrics
7.1.1 Prostaglandins, prostaglandins antagonists and oxytocics
1. Methylergometrine maleate
sterile sol
2. Oxytocin
sterile sol
3. Alprostadil
sterile sol ( 0.5 mg/ml)
ductus arteriosus
4. Indomethacin sodium
sterile pwdr
patent ductus arteriosus
131
5. Sulprostone
sterile pwdr
severe post-partum hemorrhage

7.1.2 Myometrial relaxants
tab, sterile sol
7.2 Treatment of vaginal and vulval conditions

1. Clotrimazole
vaginal tab
2. Nystatin
vaginal tab
vaginal cream
7.3 Contraceptives
1. Etonogestrel
implant 1 rod (68 mg/rod)
132
2. Ethinylestradiol + Levonorgestrel
tab ( 30 + 150 mcg)
3. Levonorgestrel
tab ( 750 mcg), implant 2 rods (75 mg/rod)

Levonorgestrel
4. Medroxyprogesterone acetate
sterile susp
5. Ethinylestradiol + Desogestrel
tab ( 20 + 150 mcg)
6. Lynestrenol
tab ( 0.5 mg)
7.4 Drugs for genito-urinary disorders

7.4.1 Drugs for benign prostatic hyperplasia
1. Alfuzosin hydrochloride
SR tab ( 10 mg)
133
2. Doxazosin mesilate
immediate release tab ( 2 4 mg)
3. Finasteride
tab ( 5 mg)

40 ml
Finasteride 1 mg
7.4.2 Drugs for urinary frequency enuresis, and incontinence
134
1. Oxybutynin hydrochloride
1. overactive urinary bladder urinary incontinence stress incontinence

2. nocturnal enuresis ( )

7.4.3 Drugs used in alkalinisation of urine
1. Potassium citrate
oral sol (hosp), dry pwdr for oral sol (hosp)
2. Sodium citrate + Citric acid (Shohls solution)

oral sol (hosp)
3. Sodium citrate + Potassium citrate

oral sol (hosp)
135
8. Malignant disease and immunosuppression

8.1 Cytotoxic drugs
8.1.1 Alkylating drugs
1. Busulfan
tab
2. Chlorambucil
tab
idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis

3. Cyclophosphamide
tab, sterile pwdr
4. Melphalan
tab
136
5. Ifosfamide
sterile pwdr
1. second-line treatment non-Hodgkins lymphoma relapse

refractory
2. sarcoma
3. Wilms' tumor neuroblastoma
4. germ cell tumor
8.1.2 Cytotoxic antibiotics
1. Bleomycin
sterile pwdr (as sulfate or as hydrochloride)
2. Dactinomycin
sterile pwdr
3. Doxorubicin hydrochloride
sterile pwdr,sterile susp ,sterile sol
cardiomyopathy left ventricular

ejection fraction 50%
137
4. Idarubicin hydrochloride
sterile pwdr
acute myelogenous leukemia

5. Mitomycin
sterile pwdr , sterile sol
1. alternative drug BCG supercial bladder

cancer
2.
3.
4. (anal canal) transcatheter oily
chemo embolization (TOCE)
6. Mitoxantrone hydrochloride
1. acute myeloid leukemia

2.
138
1. Cytarabine
2. Fluorouracil (5-FU)
sterile sol
3. Mercaptopurine
tab
4. Methotrexate
tab (as base or sodium), sterile pwdr / sterile sol (as sodium)
5. Capecitabine
tab
advanced breast cancer second third-line drug

anthracycline / taxane
139
6. Gemcitabine hydrochloride
sterile pwdr
1. advanced pancreatic cancer

2. advanced non-small cell lung cancer
3. advanced bladder cancer
4. second -line subsequent line advanced ovarian cancer
taxane

7. Oxaliplatin
sterile pwdr ,sterile sol

adjuvant therapy stage III colorectal cancer 5-FU + leucovorin
basedregimen Eastern Co-operative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance
status 0 - 1
140
8. Tegafur + uracil
capsule (100/224 mg)
adjuvant treatment stage II colorectal cancer
Tegafur + uracil (100/224 mg) 56.00

( ) 730
www.nlem.in.th
9. Tioguanine (Thioguanine)
tab
chronic myeloid leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia acute nonlymphocytic leukemia

8.1.4 Vinca alkaloids and etoposide
1. Etoposide
cap (as base), sterile sol (as base)
2. Vinblastine sulfate
141
3. Vincristine sulfate
8.1.5 Other antineoplastic drugs

1. Asparaginase (Crisantapase)
sterile pwdr
2. Cisplatin
3. Carboplatin
4. Hydroxycarbamide (Hydroxyurea)
cap
5. Tretinoin (all-trans-Retinoic acid)

cap
acute myelogenous leukemia M3 (acute promyelocytic leukemia)

chromosome PML/RARA
chromosome t (15;17) PML/RARA
142
6. Paclitaxel
sterile sol
1. advanced breast cancer anthracycline

anthracycline
2. adjuvant treatment high risk , node positive breast cancer
3.
4.
advanced non-small cell lung cancer
5. AIDS-related Kaposis sarcoma
143
7. Docetaxel
sterile sol
(2)
1.
3
2. second-line drug non-small cell

3
3.

3
144
8. Imatinib mesilate
tab ( 100 400 mg)
(2)
1. chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) chronic stable phase

3
2. gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs)
3

1. Dexamethasone
cap (as base) , tab (as base), sterile sol (as sodium phosphate or acetate)
2. Prednisolone
cap, tab
3. Azathioprine
tab
multiple sclerosis

145
4. Ciclosporin (Cyclosporin)
cap, oral sol, oral susp, sterile sol

1. maintenance therapy microemulsion
2. mininal change disease (MCD) relapse
prednisolone
3. focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
cyclophosphamide
5. Methylprednisolone
sterile pwdr/sterile susp (as hemisuccinate or sodium succinate or acetate)
1. induction therapy
2. acute rejection (renal allograft acute rejection), SLE
, glomerulonephritis , vasculitis, aplastic anemia, idiopathic
thrombocytopenic purpura, demyelinating disease
146
6. Antithymocyte immunoglobulin, rabbit (ATG)

sterile pwdr , sterile sol
1. induction acute renal allograft rejection

2. acute renal allograft rejection pulse methylprednisolone

(2) severe aplastic anemia 9.1.2 Drugs used in hypoplastic,

hemolytic and renal anemias
7. Basiliximab
sterile pwdr
induction therapy
8. Mycophenolate mofetil
cap
alternative drug maintenance therapy
147
9. Tacrolimus
cap, sterile sol (concentrate for infusion)
1. maintenance therapy
ciclosporin severe gum hypertrophy, hirsutism
2. maintenance therapy acute rejection

3.
10. BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Gurin)
freeze-dried pwdr for bladder instillation

supercial bladder cancer
148
11. Human normal immunoglobulin, intravenous (IVIG)

(2)
1. (acute phase of Kawasaki disease)

3
2.
(primary immunodeciency diseases)

3
3. idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
3
4. autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)

3
5. GuillainBarr syndrome
3
6. (myasthenia gravis, acute exacerbation
myasthenic crisis) 3
7. pemphigus vulgaris
3
8. hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
3
149
12. Sirolimus (Rapamycin)

oral sol ( 1 mg/ml), tab ( 1 mg)
maintenance therapy prednisolone

ciclosporin tacrolimus
8.3 Sex hormones and hormone antagonists in malignant disease

8.3.1 Progestogens, anti-estrogens and enzyme inhibitors
1. Tamoxifen citrate
tab
150
2. Letrozole
tab ( 2.5 mg)
(2)
hormone receptor
3
3. Megestrol acetate
tab
advanced breast cancer hormone receptor

8.3.2 Prostate cancer
1. Flutamide
tab
monotherapy secondline drug bilateral orchiectomy
151
9. Nutrition and blood

9.1 Whole blood, blood products and drugs used in some blood disorders
9.1.1 Whole blood and blood products
1. Fresh dried plasma
2. Fresh frozen plasma
3. Frozen cryoprecipitate
4. Leukocyte depleted platelets concentrate
5. Leukocyte depleted pooled platelets concentrate, random donor (LD-PPC)
6. Lyophilized cryoprecipitate
7. Packed red cell
152
8. Packed red cell, leukocyte depleted
9. Packed red cell, leukocyte poor
10. Platelets concentrate, random donor
11. Platelets concentrate, single donor
12. Whole blood
13. Leukocyte depleted platelets concentrate, single donor
Rh-
153
14. Packed red cell, leukocyte depleted single donor 2 units
Rh-
15. Packed red cell, irradiated

16. Packed red cell, leukocyte poor, irradiated

17. Platelets concentrate, irradiated
154
18. Packed red cell, leukocyte depleted irradiated
Packed red cell, leukocyte poor,

irradiated
9.1.2 Drugs used in hypoplastic, haemolytic and renal anaemias
1. Folic acid
tab ( 5 mg)
2. Oxymetholone
tab
3. Deferoxamine mesilate (Desferrioxamine mesilate)

sterile pwdr
16
155
4. Iron sucrose
sterile sol
iron deciency anemia chronic kidney disease

epoetin therapy
5. Antithymocyte immunoglobulin, rabbit (ATG)
severe aplastic anemia

3

6. Deferiprone
tab ( 500 mg)
156
7. Epoetin alfa (epoetin alpha)

sterile pwdr/ sterile sol ( 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 IU)
(2)

3
8. Epoetin beta
sterile sol ( 2000, 3000, 5000 IU)

3
9.1.3 Drugs used in bone marrow transplantation
157
(2)
1. Filgrastim
sterile sol
1. progenitor cell

allogeneic autologous transplantation
2. febrile neutropenia

2.1 Profound neutropenia absolute neutrophil count 100 /mm3
2.2 bacterial pneumonia lobar pneumonia
septicemia
3. febrile neutropenia (primary prophylaxis)
3.1 febrile neutropenia
20
3.2 febrile neutropenia 10 - 20

65
performance status (Eastern Co-operative Oncology Group (ECOG)
performance status 2)
neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count < 1,500/mm3)

158
4. febrile neutropenia (Secondary prophylaxis)

febrile neutropenia
(curative aim)
1. Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factors (G-CSF)

palliative chemotherapy
2. Febrile neutropenia
1)
38.3C
2)
38.0 C 1
1) (absolute neutrophil count)

0.5 x 109/L
2) 1.0 x 109/L
0.5 x 109/L
48
159
2. Lenograstim
sterile pwdr
lgrastim
9.2 Fluids and electrolytes

1. Glucose with/without sodium chloride
sterile sol
2. Intermittent peritoneal dialysis

sterile sol
3. Potassium acetate
sterile sol (hosp)
4. Potassium chloride
syr (hosp), elixir (hosp), compressed tab, EC tab, sterile sol

1. potassium chloride 180

2. potassium chloride elixir 2
160
5. Potassium citrate
oral sol (hosp), dry pwdr for oral sol (hosp)
6. Sodium acetate
sterile sol (hosp)
7. Sodium bicarbonate
tab, sterile sol
8. Sodium chloride
tab ( 300 mg), sterile sol
9. Sodium lactate intravenous infusion compound (Ringer-Lactate solution for injection ;

Hartmanns solution for injection)
sterile sol

10. Water for injection
sterile sol
11. Calcium polystyrene sulfonate

oral pwdr
12. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

basic bag sol, double bag sol
9.3 Vitamins
161
9.3 Vitamins
Multivitamins (mineral)

1. Folic acid
tab ( 400 mcg 5 mg)
2. Multivitamins
syr
8
- Vitamin A 1,300 - 2,000 IU
- Vitamin D 200 - 1,000 IU
- Vitamin B1 0.5 mg
- Vitamin B2 0.5 mg
- Vitamin B6 0.5 mg
- Vitamin B12 0.9 mcg
- Niacinamide 6 mg
- Vitamin C 40 mg
1 - 3
162
3. Multivitamins
drop
8
- Vitamin A 1,300 - 2,000 IU
- Vitamin D 200 - 1,000 IU
- Vitamin B1 0.3 mg
- Vitamin B2 0.4 mg
- Vitamin B6 0.3 mg
- Niacinamide 4 mg
- Vitamin C 35 mg
6 - 11
163
4. Multivitamins
cap, tab
9
- Vitamin A 2,000 - 5,600 IU
- Vitamin D 200 - 2,000 IU
- Vitamin B1 0.9 mg
- Vitamin B2 0.9 mg
- Vitamin B6 1.0 mg
- Niacinamide 12 mg
- Folic acid 300-1000 mcg
- Vitamin C 45 mg
9 - 12

5. Vitamin A
cap, tab ( 25,000-50,000 IU 1 cap/tab)
6. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine as hydrochloride or mononitrate)

tab ( 10-100 mg), sterile sol ( 100 mg/ml)
7. Vitamin B2
tab ( 10 mg)
164
8. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine hydrochloride)

tab ( 10-100 mg), sterile sol ( 100 mg/ml)

B6 200
neuropathy
9. Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin Hydroxocobalamin)

tab ( 100 mcg), sterile sol ( 1000 mcg/ml)
10. Vitamin C
tab ( 50, 100 mg)
11. Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol)

cap

rst -line drug D
12. Vitamin K1 (phytomenadione)
sterile sol
165
13. Vitamin B complex

cap, tab
8
- Vitamin B1 0.9 mg
- Vitamin B2 0.9 mg
- Vitamin B6 1.0 mg
- Folic acid 300 mcg
- Niacinamide 12 mg
- Pantothenic acid 4 mg
- Biotin 20 mcg
9 - 12

14. Vitamin C
sterile sol
166
15. Vitamins B complex

sterile sol
4
- Vitamin B1 0.9 mg
- Vitamin B2 0.9 mg
- Vitamin B6 1.0 mg
- Niacinamide 12 mg
9 - 12

16. Alfacalcidol (1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3)
cap, tab

1. Kidney disease stage 5 ( end stage kidney disease)
hyperparathyroidism
2.
167
17. Vitamin E
emulsion (hosp), syr
1.
2.
/
water-miscible vitamin E ( emulsier polysorbate 80

)
9.4 Intravenous nutrition

1. Amino acid solution for infants
sterile sol
9
isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine,
histidine
arginine, cysteine, tyrosine taurine sugar alcohol
168
2. Amino acid solution high branched chain amino acid

sterile sol
branch chain amino acid 35-45% total amino acid
3. Amino acid solution high essential amino acid

sterile sol
essential amino acid > 60% total amino acid
4. Amino acids with/without minerals

sterile sol
169
5. Complete water-soluble and fat soluble vitamins preparation

preparation for intravenous use (sterile pwdr,sterile sol,sterile emulsion)
Complete water-soluble and fat soluble vitamins preparation Fat

soluble vitamins 4 A, D, E, K water soluble vitamins 9 B1, B2, B6 ,
B12, niacinamide, folic acid , pantothenic acid , biotin Vitamin C
(parenteral nutrition) water-soluble

fatsoluble vitamins
6. Complete water-soluble vitamin preparation
preparation for intravenous use (sterile pwdr)
water soluble vitamins 9 B1, B2, B6, B12, niacinamide, folic acid,
pantothenic acid, biotin vitamin C
170
7. Complete fat-soluble vitamin preparation

preparation for intravenous use (sterile pwdr, sterile sol, sterile emulsion)
fat soluble vitamins 4 A, D, E K

(parenteral nutrition) fat-soluble
vitamins water-soluble vitamins
8. Multivitamin injection
preparation for intravenous use (sterile pwdr)
fat soluble vitamins 3 A, D E water soluble vitamins 9

B1, B2, B6, B12, niacinamide, folic acid, pantothenic acid, biotin vitamin C
(parenteral nutrition)
171
9. Three-in-one parenteral nutrition

sterile sol
glucose, amino acid fat emulsion

11
enteral ( 60% )

1) three-in-one parenteral nutrition multivitamins trace minerals
electrolytes

2) peripheral 14
3)
172
10. Dextrose solution with minerals and electrolytes

sterile sol
dextrose 20% mineral 2

peripheral vein central vein
11. Fat emulsion
sterile emulsion ( 20%)
Fat emulsion long chain triglycerides phospholipids medium

chain triglycerides (MCT)
12. Multiple trace minerals solution
sterile sol
Zn,Cu I
9.5 Minerals
1. Calcium carbonate
cap, tab
2. Calcium gluconate
sterile sol
173
3. Ferrous sulfate
cap, tab, oral sol, drop
4. Iodine
cap

1.
2. iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis
5. Magnesium hydroxide
sterile sol, oral sol, oral sol(hosp)
7. Sodium fluoride
tab, oral sol, oral sol(hosp)

uorosis
8. Trace element solution
oral sol (hosp)
Zn, Cu, I Cr
174
9. Zinc sulfate
oral sol (hosp), cap, tab, sterile sol (hosp)
10. Aluminium hydroxide

11. Ferrous fumarate

cap, tab, oral sol, susp
12. Copper sulfate solution

sterile sol (hosp), oral sol (hosp)
13. Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate

sterile sol
14. Oral acidic phosphate solution (Joulies solution)

oral sol (hosp)
Potassium phosphate / Sodium phosphate monobasic/dibasic

15. Oral neutral phosphate solution
oral sol (hosp)
Potassium phosphate / Sodium phosphate monobasic/dibasic
175

1. Ferrous fumarate
tab ( 65 mg as iron)

2. Ferrous sulfate
tab ( 60 65 mg as iron)

3. Folic acid
tab ( 400 mcg 5 mg)
1.
2. 6
3. neural tube defect
5 mg
176
4. Potassium iodide
tab ( 150 mcg as iodine)
1.
2. 6
3.

5. Ferrous salt + Folic acid

tab ( 60 mg as iron + 400 mcg)
1.
2. 6

177
6. Ferrous salt + Folic acid + Potassium Iodide

tab ( 60 mg as iron + 400 mcg + 150 mcg as iodine)
1.
2. 6
3.

1.
2.
9.7 Metabolic disorders

1. Penicillamine (D-Penicillamine)
cap, tab

Wilsons disease

(teratogen)
178
2. Imiglucerase
sterile pwdr
(2)
Gaucher's disease

179
10. Musculoskeletal and joint diseases

10.1 Drugs used in rheumatic diseases and gout
10.1.1 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
tab, EC tab
gout
2. Diclofenac sodium
EC tab, sterile sol
3. Ibuprofen
film coated tab, susp

1. NSAIDs ibuprofen

2. 3
3.
180
4. Indomethacin
cap
5. Naproxen
compressed tab (as base)
6. Piroxicam
cap (as base), compressed tab (as base), film coated tab (as base)
10.1.2 Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)

1. Chloroquine phosphate
compressed tab, film coated tab

6
2. Hydroxychloroquine sulfate
tab

6
3. Azathioprine
tab
181
4. Methotrexate
tab (as base or sodium), sterile pwdr/sterile sol (as sodium)

CBC SGOT/SGPT
alkaline phosphate 3-6
5. Sulfasalazine
EC tab
6. Sodium aurothiomalate
sterile sol
cap, oral sol, sterile sol
1. methotrexate
2.
10.1.3 Drugs for treatment of gout and hyperuricaemia
1. Colchicine
tab
182
2. Allopurinol
tab
acute gout

Steven-Johnson syndrome
(SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic

symptoms (DRESS)
( 4 )
allopurinol thiazide
3. Probenecid
film coated tab
acute gout
183
4. Benzbromarone
tab
acute gout

cytolytic liver damage

10.2 Drugs used in neuromuscular disorders

10.2.1 Drugs which enhance neuromuscular transmission
1. Pyridostigmine bromide
tab
2. Neostigmine methylsulfate
sterile sol
184

1.
multiple sclerosis 2.
3.

muscle tone disability
1. Diazepam
2. Baclofen
tab
3. Tizanidine hydrochloride
tab
10.3 Drugs for relief of soft-tissue inflammation

10.3.1 Rubifacients
1. Methyl salicylate cream compound
cream (hosp)
2. Methyl salicylate ointment compound (Analgesic Balm)

oint (hosp)
185
11. Eye
11.1 Anti-infective eye preparations
11.1.1 Antibacterials and eye wash solution
1.
2.

1. Boric acid
eye wash sol
2. Chloramphenicol
eye drop, eye oint
3. Tetracycline hydrochloride
eye oint
4. Gentamicin sulfate
eye drop, eye oint
gentamicin tobramycin
186
5. Polymyxin B sulfate + Neomycin sulfate + Gramicidin

eye drop
polymyxin B
systemic

6. Cyclosporine
eye drop (hosp)
Keratoconjuctivitis sicca
7. Fusidic acid
eye drop (in gel base)
(blepharitis) chloramphenicol gentamicin

187

1.

2.
herpes simplex virus
3.

1. Dexamethasone sodium phosphate + Neomycin sulfate
eye drop
2. Dexamethasone sodium phosphate + Chloramphenicol + Tetrahydrozoline

hydrochloride
eye drop

3. Dexamethasone + Neomycin sulfate + Polymyxin B sulfate
eye oint
polymyxin B
systemic

11.1.3 Antifungals
188
11.1.3 Antifungals
1. Natamycin
eye susp

11.1.4 Antivirals
eye oint
11.2 Corticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory preparations

1. Antazoline hydrochloride + Tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride
eye drop
189
2. Fluorometholone
eye susp (as base)
steroid glaucoma

steroid cataract
3. Prednisolone acetate
eye susp
1. /
2. stroma (endothelium)
steroid glaucoma

steroid cataract
4. Sodium cromoglicate (Cromolyn sodium)
eye drop
11.3 Mydriatics and cycloplegics
190
1. Atropine sulfate
eye drop
2. Cyclopentolate hydrochloride
eye drop
3. Phenylephrine hydrochloride
eye drop
4. Tropicamide
eye drop
11.4 Drugs for treatment of glaucoma

1. Glycerol
oral sol (hosp)
2. Acetazolamide
tab
3. Pilocarpine
eye drop (as hydrochloride or nitrate)
4. Timolol maleate
eye drop
5. Betaxolol hydrochloride
eye susp, eye sol
191
6. Brimonidine tartrate
eye drop
1. topical beta-blockers
2. (adjunct therapy)
7. Brinzolamide
eye susp
8. Bimatoprost
eye drop
Bimatoprost 0.03%w/v 3 ml 139.00

( ) 730
www.nlem.in.th
11.5 Local anaesthetics
192
1. Tetracaine hydrochloride
eye drop
11.6 Tear deficiency, ocular lubricants and astringents

1. Hypromellose (with preservative)
eye drop
2. Carbomer (with preservative, with/without sorbitol)

eye gel
3. White petrolatum + Mineral oil + Liquid lanolin anhydrous (preservative free)

eye oint

preservative
193
4. Hypromellose + Dextran 70 (preservative free)

eye drop
preservative
5. Acetylcysteine (N-acetylcysteine)
eye drop
mucus mucus
6. Dried protein-free dialysate of calf blood
eye gel
11.7 Ocular diagnostic and peri-operative preparations and photodynamic

treament
1. Balance salt
sol for ocular irrigation , sol for intraocular irrigation
194
2. Carbachol
sterile sol for intraocular use

3. Diclofenac sodium with preservative
eye drop
4. Fluorescein sodium
sterile sol for inj
5. Sodium chondroitin sulfate + Sodium hyaluronate

6. Sodium hyaluronate
195
7. Bevacizumab
sterile sol
(2)
1. age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

3
2. diabetic macular edema (DME)
3
196
12. Ear, nose, oropharynx and oral cavity

12.1 Drugs acting on the ear
12.1.1 Otitis externa & otitis media
1. Chloramphenicol
ear drop
2. Dexamethasone + Framycetin sulfate + Gramicidin

ear drop/ear oint ( 0.5 mg+5 mg+0.05 mg in 1 ml or 1 g)
3. Hydrocortisone + Neomycin sulfate + Polymyxin B sulfate

ear drop ( 10 mg + 3400 U + 10000 U in 1 ml)
12.1.2 Drug used in otomycosis

1. Acetic acid
ear drop (hosp) ( 2% in aqueous 2% in 70% isopropyl alcohol)

197
2. Boric acid
ear drop (hosp) ( 3% in isopropyl alcohol)

3. Gentian violet
sol (hosp)

4. Clotrimazole
ear drop
12.1.3 Other drugs acting on the ear

1. Ofloxacin
ear drop

Chloramphenicol

guideline
quinolones
198
ear drop (hosp)
12.2 Drugs acting on the nose

12.2.1 Drugs used in nasal allergy
1. Budesonide
nasal spray
199
2. Fluticasone furoate
nasal spray
2
1.
2.
Fluticasone furoate 27.5 mcg/dose 120 dose

240.75 ( ) 730

www.nlem.in.th
12.2.2 Topical nasal decongestants

1. Ephedrine hydrochloride
nasal drop (hosp) ( 0.5-3%)
2
200
2. Sodium chloride
sterile sol (for irrigation) ( 0.9%)
3. Oxymetazoline hydrochloride
nasal drop, nasal spray
12.3 Drugs acting on the oropharynx and oral cavity

12.3.1 Drugs used in treatment of oral ulcer
1. Borax (in glycerin)
sol, sol (hosp)
mouthwash sol / mouthwash sol (hosp) ( 0.1-0.2% w/v)
3. Fluocinolone acetonide
oral cream (hosp), oral gel (hosp), sol (hosp)
4. Talbot's solution
sol (hosp)
5. Iodine Paint, compound

sol (hosp)
201
6. Iodofrom (in ether)

sol (hosp)
12.3.2 Oropharyngeal antifungal drugs

1. Clotrimazole
lozenge
2. Miconazole nitrate
oral gel
3. Nystatin
oral susp
12.3.3 Antiseptics for root canal treatment

1. Camphorated parachlorophenol
sol (hosp)
2. Camphorated phenol
sol (hosp)
sol (hosp) ( 2% )
4. Clove oil
oil
202
5. EDTA
sol (hosp) ( 14% 17% )
6. Formocresol (Cresolated formaldehyde, Formaldehyde and Cresol solution)

sol (hosp)

7. Sodium hypochlorite
sol (hosp)
12.3.4 Drugs used in prevention and treatment of dental plaque and caries
mouthwash sol / mouthwash sol (hosp) ( 0.1-0.2%w/v)
2. Sodium fluoride
tab, oral sol
uorosis

12.3.5 Other dental preparations
1. Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
sterile sol
203
2. Artificial saliva (Saliva substitutes)

sol (hosp)
3. Hydrogen peroxide
mouthwash sol (1.5% w/v )
4. Sodium chloride
sterile sol
5. Special mouthwash
mouthwash sol (hosp)
chloroxylenol
6. Tincture of iodine (lodine in alcohol)
sol, sol (hosp)
7. Zinc oxide
pwdr (hosp)
remove

8. Zinc oxide with zinc acetate
pwdr (hosp)
204
9. Carnoy's solution
sol (hosp)
10. White head varnish

varnish (hosp)
205
13. Skin
13.1 Anti-infective skin preparations
13.1.1 Antibacterial preparations
1. Sulfadiazine silver (Silver sulfadiazine)
cream
2. Fusidic acid
cream
3. Sodium fusidate
oint
4. Mupirocin
oint
Methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA)

13.1.2 Antifungal preparations
1. Benzoic acid + Salicylic acid (Whitfields ointment)
oint, oint (hosp)
206
2. Sodium thiosulfate
sol, sol (hosp)
3. Clotrimazole
cream
4. Ketoconazole
cream
13.1.3 Parasiticidal preparations

1. Benzyl benzoate
emulsion/lotion ( 25%)
2. Sulfur (Sulphur)
oint
3. Permethrin
cream ( 5%)
207

1. Aluminium acetate (Aluminium subacetate)
sol (hosp)
2. Mineral oil
oil (hosp)
3. Olive oil
oil
4. Urea
cream (hosp), oint (hosp)
5. White petrolatum
oint (hosp)
6. Zinc oxide
oint (hosp), paste (hosp)
7. Zinc sulfate
lotion (hosp)
13.3 Topical antipruritics
208
1. Calamine
lotion, lotion (hosp)
phenol phenol 0.5 - 1%

2. Menthol + Phenol + Camphor
topical dosage form (hosp)
13.4 Topical corticosteroids

systemic side-effect
1. Hydrocortisone acetate
cream
2. Prednisolone
cream
3. Betamethasone dipropionate
cream, oint
4. Betamethasone valerate
cream
209
5. Triamcinolone acetonide
cream, lotion
6. Clobetasol propionate
cream
7. Betamethasone valerate
lotion, sol
8. Desoximetasone (Desoxymethasone)
cream
9. Betamethasone dipropionate + Salicylic acid

oint ( 0.05% + 3%)
1. chronic eczema
2. (psoriasis)
oint
210

lotion

12. Mometasone furoate
cream
13.5 Other preparations for psoriasis (excluding topical corticosteroids)

1. Coal tar
topical dosage form (hosp)
2. Salicylic acid
lotion (hosp) , oint (hosp) , paste (hosp)
3. Dithranol (Anthralin)
paste (hosp)
211
4. Methotrexate
tab (as base or sodium)

5. Methoxsalen
tab, topical sol (paint)
6. Calcipotriol
oint
coal tar topical steroid
212
7. Acitretin
cap
1. methotrexate

2.

3
cap, oral sol
1.
methotrexate
2. atopic dermatitis

3.

213

1. Podophyllin (Podophyllum resin)
paint, paint (hosp)
2. Salicylic acid
oint (hosp), paste (hosp)
3. Silver nitrate
sol (hosp),crystal (hosp),stick (hosp)
4. Trichloroacetic acid
sol (hosp)
5. Salicylic acid + Lactic acid

colloidal sol
214
14. Immunological products and vaccines

1. Anti-D immunoglobulin, human
inj
2. BCG vaccine (Bacillus Calmette-Gurin)

inj
3. Diphtheria antitoxin (DAT)

inj
4. Diphtheria-Tetanus vaccine DT(children type) dT (adult type)

inj
5. Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis vaccine (whole cell) (DTPw)

inj
6. Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis-Hepatitis B vaccine (DTP-HB)

inj
7. Hepatitis B vaccine (HB)

inj
215
8. Inuenza vaccine 3 (trivalent)

1. 65
7

2.

3.
9. Inuenza vaccine pandemic Inuenza

10. Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccine (MMR)
inj
11. Measles vaccine

inj
12. Poliomyelitis vaccine, live attenuated (OPV)

oral sol, oral susp
13. Rabies immunoglobulin, horse (ERIG)

inj
216
14. Rabies vaccines human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV)

inj
1. post-exposure protection
2. pre-exposure protection
15. Rubella vaccine
inj
16. Tetanus antitoxin, horse

inj
17. Tetanus vaccine (Tetanus toxoid)

inj
18. Japanese encephalitis vaccine, inactivated (inactivated JE vaccine)

inj
217
19. Japanese encephalitis vaccine, live attenuated (Live Attenuated JE vaccine)

inj
inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine

20. Rabies immunoglobulin, human (HRIG)
inj
rabies immunoglobulin, horse (ERIG)

21. Tetanus antitoxin, human (Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin, human)
inj
tetanus antitoxin, horse
218
22. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin, human (HBIG)

inj
hepatitis B vaccine
1. HBsAg
2. HBsAg

3.
24
HBIG
219
15. Anaesthesia
15.1 General anaesthesia
15.1.1 Intravenous anaesthetics
1. Etomidate
sterile emulsion
(Induction of general anesthesia)

2. Propofol
sterile emulsion
3. Thiopental sodium (Thiopentone sodium)

sterile pwdr
220
4. Ketamine hydrochloride
sterile sol
2
1.

2.
3. (adjunct therapy) (intractable pain)
15.1.2 Inhalational anaesthetics
1. Halothane
volatile liquid
2. Isoflurane
volatile liquid
3. Sevoflurane
volatile liquid
15.1.3 Muscle relaxants (Neuromuscular blocking drugs)
221
1. Atracurium besilate
sterile sol
2. Cisatracurium besilate
sterile sol
3. Pancuronium bromide
sterile sol
4. Rocuronium bromide
sterile sol
5. Suxamethonium chloride (Succinylcholine chloride)

6. Vecuronium bromide
sterile pwdr
15.1.4 Sedative and analgesic peri-operative drugs

1. Diazepam
4
2. Fentanyl citrate
sterile sol
222
3. Morphine sulfate
sterile sol
2
4. Pethidine hydrochloride
sterile sol
2
5. Midazolam hydrochloride
sterile sol
2

6. Midazolam maleate
tab
2
(premedication) 2

15.1.5 Anticholinesterases and antimuscarinic drugs used in anaesthesia
223
1. Atropine sulfate
sterile sol

2. Neostigmine methylsulfate
sterile sol

15.1.6 Drugs for malignant hyperthermia
1. Dantrolene sodium
sterile pwdr
malignant hyperthermia
15.2 Local anaesthesia

1. Benzocaine
gel, oint
224
2. Lidocaine hydrochloride
gel, oint, spray, sterile sol (dental cartridge), sterile sol (local infiltration), viscous sol

3. Lidocaine + Prilocaine
cream
4. Lidocaine hydrochloride + Epinephrine

sterile sol (local infiltration), sterile sol (dental cartridge)
5. Mepivaciane hydrochloride
sterile sol (dental cartridge)
6. Mepivaciane hydrochloride + Epinephrine

sterile sol (dental cartridge)
7. Bupivacaine hydrochloride
sterile sol
local inltration

225
8. Bupivacaine hydrochloride
sterile sol
regional anesthesia analgesia

9. Lidocaine hydrochloride
sterile sol
regional anesthesia
10. Lidocaine hydrochloride + Epinephrine
sterile sol
regional anesthesia
226
16. Antidotes
(orphan drugs)

.. .0 2201 1083
.. .0 2419 7007
1. Acetylcysteine (N-acetylcysteine)
sterile sol
paracetamol
2. Antivenom sera
inj
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3. Polyvalent antivenom for hematotoxin
inj
227
4. Polyvalent antivenom for neurotoxin

inj

5. Atropine sulfate
sterile sol
cholinesterase inhibitors ( organophosphates, carbamates) cholinergic

crisis
6. Benzatropine mesilate (Benztropine mesylate)
sterile sol
dystonia
228
7. Calcium gluconate
sterile sol
hydrouoric acid calcium channel blockers

8. Charcoal, activated
pwdr

9. Diazepam
sterile sol
229
10. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride

cap, sterile sol

dystonia

11. Ethanol
sterile sol, sterile sol (hosp)
methanol ethylene glycol

12. Macrogols with electrolytes (Polyethylene glycol, PEG)
oral pwdr , oral pwdr (hosp)
(whole bowel irrigation)

phenol
13. Naloxone hydrochloride
sterile sol
1. opioids clonidine
2.
230
14. Pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM)

sterile pwdr
organophosphates
sterile sol ( 44.6 mEq)
1. hyperkalemia tricyclic antidepressants, antiarrythmics type

I
2. salicylates, metformin, phenformin
16. Vitamin K1 (Phytomenadione)
sterile sol
anticoagulants (coumarin derivatives)

17. Cyclophosphamide
sterile pwdr
paraquat
231
18. Deferoxamine mesilate (Desferrioxamine mesilate)

sterile pwdr

19. Dimercaprol (British Anti-Lewisite, BAL)
sterile oil solution for IM use
sodium calcium edetate

232
20. Penicillamine (D-Penicillamine)

cap, tab

(teratogen)
21. Protamine sulfate
sterile sol
heparin
22. Sodium calcium edetate (Edetate calcium disodium, Calcium EDTA)
sterile sol
233
23. Sodium nitrite

sterile sol , sterile sol (hosp)

cardiovascular collapse, methaemoglobinaemia
24. Sodium thiosulfate

25. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine hydrochloride)

sterile sol ( 50 mg)

Isoniazid (Gyromitra spp.)
234
26. Botulinum antitoxin

inj
Botulism
27. Calcium folinate (Leucovorin calcium)
cap, tab, sterile pwdr, sterile sol
1. folic acid antagonists, methotrexate, trimethoprim pyrimethamine

2. methotrexate
3. uorouracil (5-FU)
28. Flumazenil
sterile sol
benzodiazepines
235
29. Mesna
sterile sol
ifosfamide cyclophosphamide ( 1.5 g/m2)
30. Methylene blue (Methylthioninium chloride)

methemoglobinaemia

G6PD
31. Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
sterile sol (as bitartrate or hydrochloride)
beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers

theophylline
236
32. Phenobarbital sodium (Phenobarbitone sodium)

4

33. Succimer
cap
237
17. Contrast media and Radiopharmaceuticals

17.1 X - ray contrast media, iodinated
17.1.1 Drugs used in urography and computed tomography
238
1. Iopromide
sterile sol ( 300 mg/ml as iodine), (50 ml, 100 ml) sterile sol ( 370
mg/ml as iodine), (100 ml)

urography computed tomography (CT)
1. 300 mg/ml multi-slice CT 370 mg/ml

single-slice CT (computed
tomography angiography; CTA)
2. Iopromide 300 mg/ml (Iodine) 50 ml 369.15
( )
( )
( )
2-4 730
www.nlem.in.th
239

1. Iopamidol
sterile sol ( 300 mg/ml as iodine), (100 ml)
interventional neuroradiology
Iopamidol 300 mg/ml (Iodine) 100 ml

1

1 791.80 ( )
740
www.nlem.in.th
240
2. Iopromide
sterile sol ( 300 370 mg/ml as iodine), (100 ml)
1. 300 mg/ml as iodine diagnostic angiography body

interventional radiology
2. 370 mg/ml as iodine body interventional radiology

( )
( )
1 2 730
www.nlem.in.th
17.1.3 Drugs used in myelography
241
1. Iopamidol
sterile sol ( 300 mg/ml as iodine), (10 ml)
myelography
Iopamidol 300 mg/ml (Iodine) 10 ml

403.39 ( ) 740
www.nlem.in.th
17.1.4 Drugs used in cardiovascular catheterization
242
1. Iopromide
sterile sol ( 300 370 mg/ml as iodine), (50 ml, 100 ml)
cardiovascular catheterization


( )
( )
( )
( )
1-4 730
www.nlem.in.th
17.1.5 Drugs used in Intracavitary, Hysterosalpingography (HSG), Urethrography, Voiding
243
17.1.5 Drugs used in Intracavitary, Hysterosalpingography (HSG), Urethrography, Voiding

cysto-urethrography
1. Meglumine ioxitalamate + Sodium ioxitalamate
sterile sol ( 350 mg/ml as iodine), (50 ml, 100 ml)
intracavitary, hysterosalpingography (HSG), urethrography, voiding cystourethrography
1. Meglumine ioxitalamate + Sodium ioxitalamate 350 mg/ml

(Iodine) 50 ml 321.00 ( )
2. Meglumine ioxitalamate + Sodium ioxitalamate 350 mg/ml
(Iodine) 100 ml 620.60 ( )
1-2 730
www.nlem.in.th
17.2 X - ray contrast media, non - iodinated
244
1. Barium sulfate
pwdr for oral susp
Barium sulfate
17.3 Magnetic resonance imaging contrast media (MRI diagnostic agents)
245
1. Meglumine gadopentetate
sterile sol ( 469 mg/ml of gadopentetic acid ), (10 ml, 15 ml)
MRI
1. creatinine clearance (GFR) 60 ml/min/1.73 m2

2. Meglumine gadopentetate 469 mg/ml (gadopentetic acid) 10 ml
631.30 ( )
3. Meglumine gadopentetate 469 mg/ml (gadopentetic acid) 15 ml
909.50 ( )
2 3 730
www.nlem.in.th
246
2. Meglumine gadoterate
sterile sol ( 377 mg/ml of gadoteric acid), (10 ml, 15 ml)
MRI
1. creatinine clearance (GFR) 30 - 60 ml/min/1.73 m2

2. Meglumine gadoterate 377 mg/ml (gadoteric acid) 10 ml
684.80 ( )
3. Meglumine gadoterate 377 mg/ml (gadoteric acid) 15 ml
984.40 ( )
2 3 730
www.nlem.in.th
17.4 Radiopharmaceuticals
247
1. Tc-99m dextran
sterile sol for inj (hosp)
(lymphatic obstruction)
2. Tc-99m diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (DTPA)
sterile sol for inj (hosp), aerosol for inhalation (hosp)
1. glomerular ltration rate (GFR)

2. (ventilation lung scan)
3. Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA)
1.
2.
248
4. Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid V (DMSA [V])

medullary thyroid cancer

5. Tc-99m iminodiacetic acid (IDA)

6. Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP)

7. Tc-99m phytate
249
8. Tc-99m sulfur colloid

reticuloendothelial system
250
Botulinum A toxin
Botulinum A toxin
(cervical dystonia)
(idiopathic)
1.
(pre botulinum A toxin
authorization)

2

botulinum A toxin

2.
3.
4. [1]
botulinum A toxin
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2 ( 50%)

4.1.3
5

251
4.1.4
sensory tricks

4.1.5
torticollis

4.1.6

4.1.7 20

(secondary cervical dystonia)
4.2
4.2.1 20

4.2.2 20-50

/ 5 10 ( visual analogue scale)
4.2.3 50
5
10 ( visual analogue scale)
4.3

4.4
4.5

4.6
1 30%
1 2

4.7 4.6

252

4.8 1 300 unit/ Botox 1,000
unit/ Dysport
4.9 (terminally ill)[2]
4.10
[3]

5.
Botox
50-150 unit 1
Dysport
250-500 unit 1
3
3
antibody
253
Botulinum A toxin
(hemifacial spasm)
(idiopathic)
1.
botulinum A toxin
(pre
authorization)
2.
3.

- 2
4. [4]
botulinum A toxin
4.1

4.1.1

( 7)
(facial synkinesia)
4.1.2 (orbicularis oculi)
(orbicularis oris)
4.1.3 clonic spasm

tonic spasm tonic clonic
tonic-clonic spasm
4.1.4
4.1.5 2.5 45-60
50-54

(symptomatic hemifacial spasm)
254
4.2
4.2.1
(orbicularis oculi) (eyelid contraction)

4.2.2
10-50% (palpebral ssure)

4.2.3
50-100% (palpebral ssure) tonic spasm
4.3

4.4
4.5 botulinum A toxin
4.5.1 2 ( 6)
antibody
4.5.2
4.5.3
4.7 1 100 unit/ Botox 400
unit/ Dysport
4.8
[6]

5.
Botox
15-30 unit 1
Dysport
60-120 unit 1
3
3
antibody
6.
255
6.
6.1 6 (peak
improvement)
6.2 subjective assessment

visual analogue scale
( )
256

1. ^
(2)

2. ^ (terminally ill)
(incurable) (irreversible)

(palliative care)

3. ^

(2)
4. ^
(2)


(palliative care)

6. ^

(2)
257
Liposomal
amphotericin B
Liposomal amphotericin B
invasive fungal infections
Conventional amphotericin B
1.

liposomal amphotericin B
(post-authorization)
liposomal amphotericin B (pre-authorization)
24

2.

3.
3.1

2
3.2 2 3.1

4. [1]
liposomal amphotericin B invasive fungal infections

conventional amphotericin B
4.1
(denite) invasive fungal infections

4.1.1 (hyphae) (yeast)

258

(sterile site)
4.1.2 (mold)

( bronchoalveolar
lavage (BAL) )

4.1.3

4.2 (probable) invasive fungal infections
denite
4.2.1 1 neutrophil < 500/mm3
allogeneic
10
0.3 prednisolone 3

ciclosporin, specic monoclonal antibody
alemtuzumab 90

4.2.2
CT chest 1 dense well
circumscribed lesion air-crescent sign cavity
ulcer, nodule, pseudomembrane, eschar
plaque trachea bronchus
1

eschar

1 2
enhancement MRI CT

4.2.3

BAL bronchial brush sinus aspirate
galactomannan Aspergillus beta D glucan
invasive fungal infection

Cryptococcus
Zygomycetes
4.3 conventional amphotericin B

4.3.1
conventional amphotericin B serum creatinine
2 > 3.0 mg/dL serum
creatinine 3 NSS
259
creatinine 3 NSS
conventional amphotericin B
4.3.2 ( serum creatinine >
2.0 mg/dL chronic dialysis ) conventional amphotericin B serum
creatinine > 1.0 mg/dL
4.3.3 conventional amphotericin B
3
refractory hypokalemia
( < 18 ) serum creatinine

4.4 serum creatinine > 3.0 mg/dL
chronic dialysis end stage renal disease liposomal
amphotericin B conventional amphotericin B
4.5 7 3 5

4.6 (terminally ill)
[2]
4.7

5.
3-5 1 1 IV infusion 2
( 1 )
6.
6.1
6.1.1 candidemia fungemia 14
7

)
6.1.2 deep organ infection

4-12

6.2 liposomal amphotericin B
260
[3]
6.2.1

6.2.2 7

(persistent)

liposomal amphotericin B

261

1. ^
(2)


(palliative care)

3. ^
(2)
262
Leuprorelin acetate
Leuprorelin acetate
central (gonadotrophin dependent)
precocious puberty
1.
(pre leuprorelin acetate
authorization) 12
30
2.

2.1

2.2

(2)

3.
- 2
4. [1]
leuprorelin acetate central (gonadotrophin dependent)

precocious puberty
4.1 central precocious puberty

(secondary sex characteristics) 8

9
4.2
4.2.1 luteinizing hormone (LH)
(pubertal
LH level) basal LH 0.3-0.5 IU/L peak LH

263
LH level) basal LH 0.3-0.5 IU/L peak LH

gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) 6 IU/L (ICMA) 10 IU/L
(RIA) LH/FSH
GnRH 1
4.2.2 1.0 SD
6-12
4.2.3 MRI MRI
7
7
ultrasound pelvis
4.3 leuprorelin acetate 11
12
4.4 12.5
14

4.6
[3]

5.
5.1 100-150 IM SC 4
5.2 3-6 (peak

LH 1-2 4-5 IU/L) 300
4
6.
6.1

(2) 1

6.2 leuprorelin acetate

(bone age) 13 14
(chronological age) 9 10
(
maturity )
264
265

1. ^
(2)


(palliative care)

3. ^
(2)
266
Docetaxel
Docetaxel

1.
(pre-authorization)
docetaxel
2.
3.
4. [1]
docetaxel
4.1 anthracycline
4.2 Eastern Co-operation Oncology Group

(ECOG) performance status 0 2 ( ECOG 0-2)
ECOG PERFORMANCE STATUS SCALE
SCALE
Description of scale
ASYMPTOMATIC
NORMAL ACTIVITY.
SYMPTOMATIC ; AMBULATORY
ABLE TO CARRY OUT ACTIVITY OF DAILY LIVING.
267
SYMPTOMATIC ; IN BED LESS THAN 50% OF THE DAY;

OCCASIONALLY NEED NURSING CARE.
SYMPTOMATIC ; IN BED MORE THAN 50% OF THE DAY ;

NEED NURSING CARE.
BED RIDDEN
MAY NEED HOSPITALISATION.

4.4
[3]

5.
75 1 (
60-100 1 ) 1
( ) cycle 3
dexamethasone pre-medication
(uid retention)
tumor response TTP (time to tumor

progression) overall survival
6.
6.1 maximum response ( ) 12 cycle

6.2 (drug holiday) 6-8
cycle
6.3 6-8 cycle
268
Docetaxel
non-small cell
1.
(pre-authorization)
docetaxel
2.
3.
4. [4]
docetaxel non-small cell

4.1 platinum

SCALE
ASYMPTOMATIC
NORMAL ACTIVITY.
ABLE TO CARRY OUT ACTIVITY OF DAILY
LIVING.
SYMPTOMATIC ; IN BED LESS THAN 50%

OF THE DAY;
269
SYMPTOMATIC ; IN BED MORE THAN 50%

OF THE DAY ;
NEED NURSING CARE.
BED RIDDEN

4.4
[6]

5.
1 1
60-75
( ) cycle 3
(uid retention)
6.
6.1 4 cycle
6.2 6 cycle
270
Docetaxel

1.
(pre-authorization)
docetaxel
2.
3.
4. [1]
docetaxel
4.1
4.2 prednisolone

SCALE
ASYMPTOMATIC
NORMAL ACTIVITY.
ABLE TO CARRY OUT ACTIVITY OF DAILY LIVING.
SYMPTOMATIC ; IN BED LESS THAN 50% OF THE DAY;

271
SYMPTOMATIC ; IN BED MORE THAN 50% OF THE DAY ;

NEED NURSING CARE.
BED RIDDEN
4.4
4.6
[3]

5.
1 1
60-75
( ) cycle 3
prednisolone 5 2
(uid retention)

6.
6 cycle
272

1. ^
(2)


(palliative care)

3. ^
(2)
273
Imatinib mesilate
Imatinib mesilate
chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) chronic
stable phase
1.
(pre imatinib mesilate
authorization)
2.

Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22)(q34;q11) quantitative
chromosome study
chromosomal cytogenetic real-time
quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) uorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)

3.
4. [1]
imatinib mesilate CML
4.1 CML chronic stable phase

4.1.1 Philadelphia chromosome positive quantitative

chromosome study
4.1.2 BCR-ABL gene positive polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) uorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
274
4.2 imatinib mesilate
4.2.1 complete hematologic response 6

4.2.2 major cytogenetic response 12
4.2.3 complete cytogenetic response 18
cytogenetic response metaphase
chromosome analysis metaphase 3

4.4
[3]

5.
5.1 400
5.2 imatinib mesilate 400
6.
complete cytogenetic response chromosome 6

Philadelphia chromosome CBC
3 Philadelphia chromosome
complete cytogenetic response imatinib mesilate
RQ-PCR cytogenetic
6 cytogenetic 12 metaphase
3
275
Imatinib mesilate
gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs)

1.
(pre imatinib mesilate
authorization)
2.

computerized tomography
(CT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
3.
4. [1]
imatinib mesilate GISTs
4.1 GISTs (gastrointestinal stromal tumors) Kit

(CD117)
4.2
4.3 imatinib mesilate
progressive disease
4.5
[3]

5.
5.1 400
5.2 imatinib mesilate (400 )

400
276
6.
6.1 12
computerized tomography (CT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
6.2 SWOG (south west oncology group) RECIST
(response evaluation criteria in solid tumor) criteria
. (complete)
. (partially response)
. (stable) SWOG (Southwest Oncology Group) RECIST criteria
6.3
(
25%)
2
stable disease progressive disease
277

1. ^
(2)


(palliative care)

3. ^
(2)
278
Human normal
immunoglobulin, intravenous (IVIG)
Human normal immunoglobulin,
intravenous (IVIG)
(acute phase of Kawasaki
disease)
1.

1.1 IVIG

IVIG
1.2
IVIG 1 (pre-authorization)

2.
2.1 echocardiogram
2.2
echocardiogram 2

(2)

3.
4. [1]
IVIG
4.1
4.1.1 5
4.1.2 4 5
279

(bulbar)

( )
( 2 3 )
(polymorphous rash)
1.5
(
4.1.3
measles, adenovirus, enterovirus, Epstein-Barr virus), scarlet fever, staphylococcal
scalded skin syndrome, toxic shock syndrome, bacterial cervical lymphadenitis, drug
hypersensitivity reactions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis,
Rocky mountain spotted fever, leptospirosis, mercury hypersensitivity reaction
(acrodynia)
4.2 (incomplete Kawasaki disease)
American Heart Association

American Academy of Pediatrics (AHA/AAP guidelines)
4.2.1 ESR > 40 mm/hour / CRP > 3 mg/dL
3
ALT 2.5
WBC count > 15,000/mm3
( )
platelet count > 450,000/mm3 ( 7 )
> 10/HPF
serum albumin < 3g/dL
4.2.2 echocardiogram
IVIG IVIG
4.3
1 ( 5)

IVIG dose 36 - 48
280

4.5
[3]

5.
2 1 (single dose)
10
continuous drip 0.6 1

30 ( 4.8 1
) IVIG 12
6.
6.1 15 2
1
6.2
6.3 echocardiogram
echocardiogram 2
6.4 echocardiogram 2
281

intravenous (IVIG)
(primary
immunodeficiency diseases)
1.

IVIG
1.1 Post- Authorization

(life-threatening) IVIG
IVIG
1.2 Pre-Authorization
(Replacement

Therapy)
(course) IVIG

post-authorization

2.
2.1
3
2.2

(2)
3
3.

3.1

3-6
282
3.2
4.

4.1 (clinical presentation)

4.1.1

spectrum

1

4.1.2

2
4.1.3

1 spectrum

A. Bacterial respiratory tract and gastrointestinal infections
Haemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Neisseria meningitidis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mycoplasma, Campylobacter, Ureaplasma urealyticum
B. Enterovirus
Echovirus virus
Coxsackie virus A B
Poliovirus
C. Opportunistic organism Pneumocystis jirovecii (Pneumocystic carinii)
283

A.
Complete blood count (CBC)
Quantitative serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM) levels
B.
CD marker CD3, CD4, CD8 (T cells), CD19 or CD20 (B cells), CD16/56 (NK
cells)
Serum IgE level
IgG subclasses
T cell function
Antigen specific antibody response
4.2

4.2.1 Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) Male or female, one of
major isotypes (IgM, IgG, and IgA) < 2 SD mean for age and all of the following criteria
1. Onset > 2 years of age
2. Absent isohemagglutinin and/or poor response to vaccine
3. Defined causes of hypogammaglobulinemia have been excluded
4.2.2 Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) Male or female < 2 years of
age with either
1. < 20% CD3+T cells, an absolute lymphocyte count < 3,000/mm3 and
proliferative responses to mitogen less than 10% of control or
2. The presence of maternal lymphocytes in the circulation
4.2.3 DiGeorge anomaly Male or female with CD3+T cells < 1,500/mm3 and at
least one of the following:
1. Cardiac defect
2. Hypocalcemia of greater than 3 weeks duration that requires therapy
3. Dysmorphic facies or palatal abnormalities
4.2.4 X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA or Bruton's
agammaglobulinemia) Male patients with less than 2% CD19+ B cells in whom other
284
agammaglobulinemia) Male patients with less than 2% CD19+ B cells in whom other
causes of hypogammaglobulinemia have been excluded and at least one of the
following criteria:
1. Onset of recurrent bacterial infections in the first 5 years of life
2. Serum IgG, IgM, and IgA more than 2 SD below normal for age
3. Absence of isohemagglutinins
4.2.5 Autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia Male or female patients with
less than 2% CD19+ B cells in whom other causes of hypogamma-globulinemia have
been excluded and at least one of the following criteria:
1. Onset of recurrent bacterial infections in the first 5 years of life
2. Serum IgG, IgM, and IgA more than 2 SD below normal for age
3. Absence of isohemagglutinins
4.2.6 X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome Male patient with serum IgG concentration <
2 SD below normal for age, normal number of T cells and B cells and one or more of
the following: Male or female with CD3+T cells < 1,500/mm3 and at least one of the
following:
1. Serum IgM concentration at least 2 SD above normal for age
2. Pneumocystis jiroveci in the first year of life
3. Parvovirus-induced aplastic anemia
4. Cryptosporidium-related diarrhea
5. Severe liver disease (sclerosing cholangitis)
4.2.7 Autosomal recessive hyper-IgM syndrome Male or female patient with
serum IgG and IgA concentration < 2 SD below normal for age, serum IgM
concentration at least 2 SD above normal for age, normal number of T cells and B
cells, and lymphadenopathy
4.2.8 Ataxia telangiectasia Male or female with progressive cerebellar ataxia
and at least one of the following
1. Ocular or facial telangiectasia
2. Serum IgA < 2 SD normal for age
3. Alpha fetoprotein > 2 SD
4. Increased chromosomal breakage after exposure to irradiation
4.2.9 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome Male patient with congenital thrombocytopenia
(less than 70,000/mm3), small platelets, or male patient splenectomized for
285
(less than 70,000/mm3), small platelets, or male patient splenectomized for

thrombocytopenia, and at least one of the following
1. Eczema
2. Abnormal antibody response to polysaccharide antigens
3. Recurrent bacterial or viral infections
4. Autoimmune diseases
5. Lymphoma, leukemia, or brain tumors
4.2.10 X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) Male patient experiencing
death, lymphoma/Hodgkin disease, immunodeficiency, aplastic anemia, or
lymphohistiocytic disorder following acute EBV infection
4.2.11 Isolated IgG subclass deficiency All of the following
1. Reduction in one or more of IgG subclass (value below 2 SD for age
appropriate level)
2. No other cause of other primary immunodeficiency can be identified
4.2.12 IgA with IgG subclass deficiency All of the following
1. Reduced IgA (value below 2 SD for age appropriate level)
2. Reduction in one or more of IgG subclass (value below 2 SD for age
appropriate level)
4.2.13 Specific antibody deficiency with normal Ig concentrations and numbers
of B cells All of the following
1. Abnormal antibody response to vaccine
4.2.14 Reticular dysgenesis All of the following without other cause such as
malignancy or drug
1. Markedly decreased T cells
2. Decreased or normal B cells
3. Decreased serum Immunoglobulin
4. Granulocytopenia
5. Thrombocytopenia
4.2.15 Omenn syndrome All of the following
1. Normal or decreased B cells
286
1. Normal or decreased B cells

2. Decreased serum immunoglobulin
3. Elevated serum IgE
4. Erythroderma
5. Eosinophilia
6. Adenopathy
7. Hepatosplenomegaly
4.2.16 Thymoma with immunodeficiency (Good syndrome) All of the following
1. Thymoma
2. Decreased numbers of B cells
3. Decreased serum immunoglobulin
4.2.17 Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy At least criteria number 1-4
at the initial diagnosis
1. Age < 2 years old
2. Decreased serum IgG and IgA
3. Normal numbers of B cells
5. Recovery after 2 years of age
4.2.18 Cartilage hair hypoplasia All of the following
1. Normal or decreased numbers of T cells
2. Normal or decreased numbers of B cells
3. Short-limbed dwarfism with metaphyseal dysostosis
4. Sparse hair
5. Anemia
6. Neutropenia
4.2.19 Hyper-IgE syndrome (sporadic or autosomal dominant form) At least
criteria number 1-4
1. serum IgE > 2,000 IU/mL or more than 2 SD normal for age
2. Staphylococcal skin abscess
3. Pneumonia and pneumatocoele
4. Disorders of bone, joint, and teeth such as osteoporosis,
hyperextensible joint, scoliosis, retain primary teeth
5. Candidiasis
6. Facial features such as broad nasal bridge, and facial asymmetry
287
4.2.20 WHIM syndrome All of the following

1. Hypogammaglobulinemia
2. Decreased B cells
3. Severe neutropenia
4. Warts or human papilloma virus infection

4.2
1. Diagnostic criteria for primary immunodeficiencies by Pan-American Group for
Immunodeficiency (PAGID) and European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID)
Clin Immunol 1999;93:190-97.
2. Classification of primary immunodeficiency by Primary Immunodeficiency
Diseases Classification Committee, The International Union of Immunological
Societies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;117:883-96.

4.2

5. [1]
IVIG
(primary immunodeciency diseases)

5.1
(primary immunodeciency
3
diseases)
5.1.1
B cell X-linked
agammaglobulinemia, severe combined immunodeficiency
5.1.2
immunoglobulin
specic antibody common variable immunodeciency,
hyper-IgM syndrome
5.1.3
immunoglobulin
specic antibody Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, hyper-IgE
syndrome, specific antibody deficiency
5.1.4
immunoglobulin subclass
specic antibody

288

5.2 selective IgA deciency

IVIG

5.4
[3]

3

01 Common variable immunodeficiency
02 Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
03 DiGeorge anomaly
04 X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA or Bruton's agammaglobulinemia)
05 Autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia
06 X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome
07 Autosomal recessive hyper-IgM syndrome
08 Ataxia-telangiectasia and diseases of DNA repair defects
09 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
10 X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP)
11 Isolated IgG subclass deficiency
12 IgA with IgG subclass deficiency
13 Specific antibody deficiency with normal Ig concentrations and numbers of B
cells
14 Reticular dysgenesis
15 Omenn syndrome
16 Thymoma with immunodeficiency (Good syndrome)
17 Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy
18 Cartilage hair hypoplasia
19 Hyper- IgE syndrome
20 WHIM syndrome
6.
400-600 1 2-4
IgG trough level 500 800

bronchiectasis

289
7.

IgG subclass deciency IVIG
IVIG
6 1

IVIG

290

intravenous (IVIG)
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

1.
IVIG
2.
2.1
2.2
(2)

3.
4. [1]
IVIG idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

4.1 IVIG 2 1

4.2 ITP
4.2.1
4.2.2 isolated thrombocytopenia megakaryocyte

4.2.3
4.2.4 4.3 absolute indication 4.4 relative
indication
291
4.3 absolute indication ITP

4.3.1 IVIG IVIG IVIG

4.3.2 20,000/mm3
4.3.3

4.3.4 IVIG
anti-Rho (D) immune globulin, 37
4.4 relative indication ITP

4.4.1 50,000/mm3
4.4.2 anti-Rho (D) immune globulin
50,000/mm3
4.6
[3]

5.

400 1 2-5
1 1 2 0.6
1 30
( 4.8 1 ) IVIG 812 24
IVIG
292

intravenous (IVIG)
autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)

1.
IVIG
2.
2.1
2.2
(2)

3.
4. [1]
IVIG autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)

4.1 AIHA
4.1.1 acquired hemolytic anemia
4.1.2
cell
4.1.3 spherocyte, polychromasia nucleated red blood
4.1.4 direct Coombs test reticulocyte

count bilirubin (indirect bilirubin )
4.2
corticosteroid
293
4.3 unstable angina

(myocardial infarction) stroke
4.4
IVIG ( 1
1 5 )
4.6
[3]

5.
400 500 1 4-5 1 1

2 2 1

0.6

1 (30 1 )
30 4.8 1 (240
1 )
1 1
5-6

6.
6.1 15 2
1 IVIG 60
6.2
6.3
25-50
294

intravenous (IVIG)
GuillainBarr syndrome
1.
IVIG severe type, progressive

weakness acute respiratory failure ( 1-2 )
(Life-threatening) IVIG
(pre-authorization)
24-48
2.

Guillain Barr
syndrome ICU respiration care

3.
4.
GuillainBarr syndrome

4.1

deep tendon reexes (areexia) biceps
4
cerebrospinal uid (CSF) analysis 10

( )

4.2
symmetry
sensory symptoms signs

295

LMN
2-4
autonomic dysfunction

electrodiagnostic features (typical)
slow nerve conduction velocity conduction block
normal small compound muscle action potentials
absent or prolonged F-waves
acute denervation decreased recruitment / interference pattern
electrodiagnostic test
5. [1]
IVIG GuillainBarr syndrome
5.1 GuillainBarr syndrome
5.2
(
)
5.3 IVIG 2 1 1
IVIG 2
5.5
[3]

6.
2 1 1 2-5
( 0.4 1 5 ) continuous drip
IVIG 2
7.
IVIG plasma exchange

296

297

intravenous (IVIG)

(myasthenia gravis, acute exacerbation myasthenic
crisis)
1.
(post authorization)
IVIG
2.
3.
4. [1]
IVIG
( )
4.1

4.1.1

4.1.2
4.1.2.1 (oculomotor disturbance)
(facial palsy)
4.1.2.2
bulbar weakness
4.1.2.3 generalized weakness proximal muscle weakness
4.1.2.4 uctuation of weakness

4.1.3
4.1.3.1 (MG)
4.1.3.2 repetition nerve stimulation (RNS) test
4.1.3.3 prostigmine test
298
4.1.3.3 prostigmine test

4.1.3.4 single-ber electromyography (SFEMG)
4.2 IVIG 2 1
1 1.2 2

4.4
[3]

5.
IVIG 1-1.2 1
2
5.1 IVIG 0.4 3 2
2 ( 1.2 2 )
5.2 1 1 1 2
( 1 2 )
299

intravenous (IVIG)
pemphigus vulgaris

1.
IVIG
2.
3.
4.
pemphigus vulgaris

4.1 pemphigus vulgaris

4.2
histopathology pemphigus vulgaris

direct immunouorescence study IgG C3
keratinocyte (Intercellular space)
indirect immunouorescence study anti-intercellular antibody
enzyme link immunosorbent assay (ELISA) desmoglein 1 3

5. [1]
IVIG pemphigus vulgaris

5.1 pemphigus vulgaris 4
(body surface area involvement)

5.2

> 30%
300

5.3 IVIG

5.3.1 prednisolone 1 1

cyclophosphamide azathioprine 100
6
5.3.2

5.3.3 immunosuppressive drugs
5.4 IVIG 6 cycle 3 cycle

5.6
[3]

6.
2 1 cycle 3 1 cycle
3-4 3 cycle
3
6 cycle
301

intravenous (IVIG)
hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
1.
IVIG
2.
3.
4. [1]
IVIG hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)

4.1 HLH 4
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3 Cytopenia 2 cell lines ( 2 3 )
Hemoglobin < 9 g/dL ( 4 Hb < 12 g/dL)
Absolute neutrophil <1000/ L
Platelet < 100,000/ L
4.1.4 Hemophagocytosis
HLH

4.1.5 Hypertriglyceridemia / hypobrinogenemia

Fasting triglyceride > 2 mmol/L
Fibrinogen < 1.5 g/L
302
4.1.6 Serum ferritin > 500 g/L

4.1.7 Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sCD25) > 2400 U/mL
4.1.8 Natural killer cell activity
4.3
[3]

303

1. ^
(2)


(palliative care)

3. ^
(2)
304
Letrozole
Letrozole
hormone receptor
1.
(pre-authorization)
letrozole
2.

(2)

3.
4. [1]
letrozole
4.1 hormone receptor

4.2 (post menopause)
4.2.1 60
4.2.2
4.2.3 1
FSH estradiol

305

4.3
4.3.1 (advanced breast cancer)
4.3.2 (adjuvant therapy) switching
therapy
tamoxifen 2-3 letrozole 5
letrozole 2 tamoxifen 3 5
4.4 letrozole
4.4.1
4.4.2 progressive disease
4.4.3
4.4.4 letrozole
tamoxifen 60
4.6
[3]

5.
2.5
6.
progressive disease (
) tumor marker
imaging technique X-ray, CT
7.
letrozole
12001500
306
307

1. ^
(2)


(palliative care)

3. ^
(2)
308
Epoetin alfa/beta
(epoetin alpha/beta: EPO)
Epoetin alfa/beta (epoetin
alpha/beta: EPO)

1.
epoetin (EPO) 2 preauthorization

2 post-authorization
)
(
pre-authorization

2.
2.1

2.2

3.
3.1

2
3.2

309
3.2

2
4. [1]

erythropoietin

4.1

5 (Chronic kidney disease stage 5)
1
1.1 (Initial Phase)
5 EPO

1.1.1 EPO
Hb 10 g/dL Hct 30 %
5 ( GFR 15 ml/min/1.73 m2 end-stage

renal disease) [4]
Serum ferritin 100 ng/mL
TSAT 20%
1.1.2 EPO
(active bleeding)

EPO- resistant bone marrow disease aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic
syndrome,
myelobrosis, myelopthisic anemia pure red
cell aplasia (PRCA)
megaloblastic anemia

12
1.1.3 (co-morbid disease) (anemia)
Stool occult blood (Positive)

310

(Maintenance
1.2

5
phase) EPO
(maintenance phase)

1.2.1 EPO
EPO
dialysis Kt/V 3
( ) Kt/V
Kt/V 1.8/ Hemodialysis 2 /
Kt/V 1.2/ Hemodialysis 3 /
Kt/V 1.7/ Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal
Dialysis (CAPD)
Serum ferritin 6 Serum ferritin
100 ng/mL
TSAT 6 TSAT
20%
1.2.2 EPO

EPO-resistant bone marrow disease aplastic anemia,
myelodysplastic syndrome,myelobrosis, myelopthisic anemia
PRCA
1.2.3 (anemia)

4 (Chronic kidney disease stage 4)
2
2.1 (Initial Phase)
5 EPO

2.1.1 EPO
Hemoglobin (Hb) 10 g/dL Hematocrit (Hct)
30 %
311
30 %
4 ( GFR 15-30 mL/min/1.73 m2)

Serum ferritin 100 ng/mL
TSAT 20%
2.1.2 EPO
(active bleeding)

EPO-resistant bone marrow disease aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic
syndrome,
myelobrosis, myelopthisic anemia PRCA
megaloblastic anemia

12
Stool occult blood (Positive)

(Maintenance
2.2

4
phase) EPO
(maintenance phase)

2.2.1 EPO
EPO
Serum ferritin 6 Serum ferritin
100 ng/mL
TSAT 6 TSAT
20%
2.2.2 EPO

EPO-resistant bone marrow disease aplastic anemia,
myelodysplastic syndrome, myelofibrosis, myelopthisic anemia
PRCA
312

4.3 EPO PRCA EPO
4.4
[3]

313

1. ^
(2)


(palliative care)

3. ^
(2)
4. ^ KDOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Practice Recommendations for
Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease 2006.
314
Verteporn
Verteporfin

(predominantly classic subfoveal choroidal
neovascularization (CNV) due to age-related macular
degeneration (wet form))
1.
(pre-authorization)
verteporn
4 1

2.

2.1
(fundus uorescein angiography FFA)
2.2

(2)

3.
(2)
4. [1]
verteporn

4.1

315
4.2
( 50 )
4.3 4.2
4.4 6/60 20/200
verteporn
4.5 4 1
4.7
[3]

5.

15
10

316

1. ^
(2)


(palliative care)

3. ^
(2)
317
Peginterferon alfa
2a 2b Ribavirin
Peginterferon alfa 2a 2b Ribavirin
(chronic hepatitis C genotype 2, 3)

1.
Peginterferon alfa ( 2a/2b) Ribavirin

(pre-authorization)

2.

2.1 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA / HCV Genotype
2.2 Liver biopsy broscan
2.3 Histologic activity index (HAI) score Metavir score

3.
2
(2)

3.1

3.2 5

318
4.

Peginterferon alfa ( 2a/2b)
(genotype 2, 3)
4.1 (terminally ill) []
( )
4.2
Peginterferon alfa
4.2.1
( 2a/2b) Ribavirin
4.2.2

( )
4.2.3 18-65
4.2.4 Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 1.5
(Non-alcoholic
steato hepatitis; NASH)
4.2.5 HCV genotype 2 3 RNA positive 5,000 IU/ml
4.2.6 signicant brosis (F2) (Metavir 2)
broscan pKA 7.5
4.2.7 ChildPugh score 6
4.3 6

4.4
1) Interferon Ribavirin
2) (major depressive)
3)
4) ,
5) Interferon immune mediated
diseases
319
6)

7)
(major drug interaction)

8)
9)
10)
4.5
4.5.1 24
4.5.2
Peginterferon alfa
( 2a/2b) Ribavirin 4
4.5.3

4.6

5.

- Peginterferon alfa 2a: 180 (SC) 1
Ribavirin 800-1,400
- Peginterferon alfa 2b: 1.5 / (SC) 1
Ribavirin 800-1,400
Peginterferon alfa 2a Peginterferon alfa 2b

6.
320
7.
24
HCV RNA (End-of-treatment response;

ETR)
HCV RNA 24 2 (Sustained
virological response; SVR)
[] (terminally ill)

(palliative care)

. . .
. 11000
Email: nlem@fda.moph.go.th
321

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2.4 Beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs

3.5 Pulmonary surfactants

4.10.1 Drugs used in alcohol dependence

6.2.1 Thyroid hormones

8.3 Sex hormones and hormone antagonists in malignant disease

13.4 Topical corticosteroids

3. Aluminium hydroxide + Magnesium hydroxide + Simeticone 25-50 mg

4. Compound Cardamom Mixture sodium bicarbonate (Mist Carminative)

1.2 Antispasmodics and other drugs altering gut motility

3. Hyoscine butylbromide (Hyoscine-n-butylbromide)

1.3 Ulcer-healing drugs and drugs used in variceal bleeding

1. second-line drug H.pyroli

1. high output pancreatic stula

1.4 Drugs used in acute diarrhea

1. Oral rehydration salts (ORS)

1.5 Drugs used in chronic bowel disorders

chronic inammatory bowel disease

hepatic encephalopathy chronic constipation 6

10. Sodium phosphates

1.7 Local preparations for anal and rectal disorders

1.8 Drugs affecting intestinal secretions

bile-acid diarrhea short bowel syndrome

lipase activity 1,200 USP units/cap tab

cholestatic liver disease primary biliary cirrhosis, sclerosing cholangitis, biliary

5. Amiloride hydrochloride + Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

2.3 Anti-arrhythmic drugs

3. Lidocaine hydrochloride (preservative free)

ventricular tachycardia refractory supraventricular tachyarrhythmias

supraventricular arrhythmias (SVT) atrial brillation (AF)

supraventricular, ventricular atrial arrhythmias

2.4 Beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs

systolic heart failure

hypertensive emergencies hydralazine

2.5 Drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system and some other

2.5.4 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

2.5.5 Angiotensin-II receptor antagonists

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

2.6 Nitrates, calcium-channel blockers and other vasodilators

hypertensive emergencies coronary ischemia

2.6.2 Calcium-channel blockers

2.6.2 Calcium-channel blockers

ischemic heart disease (IHD)

ischemic heart disease (IHD) essential hypertension

1. Sildenafil (as citrate)

1. pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)

2. Isoprenaline hydrochloride (Isoproterenol hydrochloride)

2.7.2 Vasoconstrictor sympathomimetics

1. deep vein thrombosis pulmonary embolism

ACS conservative fondaparinux

acute coronary syndrome Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

fondaparinux 2.5 mg (0.5 ml) syringe 208.65

2.9 Antiplatelet drugs

2.10 Fibrinolytic drugs

2. Alteplase (Recombinant tissue - type plasminogen activator)

3. Human thrombin + Calcium chloride + Fibrinogen +Tranexamic acid

5. Factor IX concentrate, dried

Factor VIII concentrate, dried

Factor VIII concentrate, dried

2.12 Lipid-regulating drugs

2.1.1 cardiovascular event LDL-C

2.1.2 (coronary heart disease) LDL-C

2.2.1.1 , abdominal aortic aneurysm

3) HDL cholesterol 40 mg/dL ( HDL-C 60 mg/dL