Chapter 21

Sample Survey
Learning Objectives
1.

Learn what a sample survey is and how it differs from an experiment as a method of collecting data.

2.

Know about the methods of data collection for a survey.

3.

Know the difference between sampling and nonsampling error.

4.

Learn about four sample designs: (1) simple random sampling, (2) stratified simple random
sampling, (3) cluster sampling, and (4) systematic sampling.

5.

Lean how to estimate a population mean, a population total, and a population proportion using the
above sample designs.

6.

Understand the relationship between sample size and precision.

7.

Learn how to choose the appropriate sample size using stratified and simple random sampling.

8.

Learn how to allocate the total sample to the various strata using stratified simple random sampling.

21 - 1

Chapter 21

Solutions:
1.

2.

a.

x = 215 is an estimate of the population mean.

b.

sx =

c.

215 2(2.7386) or 209.5228 to 220.4772

a.

Estimate of population total = N x = 400(75) = 30,000

b.

Estimate of Standard Error = Ns x

20
50

800 50
= 2.7386
800

8 400 80
Nsx = 400
= 320

400
80
c.
3.

30,000 2(320) or 29,360 to 30,640

a.

p = .30 is an estimate of the population proportion

b.

1000 100 (.3)(.7)

sp =

= .0437
1000 99

c.

.30 2(.0437) or .2126 to .3874

4.

B = 15
n=

(70) 2
4900
=
= 72.9830
2
2
(15)
(70)
67.1389
+
4
450

A sample size of 73 will provide an approximate 95% confidence interval of width 30.
5.

a.

x = 149,670 and s = 73,420

sx =

771 50 73, 420

= 10,040.83
771 50
approximate 95% confidence interval
149,670 2(10,040.83)
or
$129,588.34 to $169,751.66

b.

X = N x = 771(149,670) = 115,395,570
sx$ = N sx = 771(10,040.83) = 7,741,479.93

21 - 2

Sample Survey

approximate 95% confidence interval

115,395,770 2(7,741,479.93)
or
$99,912,810.14 to $130,878,729.86
c.

771 50 (.36)(.64)
p = 18/50 = 0.36 and s p =

= .0663
49
771

approximate 95% confidence interval

0.36 2(0.0663)
or
0.2274 to 0.4926
This is a rather large interval; sample sizes must be rather large to obtain tight confidence intervals
on a population proportion.

6.

B = 5000/2 = 2500 Use the value of s for the previous year in the formula to determine the
necessary sample size.
n=

(31.3) 2
979.69
=
= 336.0051
2
2
(2.5)
(31.3)
2.9157
+
4
724

A sample size of 337 will provide an approximate 95% confidence interval of width no larger than
$5000.
7.

a.

Stratum 1: = 138
Stratum 2: x2 = 103
Stratum 3: x3 = 210

b.

Stratum 1
x1 = 138
30 200 20
sx1 =
= 6.3640

200
20
138 2(6.3640)
or
125.272 to 150.728
Stratum 2
x2 = 103
25 250 30
sx2 =
= 4.2817

250
30

21 - 3

Chapter 21
103 2(4.2817)
or
94.4366 to 111.5634
Stratum 3
x3 = 210
50 100 25
sx3 =
= 8.6603

100
25
210 2(8.6603)
or
192.6794 to 227.3206
c.

200
250
100
xst =
138 + 550 103 + 550 210
550

= 50.1818 + 46.8182 + 38.1818

= 135.1818
1
(30) 2
(25) 2
(50) 2
sxst =
200(180)
+ 250(220)
+ 100(75)

2
20
30
25
(550)
1
=
2
(550)

3,515,833.3 = 3.4092

approximate 95% confidence interval

135.1818 2(3.4092)
or
128.3634 to 142.0002

8.

a.

Stratum 1: N1 x1 = 200(138) = 27,600

Stratum 2: N 2 x2 = 250(103) = 25,750
Stratum 3: N 3 x3 = 100(210) = 21,000

b.

N xst = 27,600 + 25,750 + 21,000 = 74,350

Note: the sum of the estimate for each stratum total equals N xst

c.

N xst = 550(3.4092) = 1875.06 (see 7c)

approximate 95% confidence interval
74,350 2(1875.06)
or
70,599.88 to 78,100.12

21 - 4

Sample Survey

9.

a.

Stratum 1
p1 = .50
200 20 (.50)(.50)
s p1 =

= .1088
19
200

50 2(.1088)
or
.2824 to .7176
Stratum 2
p2 = .78
250 30 (.78)(.22)
s p2 =

= .0722
29
250

.78 2(.0722)
or
.6356 to .9244
Stratum 3
p3 = .21
100 25 (.21)(.79)
s p3 =

= .0720
24
100

.21 2(.0720)
or
.066 to .354
200
250
100
(.50) +
(.78) +
(.21) = .5745
550
550
550

b.

pst =

c.

1
(.5)(.5)
(.78)(.22)
(.21)(.79)
s pst =
200(180)
+ 250(220)
+ 100(75)

2
(550)
19
29
24

1
=
2
(550)

d.

(473.6842 + 325.4483 + 51.8438) = .0530

approximate 95% confidence interval

.5745 2(.0530)
or
.4685 to .6805

21 - 5

Chapter 21

10. a.

n=

[ 300(150) + 600(75) + 500(100)]

(20) 2
2
2
(1400) 2
+ 300(150) + 600(75) + 500(100)
2

(140, 000) 2
= 92.8359
196, 000, 000 + 15,125, 000

Rounding up we choose a total sample of 93.

300(150)
n1 = 93
= 30
140, 000
600(75)
n2 = 93
= 30
140, 000
500(100)
n3 = 93
= 33
140, 000
b.

With B = 10, the first term in the denominator in the formula for n changes.
n=

(140, 000) 2
(140, 000) 2
=
= 305.6530
2
49, 000, 000 + 15,125,000
2 (10)
(1400)
+ 15,125, 000
4

Rounding up, we see that a sample size of 306 is needed to provide this level of precision.
300(150)
n1 = 306
= 98
140, 000
600(75)
n2 = 306
= 98
140, 000
500(100)
n3 = 306
= 109
140,000
Due to rounding, the total of the allocations to each strata only add to 305. Note that even though
the sample size is larger, the proportion allocated to each stratum has not changed.
n=

(140, 000) 2
(140, 000) 2
=
= 274.6060
(15, 000) 2
56, 250, 000 + 15,125, 000
+ 15,125, 000
4

Rounding up, we see that a sample size of 275 will provide the desired level of precision.
The allocations to the strata are in the same proportion as for parts a and b.
300(150)
n1 = 275
= 98
140, 000
600(75)
n2 = 275
= 88
140, 000

21 - 6

Sample Survey

500(100)
n3 = 275
= 98
140, 000
Again, due to rounding, the stratum allocations do not add to the total sample size. Another item
could be sampled from, say, stratum 3 if desired.
11. a.

b.

x1 = 29.5333

x2 = 64.775

x3 = 45.2125

x4 = 53.0300

Indianapolis
13.3603 38 6
29.533 2

38
6

29.533 10.9086(.9177)
or
19.5222 to 39.5438

Louisville
25.0666 45 8
64.775 2

45
8

64.775 17.7248(.9068)
or
48.7022 to 80.8478

St. Louis
19.4084 80 8
45.2125 2

80
8

45.2125 (13.7238) (.9487)

or
32.1927 to 58.2323
Memphis
29.6810 70 10
53.0300 2

70
10

53.0300 18.7719(.9258)
or
35.6510 to 70.4090
c.

38 1 45 5 80 3 70 5
pst =
+
+
+
= .4269
233 6 233 8 233 8 233 10

21 - 7

Chapter 21

d.

1 5
6 6
p (1 p1 )
N1 ( N1 n1 ) 1
= 38(32) = 33.7778
n1 1
5
5 3
8 8
p2 (1 p2 )
N 2 ( N 2 n2 )
= 45(37) = 55.7478
n2 1
7
3 5
8 8
p3 (1 p3 )
N 3 ( N 3 n3 )
= 80(72) = 192.8571
n3 1
7
5 5
10 10
p4 (1 p4 )
N 4 ( N 4 n4 )
= 70(60) = 116.6667
n4 1
9
1
s pst =
33.7778 + 55.7478 + 192.8571 + 116.6667 ] =
2 [
(233)

1
(399.0494) = .0857
(233) 2

approximate 95% confidence interval

.4269 2(.0857)
or
.2555 to .5983
12. a.

St. Louis total = N1 x1 = 80 (45.2125) = 3617

In dollars: $3,617,000

b.

Indianapolis total = N1 x1 = 38 (29.5333) = 1122.2654

In dollars: $1,122,265

c.

38
45
80
70
xst =
29.5333 +
64.775 +
45.2125 +

53.0300 = 48.7821
233
233
233
233
N1 ( N1 n1 )

s12
(13.3603) 2
= 38(32)
= 36,175.517
n1
6

N 2 ( N 2 n2 )

s22
(25.0666) 2
= 45(37)
= 130, 772.1
n2
8

N 3 ( N 3 n3 )

s32
(19.4084) 2
= 80(72)
= 271, 213.91
n3
8

N 4 ( N 4 n4 )

s42
(29.6810) 2
= 70(60)
= 370, 003.94
n4
10

21 - 8

Sample Survey

1
sxst =
36,175.517 + 130, 772.1 + 271, 213.91 + 370, 003.94]
2 [
(233)
=

1
(808,165.47) = 3.8583
(233) 2
approximate 95% confidence interval
xst 2sxst
48.7821 2(3.8583)
or
41.0655 to 56.4987

In dollars: $41,066 to $56,499

d.
approximate 95% confidence interval
Nxst 2 Nsxst
233(48.7821) 2(233)(3.8583)
11,366.229 1797.9678
or
9,568.2612 to 13,164.197
In dollars: $9,568,261 to $13,164,197

[ 50(80) + 38(150) + 35(45)]

n=

(11, 275) 2
= 27.3394
3, 404, 025 + 1, 245,875

(30)2
2
2
2
(123) 2
+ 50(80) + 38(150) + 35(45)
4

Rounding up we see that a sample size of 28 is necessary to obtain the desired precision.

13.

50(80)
n1 = 28
= 10
11, 275
38(150)
n2 = 28
= 14
11, 275
35(45)
n3 = 28
=4
11, 275

b.

n=

[ 50(100) + 38(100) + 35(100)]

(30)2
(123)
4
2

2
2
2
+ 50(100) + 38(100) + 35(100)

50(100)
n1 = 33
= 13
12,300

21 - 9

[ 123(100)]

3, 404, 025 + 123(100) 2

= 33

Chapter 21

38(100)
n2 = 33
= 10
12,300
35(100)
n3 = 33
=9
12,300
This is the same as proportional allocation . Note that for each stratum
N
nh = n h
N
14. a.

xc =

xi
750
=
= 15
Mi
50

X = M x = 300(15) = 4500
c
pc =

b.

ai
15
=
= .30
M i 50

( xi xc M i ) 2

= [ 95 - 15 (7) ]2 + [ 325 - 15 (18) ]2 + [ 190 - 15 (15) ]2 + [ 140 - 15 (10)]2

= (-10)2 + (55)2 + (-35)2 + (-10)2
= 4450

25 4 4450
sxc =
= 1.4708
2
(25)(4)(12) 3
s X = Ms xc = 300(1.4708) = 441.24
(ai pc M i )2

= [ 1 - .3 (7) ]2 + [ 6 - .3 (18) ]2 + [ 6 - .3 (15) ]2 + [2 - .3 (10) ]2

= (-1.1)2 + (.6)2 + (1.5)2 + (-1)2
= 4.82

25 4 4.82
s pc =
= .0484
2
(25)(4)(12) 3
c.

approximate 95% confidence

Interval for Population Mean:
15 2(1.4708)
or
12.0584 to 17.9416

d.

approximate 95% confidence

Interval for Population Total:
4500 2(441.24)
or
3617.52 to 5382.48

21 - 10

Sample Survey

e.

approximate 95% confidence

Interval for Population Proportion:
.30 2(.0484)
or
.2032 to .3968

15. a.

xc =

10,400
= 80
130

X = M x = 600(80) = 48,000
c
pc =
b.

13
= .10
130

( xi xc M i ) 2

= [ 3500 - 80 (35) ]2 + [ 965 - 80 (15) ]2 + [ 960 - 80 (12) ]2

+ [ 2070 - 80 (23) ]2 + [ 1100 - 80 (20) ]2 + [ 1805 - 80 (25) ]2
= (700)2 + (-235)2 + (0)2 + (230)2 + (-500)2 + (-195)2
= 886,150

886,150
30 6
sxc =
= 7.6861
2
(30)(6)(20)
5

approximate 95% confidence

Interval for Population Mean:
80 2(7.6861)
or
64.6278 to 95.3722
c.

s X = 600(7.6861) = 4611.66
approximate 95% confidence
Interval for Population Total:
48,000 2(4611.66)
or
38,776.68 to 57,223.32
(ai pc M i ) 2

= [ 3 - .1 (35) ]2 + [ 0 - .1 (15) ]2 + [ 1 - .1 (12) ]2 + [4 - .1 (23) ]2

+ [ 3 - .1 (20) ]2 + [ 2 - .1 (25) ]2
= (-.5)2 + (-1.5)2 + (-.2)2 + (1.7)2 + (1)2 + (-.5)2
= 6.68

30 6
s pc =
2
(30)(6)(20)

6.68

= .0211
5

approximate 95% confidence

21 - 11

Chapter 21

Interval for Population Proportion:

.10 2(.0211)
or
.0578 to .1422
16. a.

xc =

2000
= 40
50

Estimate of mean age of mechanical engineers: 40 years

b.

pc =

35
= .70
50

Estimate of proportion attending local university: .70

c.

( xi xc M i ) 2

= [ 520 - 40 (12) ]2 + + [ 462 - 40 (13) ]2

= (40)2 + (-7)2 + (-10)2 + (-11)2 + (30)2 + (9)2 + (22)2 + (8)2 + (-23)2
+ (-58)2
= 7292

7292
120 10
sxc =
= 2.0683
2
(120)(10)(50
/12)

9
approximate 95% confidence
Interval for Mean age:
40 2(2.0683)
or
35.8634 to 44.1366
d.

(ai pc M i ) 2

= [ 8 - .7 (12) ]2 + + [ 12 - .7 (13) ]2
= (-.4)2 + (-.7)2 + (-.4)2 + (.3)2 + (-1.2)2 + (-.1)2 + (-1.4)2 + (.3)2
+ (.7)2 + (2.9)2
= 13.3

120 10
s pc =
2
(120)(10)(50 /12)

13.3

= .0883
9

approximate 95% confidence

Interval for Proportion Attending Local University:
.70 2(.0883)
or
.5234 to .8766
17. a.

xc =

17(37) + 35(32) + + 57(44) 11, 240

=
= 36.9737
17 + 35 + + 57
304

Estimate of mean age: 36.9737 years

21 - 12

Sample Survey

b.

Proportion of College Graduates: 128 / 304 = .4211

Proportion of Males: 112 / 304 = .3684

c.

( xi xc M i ) 2

= [ 17 (37) - (36.9737) (17) ]2 + + [ 57 (44) - (36.9737) (44) ]2

= (.4471)2 + (-174.0795)2 + (-25.3162)2 + (-460.2642)2 + (173.1309)2
+ (180.3156)2 + (-94.7376)2 + (400.4991)2
= 474,650.68

150 8 474, 650.68

sxc =
= 2.2394
2
7

(150)(8)(40)
approximate 95% confidence
Interval for Mean Age of Agents:
36.9737 2(2.2394)
or
32.4949 to 41.4525
d.

(ai pc M i ) 2

= [ 3 - .4211 (17) ]2 + + [ 25 - .4211 (57) ]2

= (-4.1587)2 + (-.7385)2 + (-2.9486)2 + (10.2074)2 + (-.1073)2 + (-3.0532)2
+ (-.2128)2 + (.9973)2
= 141.0989

150 8
s pc =
2
(150)(8)(40)

141.0989

= .0386
7

approximate 95% confidence

Interval for Proportion of Agents that are College Graduates:
.4211 2(.0386)
or
.3439 to .4983
e.

(ai pc M i ) 2

= [ 4 - .3684 (17) ]2 + + [ 26 - .3684 (57) ]2

= (-2.2628)2 + (-.8940)2 + (-2.5784)2 + (3.6856)2 + (-3.8412)2 + (1.5792)2
+ (-.6832)2 + (5.0012)2
= 68.8787

150 8
s pc =
2
(150)(8)(40)

68.8787

= .0270
7

approximate 95% confidence

Interval for Proportion of Agents that are Male:
.3684 2(.0270)
or
.3144 to .4224

21 - 13

Chapter 21

18. a.

p = 0.19
sp =

(0.19)(0.81)
= 0.0206
363

Approximate 95% Confidence Interval:

0.19 2(0.0206)
or
0.1488 to 0.2312
b.

p = 0.31
sp =

(0.31)(0.69)
= 0.0243
363

Approximate 95% Confidence Interval:

0.31 2(0.0243)
or
0.2615 to 0.3585
c.

p = 0.17
sp =

(0.17)(0.83)
= 0.0197
373

Approximate 95% Confidence Interval:

0.17 2(0.0197)
or
0.1306 to 0.2094

d.

The largest standard error is when p = .50.

At p = .50, we get
sp =

(0.5)(0.5)
= 0.0262
363

Multiplying by 2, we get a bound of B = 2(.0262) = 0.0525

For a sample of 363, then, they know that in the worst case ( p = 0.50), the bound will be
approximately 5%.
e. If the poll was conducted by calling people at home during the day the sample results would only be
representative of adults not working outside the home. It is likely that the Louis Harris organization
took precautions against this and other possible sources of bias.

21 - 14

Sample Survey

19. a.

Assume (N - n) / N 1
p = .55

sp =
b.

(0.55)(0.45)
= 0.0222
504

p = .31
sp =

(0.31)(0.69)
= 0.0206
504

c.

The estimate of the standard error in part (a) is larger because p is closer to .50.

d.

Approximate 95% Confidence interval:

.55 2(.0222)
or
.5056 to .5944

e.

Approximate 95% Confidence interval:

.31 2(.0206)
.2688 to .3512

20. a.

sx =

3000 200 3000

= 204.9390
3000
200

Approximate 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Annual Salary:

23,200 2(204.9390)
or
$22,790 to $23,610
b.

N x = 3000 (23,200) = 69,600,000

sx$ = 3000 (204.9390) = 614,817
Approximate 95% Confidence Interval for Population Total Salary:
69,600,000 2(614,817)
or
$68,370,366 to $70,829,634

c.

p = .73
3000 200 (.73)(.27)
sp =

= .0304
3000 199

21 - 15

Chapter 21

Approximate 95% Confidence Interval for Proportion that are Generally Satisfied:
.73 2(.0304)
or
.6692 to .7908
d. If management administered the questionnaire and anonymity was not guaranteed we would expect
a definite upward bias in the percent reporting they were generally satisfied with their job. A
procedure for guaranteeing anonymity should reduce the bias.
21. a.

p = 1/3

380 30 (1/ 3)(2 / 3)

sp =

= .0840
29
380

Approximate 95% Confidence Interval:

.3333 2(.0840)
or
.1653 to .5013
b.

X 2 = 760 (19 / 45) = 320.8889

c.

p = 19 / 45 = .4222

760 45 (19 / 45)(26 / 45)

sp =

= .0722
44
760

Approximate 95% Confidence Interval:

.4222 2(.0722)
or
.2778 to .5666
d.

380 10 760 19 260 7

pst =
+
+
= .3717
1400 30 1400 45 1400 25
p (1 ph )
(1/ 3)(2 / 3)
N h ( N h nh ) h
= 380(350)
n

1
29
h

+760(715)

(19 / 45)(26 / 45)

(7 / 25)(18 / 25)
+ 260(235)
44
24

= 1019.1571 + 3012.7901 + 513.2400 = 4545.1892

1
s pst =
2
(1400)

4545.1892 = .0482

21 - 16

Sample Survey

Approximate 95% Confidence Interval:

.3717 2(.0482)
or
.2753 to .4681
22. a.

X = 380 (9 / 30) + 760 (12 / 45) + 260 (11 / 25) = 431.0667

Estimate approximately 431 deaths due to beating.

b.

380 9 760 12 260 11

pst =
+
+
= .3079
1400 30 1400 45 1400 25
N h ( N h nh )

[ ph (1 ph )]
nh 1

= (380) (380 - 30) (9 / 30) (21 / 30) / 29 + (760) (760 - 45) (12 / 45) (33 / 45) / 44 +
(260) (260 - 25)(11 / 25) (14 / 25) / 24
= 4005.5079
1
s pst =
4005.5079 = .0452
2
(1400)
Approximate 95% Confidence Interval:
.3079 2(.0452)
or
.2175 to .3983
c.

380 21 760 34 260 15

pst =
+
+
= .7116
1400 30 1400 45 1400 25
N h ( N h nh )

[ ph (1 ph )]
nh 1

= (380) (380 - 30) (21 / 30) (9 / 30) / 29 + (760) (760 - 45) (34 / 45) (11 / 45) / 44 +
(260) (260 - 25) (15 / 25) (10 / 25) / 24
= 3855.0417
1
s pst =
3855.0417 = .0443
2
(1400)
Approximate 95% Confidence Interval:
.7116 2(.0443)
or
.6230 to .8002

21 - 17

Chapter 21

d.

X = 1400 (.7116) = 996.24

Estimate of total number of black victims 996

23. a.

n=

[ 3000(80) + 600(150) + 250(220) + 100(700) + 50(3000)]

(20) 2
(4000) 2
4

2
2
2
2
2
+ 3000(80) + 600(150) + 250(220) + 100(700) + 50(3000)

366, 025, 000, 000

= 170.7365
1, 600,000, 000 + 543,800,000

Rounding up, we need a sample size of 171 for the desired precision.
3000(80)
n1 = 171
= 68
605, 000
600(150)
n2 = 171
= 25
605, 000
250(220)
n3 = 171
= 16
605,000
100(700)
n4 = 171
= 20
605, 000
50(3000)
n5 = 171
= 42
605, 000
24. a.

xc =

14(61) + 7(74) + 96(78) + 23(69) + 71(73) + 29(84) 18,066

=
= 75.275
14 + 7 + 96 + 23 + 71 + 29
240

Estimate of mean age is approximately 75 years old.

b.

pc =

12 + 2 + 30 + 8 + 10 + 22
84
=
= .35
14 + 7 + 96 + 23 + 71 + 29 240

(ai pc M i ) 2

= [12 - .35 (14) ]2 + [ 2 - .35 (7) ]2 + [30 - .35 (96) ] 2

+ [ 8 - .35 (23) ]2 + [ 10 - .35 (71) ]2 + [ 22 - .35 (29) ]2
= (7.1)2 + (-.45)2 + (-3.6)2 + (-.05)2 + (-14.85)2 + (11.85)2
= 424.52

100 6
s pc =
2
(100)(6)(48)

424.52

= .0760
5

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Sample Survey

Approximate 95% Confidence Interval:

.35 2(.0760)
or
.198 to .502
X = 4800 (.35) = 1680
Estimate of total number of Disabled Persons is 1680.

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