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Executive Summary
Background
The Government has made the development of a new Panglao Island Airport a priority project under the current Medium-term Development Plan, with the Manila International Airport Authority (MIAA) designated as the lead agency in the preparation and development of the new airport with international standard to replace the existing facilities in the existing Tagbilaran Airport. A feasibility study for the establishment of the new airport was completed in 2000 and was further updated under an advanced engineering study undertaken in 2001. An ECC was subsequently issued following the same right-of-way (ROW) alignment defined in the earlier studies. Since then, the proposed Panglao Airport Development Project has evolved with land acquisition activities undertaken following a new alignment. In this regard, a new study was commissioned to update the information about the project, validate the findings in the earlier studies and address the earlier issues raised by government reviewing authorities.
Objectives
The project aims to develop a new airport facility in Panglao Island, Province of Bohol to comply with domestic and international standards for operational safety and efficiency. The project is envisioned to open up the entire Region VII to more economic activities and enhance the tourism potential of the province of Bohol.
Present Condition
The present facilities at the Tagbilaran Airport, suffer from physical inadequacies characterized by: a) inadequate separation distance between airfield obstacles and the runway (insufficient runway strip); b) insufficient apron space to accommodate wide-bodied aircraft and allow for efficient maneuvering; c) absence of precision approach system for improved operational reliability fit for an international airport; d) inadequate pavement strength for large aircraft; e) inadequate terminal building facilities resulting in congestion and passenger discomfort during the peak-hour; and f) absence of cargo terminal building and related facilities, among others. The difficulty in addressing the above issues at the present site, without incurring a huge investment and dislocation cost, is the compelling reason for developing a new airport elsewhere.
Project Components
As indicated in the airport master plan, the components of the project include the following:
Long-term Development
a. Extension of runway to 3,400 meters for long-term development ent phase) b. Expansion of Terminal Building (20,000 sq.m total area) c. Expansion of the apron to accommodate a total of seven (7) aircraft inclusive of an area for general aviation d. Expansion of Cargo Building (1,940 sq.m. total) e. Expansion of Administration Building (1,200 sq.m. total) f. Improvement of Crash-Fire-Rescue Facility (to Category 9)
Implementation Schedule
The project is proposed to be implemented over a period of three (3) years commencing in 2007. Review and approvals are expected to be undertaken in late part of 2007 to be followed immediately by the detailed design of the project components.
Traffic Forecast
Using updated macro-economic indicators, the following traffic forecasts have been established:
Annual Domestic Air Passenger Movements (000)
Year 2007 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2010-2015 2010-2020 2010-2035 Low 336 403 519 627 716 782 828 5.2% 4.5% 2.9% Medium 336 437 656 938 1,262 1,590 1,882 8.5% 7.9% 6.0% High 336 525 992 1,561 2,039 2,333 2,479 13.6% 11.5% 6.4%
Year
Using these forecasts, preliminary designs of airport facilities using design target year 2020 (medium-term) were established as bases of the budgetary estimate for the project package. The basic elements of the airport master plan are summarized in the succeeding table :
Present Condition as of 2006 1. Annual Passengers ('1000) Domestic Potential International 2. 3. Annual Cargo (tons) Annual Aircraft Movements Domestic Potential International 3,380 2,194 240 2015 671 656 15 8,412 6,148 5,969 179 Future Requirements 2020 969 938 31 10,753 8,396 8,024 372 2035 2,264 1,882 381 21,336 11,631 9,655 1,976
Item
Future Requirements 2020 485 4 A320 Manila 4C Precision Cat 1 03/21 2,500 45 2035 1,109 7 B747 Regional (Asia) 4E Precision Cat 1 03/21 3,400 45
Item
The total project cost for the short/medium-term development period is estimated at PhP 4.04 Billion, of which PhP3.00 Billion is the total direct cost of airport development works. The breakdown of the costs is as follows:
PARTICULARS 1 2 3 4 5 FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT 6 AIRPORT MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT 7 DEMOLITION OF EXISTING HOUSES 8 Sub -Total of 1 to 8 ROW/REPLACEMENT COSTS 9 DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN (4% of 1 - 7) 10 CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION (6% of 1 - 7) 11 PHYSICAL CONTINGENCIES (7% of 1 - 8) 12 PRICE CONTINGENCIES (2% p.a. FX; 5% p.a. LC) 13 PROJECT ADMINISTRATION COST (3% of Project Cost) 14 GRAND TOTAL ---99,206,017 4,041,199,270 271,537,889 210,442,566 180,326,915 120,217,943 153,145,568 873,796 3,006,322,372 16,124,144 50,051,160 PRELIMINARIES AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS CIVIL WORKS BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES (INCLUDING AIRPORT UTILITIES) LIGHTING AND NAVIGATIONAL AIDS SPECIAL EQUIPMENT Total Cost (P) 42,775,791 1,463,433,633 853,487,033 469,541,016 110,035,800
Sources of Funds
The investment cost shall be financed wholly through government funds, specifically through a combination of funds from MIAA, DOTC and other national government (NG) agencies, per Memorandum Order (MO) No. 178 issued by President Gloria MacapagalArroyo on 04 July 2005. MIAA has committed to provide funds for the development of the proposed Panglao Airport Project, to be drawn from the Authoritys internally generated cash. MIAA initially committed to provide Php2.9 billion, to be sourced from its receivables from PAL (which is approximately PhP3.96 billion according to COA audit report as of December 31, 2005). The cost of land acquisition and related activities shall be financed through DOTC funds. The study assumed that the expenditure requirements for the implementation of the rest of the cost components, comprising the bulk of the total project investment cost, shall be financed first from the MIAA funds in the amount of Php2.9 billion until such amount is fully utilized. (Such amount, however, may still change after the MIAA Corporate Board has officially decided on the amount to be allocated for the project.) The remaining expenditure requirements shall then be financed from (NG) funds, which may be drawn from the budget of other participating agencies.
Post-Construction Stage
Upon completion of the project, the new Panglao Airport shall be managed, operated and maintained by the ATO. This setup is in line with the mandate of the ATO and not inconsistent with the intention of Executive Order No. 341 series of 2004 (Reorganizing the Manila International Airport Authority, Modifying Its Powers and Functions, and Authorizing and Directing the MIAA to Exercise Administrative Supervision and Control Over All International Airports in the Philippines). MIAAs substantial contribution to the financing of the new Panglao Airport can be offset through appropriate debits to its remittance to the national government, as supported by EO 298 s. 1983 (MIAAs Charter), RA 7656 (Dividends Law) and the New Government Accounting System (NGAS).
Results
Based on the result of the analysis, the Panglao Airport Development Project is economically viable. In Scenario 1, the NPV is positive at Php 3,084 million, the EIRR is 23.6% and greater than the 15% social discount rate, and the B-C ratio is 2.1. In Scenario 2, the NPV is Php2,313 million, the EIRR is 21.3% and the B-C ratio is 1.9. The same runs for the Tagbilaran Airport Redevelopment option, on the other hand, proved that this option will be marginally viable under Scenario 1 (international traffic by 2011) and not viable under Scenario 2. The viability indicators under Scenario 1 are lowthe EIRR is 16.2%, the NPV is Php 749 million and the B-C ratio is 1.2. The viability indicators under Scenario 2 failed to pass the hurdle levels the EIRR is 14.97% and below the hurdle rate of 15%, the NPV is negative at Php21 million, and the B-C ratio is less than one at 0.996. Thus, the Panglao Island Airport Development Project is not only more technically viable than the Tagbilaran Airport Upgrading option, it is also more economically viable. In addition, the investment requirement in Panglao Island is at least PHP 2 billion less than the PHP6.52 billion requirement in developing the existing Tagbilaran Airport to comply with international standards of safety and efficiency.
Results
Applying the assumptions under the different scenarios described above, the results of financial evaluation from the all-capital (government equity) point of view are summarized as follows:
Base case Parameters: tariff increase domestic passenger terminal fee (Php), opening year other airport charges, opening year Viability Indicators: FIRR NPV (Php million) 0% 20.00 current ATO fees 2.69% (1,539) Davao airport fees 0% 200.00 current DIA fees Scenarios 10% FIRR 60.97% 32.19 15% FIRR 123.24% 44.65 20% FIRR 205.04% 61.01
60.97% higher 123.24% higher 205.04% higher than current than current ATO than current fees ATO fees ATO fees 10% 1,797 15% 7,478 20% 19,450
6.39% (254)
Measured against a hurdle rate of 7% FIRR, the results show that the Panglao Island Airport Development project would not be financially viable if the current ATO fees are applied (FIRR is 2.69%). The project becomes financially viable if the fees are raised a little higher than the recently adjusted tariff in Davao International Airport (DIA). The FIRR under the current DIA tariff structure is 6.39%. It would take more than a 60 % increase in ATO fees for the project to achieve an FIRR of more than 10%. In all the scenarios evaluated, the opening year domestic passenger terminal fee is lower than the Php 69.50 willingness-to-pay fee established in the passenger survey.
Environmental Review
The Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), the basis of the environmental clearance certificate (ECC) issued in 2003, showed that the majority of adverse impacts of the project on the physical, biological and social environment will be incurred during the construction phase. These impacts, however, are considered of low to medium significance and can be mitigated. The Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) issued by DENR in June 2003 has a validity of five years, requiring commencement of construction on or before June 2008, after which time the ECC shall be revoked unless an extension from the DENR is sought. The project implementation timetable implies that the start of construction activities for the Panglao Island Airport project will likely be past the specified deadline. Thus, the project proponent must (i) apply for relief from its ECC commitment due to the nonimplementation of the project, and (ii) ask for an extension of the ECC validity and/or amendments thereto. DOTC shall be guided by DENR Department Administrative Order (DAO) 2003-30 Procedural Manual in applying for an ECC amendment/extension.
Conclusion
Being a greenfield project, the proposed investment at the new Panglao Island Airport will generate both positive and negative impacts on the existing environment. The perceived negative impacts are mostly temporary and are negated by the socio-economic gains from the project. Engineering solutions and mitigating measures have been identified to address the identified issues. The project is technically feasible and economically viable.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 1. INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................1-1 1.1 PROJECT CONTEXT .................................................................................................1-1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 Background.....................................................................................................1-1 Objectives of the Study...................................................................................1-1 Scope of the Services ......................................................................................1-1 Organization of the Report..............................................................................1-2 Demographic Condition..................................................................................1-3 Economic Structure.........................................................................................1-6 Tourism Demand ............................................................................................1-8
1.3 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT ............................................................1-10 1.4 INSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATORY CONTEXT ............................................1-13 1.4.1 1.4.2 2. Institutional Framework................................................................................1-13 Environmental Framework ...........................................................................1-15
CONDITIONS AT THE EXISTING AIRPORT AND ITS ENVIRONMENT ............2-1 2.1 THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS .................................................................2-1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 The Natural Environment ...............................................................................2-1 Social Environment.........................................................................................2-2 Land Use .........................................................................................................2-3 Air Transportation Service..............................................................................2-4 Air Traffic Record...........................................................................................2-4 The Existing Facilities ....................................................................................2-5 Assessment of Selected Airport Components...............................................2-10 Problems of the Existing Airport ..................................................................2-17
3.
AIR TRAFFIC DEMAND FORECAST..........................................................................3-1 3.1 THE FORECAST METHODOLOGY.........................................................................3-1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 Previous Studies..............................................................................................3-1 The Forecasting Exercise................................................................................3-3 Annual Air Passenger Traffic Forecast...........................................................3-7 Forecast of Annual Air Cargo Movements .....................................................3-8 Forecast of Aircraft Movements .....................................................................3-9 Peaking Characteristics...................................................................................3-9
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4.
AIRPORT FACILITY REQUIREMENTS......................................................................4-1 4.1 ELEMENTS OF PRELIMINARY LAYOUT PLAN..................................................4-1 4.1.1 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 Planning Criteria and Parameters....................................................................4-1 General............................................................................................................4-2 Design Aircraft ...............................................................................................4-3 Aerodrome Reference Code............................................................................4-3 Approach Category of Runway ......................................................................4-4 Runway Strip and Safety Area........................................................................4-7 Obstacle Limitation Surfaces..........................................................................4-7 Runway Length...............................................................................................4-7 4.2 PLANNING PARAMETERS ......................................................................................4-2
4.4 PASSENGER AND CARGO TERMINAL BUILDING ............................................4-8 4.5 OTHER BUILDINGS ..................................................................................................4-8 4.5.1 4.5.2 4.5.3 Control Tower Building..................................................................................4-8 Administration Building .................................................................................4-9 Fire Station Building.......................................................................................4-9
4.6 AIR NAVIGATION.....................................................................................................4-9 4.7 UTILITIES AND OTHER SUPPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ....................................4-9 4.7.1 4.7.2 4.7.3 4.7.4 4.7.5 4.7.6 5. Water Supply System......................................................................................4-9 Storm Water Drainage ..................................................................................4-10 Sewage Treatment Plant (STP).....................................................................4-11 Sanitary Sewer System .................................................................................4-13 Plumbing System ..........................................................................................4-13 Solid Waste Disposal ....................................................................................4-14
MASTER PLANNING FOR THE NEW PANGLAO ISLAND AIRPORT .................5-1 5.1 IDENTIFICATION OF NEW AIRPORT SITE ..........................................................5-1 5.1.1 5.1.2 Alternative Sites..............................................................................................5-1 Final Site .........................................................................................................5-2
5.2 THE PHYSICAL MASTER PLAN CONCEPT..........................................................5-5 5.3 AIR NAVIGATION SYSTEM....................................................................................5-8 5.4 AIRPORT ACCESS.....................................................................................................5-9 5.5 PROPOSED AIRFIELD LAYOUT AND OBSTACLE LIMITS .............................5-11 6. BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS........................................................................6-1 6.1 THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ............................................................6-1 6.1.1 6.1.2 The Economic Context ...................................................................................6-1 The Challenges and Opportunities..................................................................6-1
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6.2 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AVIATION AND PANGLAOS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................................6-3 6.2.1 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 Panglaos Land Use Development Plan..........................................................6-3 Airport Operations ..........................................................................................6-4 Aviation-Related Industries ............................................................................6-6 Aviation-related Estates ..................................................................................6-6 6.3 MARKET SUPPORT TO PANGLAO ISLAND AIRPORT ......................................6-4
6.4 THE WAY FORWARD ..............................................................................................6-7 7. LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT REQUIREMENTS .........................7-1 7.1 ONGOING LAND ACQUISITION ACTIVITIES .....................................................7-1 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.2.5 7.2.6 7.2.7 8. Status...............................................................................................................7-1 Inventory Survey.............................................................................................7-1 Objectives of the Indicative LARP .................................................................7-5 Legal and Policy Frameworks ........................................................................7-5 Defining the Scope of Land Acquisition.........................................................7-6 Compensation Policy Framework and Valuation Method ..............................7-6 Organizational Framework for the LARP.....................................................7-10 Design Framework for Relocation of Informal Settlers................................7-11 Budget Estimation for Land Acquisition and Resettlement..........................7-12
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY .................................................................................8-1 8.1 PROJECT COST..........................................................................................................8-1 8.1.1 8.1.2 8.1.3 8.1.4 Development Cost Components .....................................................................8-1 Assumptions in Cost Estimation .....................................................................8-4 Comparison with the Tagbilaran Airport Redevelopment Option................8-10 Operating and Maintenance Costs for the Proposed Panglao Island Airport...........................................................................................................8-12 Implementation Schedule..............................................................................8-14 Cash Disbursement Schedule........................................................................8-15 Sources of Funds...........................................................................................8-16 Institutional and Organizational Framework for Project Implementation .............................................................................................8-21
8.2 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND CASH DISBURSEMENT SCHEDULES .8-14 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.3.1 8.4.1 9.
VIABILITY REVIEW .......................................................................................................9-1 9.1 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS............................................................................................9-1 9.1.1 9.1.2 Economic Costs ..............................................................................................9-1 Economic Benefits ..........................................................................................9-2
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Economic Evaluation ....................................................................................9-11 Economic Sensitivity Analysis .....................................................................9-18 Financial Costs..............................................................................................9-20 Projection of Operating Revenues ................................................................9-20 Results of the Financial Evaluation ..............................................................9-25
9.3 CONCLUSION ..........................................................................................................9-34 10. ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW ......................................................................................10-1 10.1 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT AT THE PROPOSED LOCATION .........................10-1 10.1.1 Summary of Existing Conditions..................................................................10-1 10.2 LOCAL GEOLOGY AND TERRAIN FEATURES .................................................10-4 10.2.1 General Characteristics .................................................................................10-4 10.2.2 Ground Penetrating Radar Survey Results....................................................10-5 10.2.3 DATA DEDUCTION AND REDUCTION .................................................10-8 10.2.4 Pertinent Design And Construction Considerations ...................................10-10 10.3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONCERNS ................................................10-12 10.3.1 Environmental Impacts during Project Construction..................................10-12 10.3.2 Environmental Impacts During Project Operation......................................10-13 10.3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE CERTIFICATE AMENDMENT/EXTENSION ...................................................................10-16
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.2-1 Vicinity Map of the Existing and Proposed Airport Sites ........................................1-5 Figure 1.2-2 Real Gross Value Added by Production Sector in Region 7 ....................................1-7 Figure 2.3-1 Layout of Existing Tagbilaran Airport .....................................................................2-9 Figure 2.3-2 Existing Conditions of Facilities and Operational Restrictions (Airfield)..............2-14 Figure 2.3-3 Existing Conditions of Facilities and Operational Restrictions (Terminal Building )...........................................................................................................2-15 Figure 2.3-4 Existing Conditions of Facilities and Operational Restrictions (Other Buildings) ..........................................................................................................2-16 Figure 3.1-1 Comparison of Existing Forecast with Actual Air Passenger Movements...............3-3 Figure 3.1-2 Historical Annual Passenger Movements at Tagbilaran Airport .............................3-6 Figure 3.2-1 Updated Forecast of Annual Domestic Passenger Movements (000) .....................3-7 Figure 3.2-2 Typical Busy Day (Passenger Movements, December 2006) ...............................3-9 Figure 3.2-3 Typical Busy Day (Aircraft Movements, December 2006) ..................................3-9 Figure 4.2-1 Wind Rose Analysis .................................................................................................4-6 Figure 4.3-1 Runway Length Requirements .............................................................................4-8 Figure 5.1-1 Potential Sites for Airport Development ..................................................................5-1 Figure 5.1-2 Satellite Imagery of the Airport Site.........................................................................5-3 Figure 5.1-3 Topographic Features ...............................................................................................5-4 Figure 5.2-1 Layout of Key Landside and Airside Facilities at the New Panglao Island Airport .................................................................................................................5-6 Figure 5.2-2 Aerial Perspective of the Proposed Sirte Development at the New Panglao Airport .................................................................................................................5-7 Figure 5.4-1 Airport Access Road (Option2) ..............................................................................5-10 Figure 5.5-1 Airfield Layout of Proposed Master Plan (Phased Development)..........................5-12 Figure 5.5-2 Aerodrome Obstacle Limits (Ultimate Development Phase ) ................................5-13 Figure 6.4-1 A Proposed Conceptual Land Use Development Scheme ........................................6-8 Figure 6.4-2 Building Height Limitations ....................................................................................6-9 Figure 7.1-1 Inventory of Structures Part 1.................................................................................7-2 Figure 7.1-2 Inventory of Structures Part 2.................................................................................7-3 Figure 7.1-3 Inventory of Structures Part 3.................................................................................7-4 Figure 8.4-1 Existing Organizational Setup in Tagbilaran Airport .............................................8-26 Figure 8.4-2 Proposed Expanded Organizational Structure ........................................................8-28 Figure 10.1-1Project Location.....................................................................................................10-1 Figure 10.2-1 Simplified geologic map of project area...............................................................10-5 Figure 10.2-2 GPR SURVEY PLAN ..........................................................................................10-7 Figure 10.2-3 ENHANCED LATERAL SCAN IMAGES .......................................................10-10 Figure 10.3-1 Noise Contour (2020) ........................................................................................10-15
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1.2-1 Region 7 Population and Population Growth Rates...................................................1-3 Table 1.2-2 Real Gross Domestic Product of Region 7, 1991-2005 .............................................1-6 Table 1.2-3 Distribution of Travelers to Region 7s Provinces, 2000-2006 .................................1-8 Table 1.2-4 Percentage Distribution of Foreign Travelers in Region 7 ........................................1-8 Table 1.2-5 Visitor Arrival in Region 7 (2005-2006) ...................................................................1-9 Table 1.4-1 A Summary of Relevant Legal Issuances ................................................................1-13 Table 1.4-2 Key Environmental Issuances ..................................................................................1-15 Table 2.1-1 Land Use and Vegetation Cover of Bohol .................................................................2-3 Table 2.2-1 Current Air Transport Service at Tagbilaran Airport................................................2-4 Table 2.2-2 Air Passenger Traffic in Airports Under Area Center 1............................................2-4 Table 2.2-3 Historical Traffic Volumes at Tagbilaran Airport.....................................................2-5 Table 2.2-4 Tagbilarans Share of National Traffic .....................................................................2-5 Table 2.3-1 Inventory of Existing Facilities at Tagbilaran Airport, Part 1...................................2-6 Table 2.3-2 Inventory of Existing Facilities at Tagbilaran Airport, Part 2..................................2-7 Table 2.3-3 Inventory of Existing Facilities at Tagbilaran Airport, Part 3...................................2-8 Table 2.3-4 Assessment of Selected Airport Components ..........................................................2-10 Table 2.3-5 Assessment of Selected Airport Components, Part 2...............................................2-11 Table 2.3-6 Assessment of Selected Airport Components, Part 3...............................................2-12 Table 2.3-7 Assessment of Selected Airport Components, Part 4...............................................2-13 Table 3.1-1 JICA Studys Domestic Traffic Forecast for the Philippines.....................................3-1 Table 3.1-2 JICA Studys Domestic Traffic Forecast for Tagbilaran Airport .............................3-2 Table 3.1-3 JICA Studys Simulation of Busy-Day and Peak-Hour Aircraft Movements in Tagbilaran Airport...........................................................................................3-2 Table 3.1-4 Real Gross Domestic Product ...................................................................................3-3 Table 3.1-5 Actual Real GDP Growth and MTPDP Targets (in %) ............................................3-4 Table 3.1-6 Forecasts of Philippine GDP Growth, Various Sources (in %) ................................3-4 Table 3.1-7 GDP Projections........................................................................................................3-5 Table 3.2-1 Forecast of Annual Domestic Air Passenger Volume (000)....................................3-7 Table 3.2-2 Potential International Passenger Movements (000) ................................................3-8 Table 3.2-3 Forecast Annual Air Cargo Movement (kgs)............................................................3-8 Table 3.2-4 Forecast of Annual Aircraft Movements....................................................................3-9 Table 4.1-1 Planning Criteria and Parameters...............................................................................4-1 Table 4.1-2 Planning Criteria and Parameters...............................................................................4-2 Table 4.2-1 Design Aircraft for Panglao Island Airport................................................................4-3 Table 4.2-2 Aerodrome Reference Code Of ICAO Annex 4 ........................................................4-4 Table 4.2-3 Wind Direction and Speed (m/s)...............................................................................4-4 Table 4.2-4 Normal Values ..........................................................................................................4-5 Table 4.2-5 Climatological Extremes...........................................................................................4-5 Table 4.4-1 Estimated Cargo Volume-to-Floor Ratio ...................................................................4-8 Table 5.1-1 Alternative Sites Evaluation.......................................................................................5-2 Table 6.1-1 Inventory of Panglao and Bohol Tourism Facilities and Amenities ..........................6-1 Table 6.1-2 Challenges and Opportunities ....................................................................................6-2
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Table 6.2-1 Existing and Proposed Land Use ...............................................................................6-3 Table 7.2-1 Matrix of Entitlements ...............................................................................................7-8 Table 7.2-2 Working Committees for Land Acquisition and Relocation Activities ...................7-10 Table 8.1-1 Total Project Investment Cost (in Php)......................................................................8-6 Table 8.1-2 Investment Cost Breakdown by Items for Shadow Pricing (in million Php).............8-7 Table 8.1-3 Cost of Upgrading the Existing Tagbilaran Airport (in Php)...................................8-10 Table 8.1-4 Comparison of Investment Costs, in Php.................................................................8-11 Table 8.1-5 Comparison of Quantities ........................................................................................8-12 Table 8.1-6 Comparison of Unit Costs (Average), in Php ..........................................................8-12 Table 8.1-7 Operating and Maintenance Costs, current prices (in Php)......................................8-14 Table 8.2-1 Proposed Project Implementation Schedule.............................................................8-15 Table 8.2-2 Annual Cash Disbursement Schedule (in Php) ........................................................8-15 Table 8.3-1 Proposed Financing Plan (in Php)...........................................................................8-19 Table 8.3-2 Annual Cash Disbursement Schedule By Funding Source (in Php) ........................8-20 Table 9.1-1 Investment Cost in Economic Prices.........................................................................9-2 Table 9.1-2 Direct Employment Benefits (million PHP) .............................................................9-2 Table 9.1-3 Comparison of Travel Routes ....................................................................................9-3 Table 9.1-4 Additional Cost Incurred Due to Travel Diversion...................................................9-3 Table 9.1-5 Labor productivity, 2004 and 2005...........................................................................9-4 Table 9.1-6 Trip Purposes Established by the Passenger Survey.................................................9-4 Table 9.1-7 Supply and Use Table of Tourism and Tourism-Related Industries in the Philippines, 1998 .................................................................................................9-6 Table 9.1-8 Leontief Matrix ..........................................................................................................9-7 Table 9.1-9 Domestic Travelers Average Expenditure and Length of Stay.................................9-8 Table 9.1-10 Foreign Visitors Expenditure and Length of Stay in 2005 ....................................9-8 Table 9.1-11 Aircraft delay costs in Europe................................................................................9-10 Table 9.1-12 Estimated aircraft delay costs by low-cost carriers in Asia ...................................9-10 Table 9.1-13 Estimates of Aircraft Delays (Daily Average) .......................................................9-11 Table 9.1-14 Economic Evaluation Results-Panglao Island Airport Development Project, Scenario 1..........................................................................................................9-14 Table 9.1-15 Economic Evaluation Results-Panglao Island Airport Development Project, Scenario 2..........................................................................................................9-15 Table 9.1-16 Economic Evaluation Results-Tagbilaran Airport Redevelopment Option, Scenario 1..........................................................................................................9-16 Table 9.1-17 Economic Evaluation Results-Tagbilaran Airport Redevelopment Option, Scenario 2..........................................................................................................9-17 Table 9.1-18 Sensitivity to Increases in Costs and Reduction in Benefits ..................................9-18 Table 9.1-19 Sensitivity to Changes in the Value of Land.........................................................9-19 Table 9.2-1 Existing ATO Airport Tariff ....................................................................................9-20 Table 9.2-2 Aircraft Movements by Aircraft Size, Domestic Flights ........................................9-22 Table 9.2-3 Aircraft Movements by Aircraft Size, International Flights ...................................9-23 Table 9.2-4 Aircraft Take-off Weights and Turn-Around Times...............................................9-23 Table 9.2-5 Summary of Financial Evaluation Results...............................................................9-25 Table 9.2-6 Financial Evaluation Base Scenario......................................................................9-26 Table 9.2-7 Financial Evaluation Applying Davao Airport Fees .............................................9-27 Table 9.2-8 Financial Evaluation 10% FIRR Scenario ............................................................9-28
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Table 9.2-9 Financial Evaluation 15% FIRR Scenario ............................................................9-29 Table 9.2-10 Financial Evaluation Results - 20% FIRR Scenario .............................................9-30 Table 9.2-11 Schedule of Fees under the 10% FIRR Scenario ...................................................9-31 Table 10.1-1 Summary of Environmental Conditions in Panglao Island....................................10-2 Table 10.2-1 SCAN LINE SCHEDULE AND ALLOCATION.................................................10-6 Table 10.3-1 Predicted Noise Impact Reach ............................................................................10-14 Table 10.3-2 Noise Levels Recommended by NPCC ...............................................................10-14
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1. 1 SECTION
INTRODUCTION
1.1
1.1.1
PROJECT CONTEXT
Background The need to develop bigger capacities for handling larger volumes of air passengers in the existing Tagbilaran Airport has been justified by the significant increase in tourism activity in the province of Bohol, where Panglao Island, a major tourist destination, is located. The expansion of the existing facilities at Tagbilaran Airport, however, is constrained by the physical and geographic features of the surrounding area, which make airfield expansion very expensive and almost physically impossible. This condition has encouraged diseconomies in aviation operation, which hinder further economic growth of the province. The entire provincial economy has not been able to take advantage of growing opportunities in view of this major constraint in transportation. In view of this, the Government has made the development of a new Panglao Island Airport a priority project under the current Medium-term Development Plan. To oversee the development of the new airport, The Office of the President has designated the Manila International Airport Authority (MIAA) as the lead agency in the preparation and development of the new airport with international standard to replace the existing facilities in Tagbilaran. A feasibility study for the establishment of the new airport was completed in 2000 and was further updated under an advanced engineering study undertaken in 2001. An ECC was subsequently issued following the same right-of-way (ROW) alignment defined in the earlier studies. Since then, the proposed Panglao Airport Development Project has evolved with land acquisition activities undertaken following a new alignment. In this regard, a new study is being commissioned to update the information about the project, validate the findings in the earlier studies and address the issues raised by government reviewing authorities.
1.1.2
Objectives of the Study The primary objective of the study is to assess the feasibility of undertaking the proposed Panglao Island Airport Development Project in terms of technical, financial and economic viability. Included under this general objective is the determination of appropriate revenue-generating activities that will augment projected aviation revenues and make the project more sustainable. The specific objectives involve drawing conclusions on the appropriate level of project design and development mechanisms.
1.1.3
Scope of the Services The overall objective of the assignment is to provide technical assistance to MIAA in determining the feasibility of developing Panglao Island Airport as a major commercial airport serving a fast emerging major tourist destination.
a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l) 1.1.4
Transportation Demand Analysis and Forecast; Review of Studies previously done for the Panglao Airport Development Project; Organizational Requirement; Economic Evaluation; Financial Analysis and Financing Options; Environmental Study (new study, if found necessary); Preliminary Proposals for Architectural Design/Concept and Site Layout; Mapping & Surveys; System / Action Plan for Land / ROW Acquisition & Resettlement; Technical Assistance to MIAA during project preparation and development; Consultation and Project Coordination with relevant agencies Agency Coordination (undertaken though reports and presentation)
Organization of the Report The Final Feasibility Study Report incorporates the comments and suggestions made on the Draft Final Report earlier submitted to MIAA. The report gives an overview of the required physical development plans to meet the objectives of developing a new airport facility in the island of Panglao in Bohol. It highlights the resulting estimation of the updated economic and financial viability review, and provides an implementation road map. It is organized in two volumes, consisting of Volume I- Main Report and Volume II-Plans and Drawings. Volume I of the Final Report is organized in ten (10) sections, consisting of the following: Section 1 Introduction outlines the general structure of the report and provides the basic information and planning context to give a broader perspective for the project; Section 2 Conditions at the Existing Airport and Its Environment provides an updated inventory of the existing facilities at the airport and an assessment of selected components, including the airport environment; Section 3 Air Traffic Demand Forecast summarizes historical and emerging trends in traffic patterns and provides an estimate of likely passenger, aircraft and cargo demand; Section 4 Airport Facility Requirement explains the parameters derived for designing the various airport components and defines the development requirements for the medium- and long-term periods; Section 5 Master Planning for the New Panglao Island Airport details the physical requirements of the project and outlines the recommended configuration of the various airport components to achieve the desired level of service Section 6 Business Development Options provides a menu of possible aviation and nonaviation related activities that may be pursued in connection with the project Section 7 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Requirements highlights the procedures currently being undertaken at the project site and identifies the fundamental requirements in terms of ROW acquisition for the project.
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Section 8 Implementation Strategy provides the estimated project cost and summarizes the strategy for financing the identified sub-projects within the established implementation period. Section 9 Viability Review provides an outline of the analytical procedure and detailed results of the economic and financial analyses, including the sensitivity analyses of the derived viability indicators. Section 10 Environmental Review summarizes the result of the environmental studies already undertaken and outlines the procedural approach to seeking for an amendment/ extension of the environmental clearance certificate issued in 2003. Volume II - Plans and Drawings illustrates graphically the salient features of the master plan components and some selected inputs to the master planning activity.
1.2
1.2.1
Year
Population
Actual Census Results 1980 (May 1) 3,787,374 1990 (May 1) 4,594,124 1995 (September 1) 5,014,588 2000 (May 1) 5,706,953 Estimates 2001 5,831,579 2002 5,958,927 2003 6,089,056 2004 6,222,026 2005 6,357,900 Source: 2006 Philippine Statistical Yearbook
2.18
The region is also one of the most densely populated regions in the countrywith a population density of 359 persons per square kilometer in 2000, higher than the national average of 225 persons per square kilometer. Cebuano is the dominant language of the population. In Bohol, Cebuano is referred to as Boholano.
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Bohol Province Bohol province is politically subdivided into 47 municipalities and one city, Tagbilaran City, which is also the capital of Bohol. In terms of population size, Bohol is the second largest province (next to Cebu) in Region 7. Based on the latest census, Bohols population in 2000 was 1,139,130. Most of Bohols population reside in rural areas. Panglao Municipality Panglao is the southernmost town in Bohol province. It is one of two municipalities that comprise Panglao Island, the other being Dauis. It is politically subdivided into 10 barangays: Bil-isan, Bolod, Danao, Doljo, Libaong, Looc, Lourdes, Poblacion, TangnanCapt. Cerilo Gatase Jr., and Tawala. As of 2000 census, the population of Panglao stands at 21,337 people and population density is about 3 people per square kilometer.
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Figure 1.2-1 Vicinity Map of the Existing and Proposed Airport Sites
1.2.2
Economic Structure The Central Visayas Region In 2005, Region 7 posted a gross regional domestic product (GRDP) of PHP 376,845 million in current prices and PHP 85,944 million in constant (1985 base year) prices. The regions population has a high income relative to other regionsthe 2005 GRDP per capita in current prices was PHP 59,272.00, which is close to the national level of PHP 63,556.00 GDP per capita. Real GRDP growth was at 6.04% from 2004 to 2005, higher than the national output growth of 4.97% during the same period. Table 1.2-2 shows the real output levels and economic growth in Region 7 from 1991-2005. Table 1.2-2 Real Gross Domestic Product of Region 7, 1991-2005 (in million pesos, at constant 1985 prices) Year Region 7 GRDP GRDP Growth 1991 46,971 1992 47,086 0.24% 1993 47,757 1.43% 1994 49,663 3.99% 1995 52,327 5.36% 1996 56,615 8.19% 1997 59,926 5.85% 1998 61,174 2.08% 1999 63,341 3.54% 2000 68,715 8.48% 2001 70,326 2.34% 2002 72,496 3.09% 2003 a 2004 a 2005
a a
Based on the GRDP decomposition by production sectors, services had the highest value added in 2005, contributing 59% to total GRDP (Figure 1.2-2). Among the subsectors under services, trade had the highest contribution, 46% of the value added in the services sector. Trade is also the subsector with the highest contribution to total GRDP, contributing 27% to the total value added in the region. The industry sector is the next leading source of total value added, contributing 32% to total GRDP in 2005. Among the industry subsectors, manufacturing is the leading subsector and is also next to trade in its contribution to total GRDP.
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12%
59%
30%
Agriculture, Fishery & Forestry Sector Industry Sector Service Sector Figure 1.2-2 Real Gross Value Added by Production Sector in Region 7
Bohol Province In the interior areas of Bohol, people largely depend on farming; along the coast, fishing is the major source of livelihood. The leading non-traditional exports in Bohol are prawns, baskets, and woven raffia. The leading domestic goods traded are GI sheets, limestone, handicraft, marine products, rice, banana, cattle, hog, mangoes, fish and copra. The 2004-2009 Bohol Medium-Term Development Plan describes the structure of the local economy, measured by employment by industry type from primary occupation, as 54% agricultural, 29% service-oriented, and 17% industrial. Tourism also generates significant economic activities, as the world-famous Chocolate Hills in Bohol attracts many domestic and international tourists. Electricity supply in the province has a 93.5MW capacity and water supply can be as much as 19,000 cubic meters daily. Major transportation infrastructure consist of a road network of about 5,385 kilometers, one domestic airport in Tagbilaran City, one domestic base port also in the city, and terminal ports in the municipalities of Tubigon, Jagna, Ubay and Talibon. Panglao Municipality Panglao is 18 kms. from the provincial capital (Tagbilaran City), a distance that is worth about 30 minutes of travel time. In terms of income class, Panglao is a fifth class municipality. The local economy is agriculture and tourism-based. The municipality is home to many tourist spots, beaches, and resorts and is also known for its world-class diving locations. The famous resorts and tourist attractions in Panglao include the Palm Island Beach Resort, Alona Palm Beach, Bohol Beach Club, Panglao Secret Garden, Balicasag Island, Puntod Island, Panglao Bell Tower, Calingoob Cave, Inubod Spring, Tangnan Shoreline Village, and several boating sites.
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1.2.3
Tourism Demand Time-series data on the distribution of travelers to Region 7 show a generally increasing trend in trip-making activities in the region from 2000 to 2006 (Table 1.2-3). During the period, the average growth of foreign travelers is 10%, overseas travelers 46% and domestic travelers 8%. Table 1.2-3 Distribution of Travelers to Region 7s Provinces, 2000-2006
2000 2001 Bohol Foreign 15,468 14,536 Overseas 138 16 Domestic 52,730 66,488 Cebu Foreign 294,282 270,050 Overseas 1,904 3,826 Domestic 527,312 543,497 Negros Oriental Foreign 9,955 8,860 Overseas 426 331 Domestic 77,679 77,365 Siquijor Foreign 2,809 2,343 Overseas Domestic 22,368 26,399 Total for Region VII Foreign 322,514 295,789 Overseas 2,468 4,173 Domestic 680,089 713,749 Total 1,005,071 1,013,711 Growth rates (Region VII) Foreign -8% Overseas 69% Domestic 5% Total 1% Source: Department of Tourism
2002 17,243 113 75,396 285,820 963 549,588 8,420 237 85,662 2,796 37,160 314,279 1,313 747,806 1,063,398 6% -69% 5% 5%
2003 18,219 166 110,514 294,831 843 591,441 9,624 188 95,466 2,987 33,318 325,661 1,197 830,739 1,157,597 4% -9% 11% 9%
2004 25,054 1,867 134,740 349,848 1,361 660,928 12,349 259 118,755 3,300 107 7,597 390,551 3,594 922,020 1,316,165 20% 200% 11% 14%
2005 32,926 2,192 152,863 403,326 1,813 712,938 13,784 1,153 128,294 3,967 157 7,326 454,003 5,315 1,001,421 1,460,739 16% 48% 9% 11%
2006 46,438 3,815 169,058 472,260 2,460 772,767 21,029 1,044 133,250 4,247 64 6,728 543,974 7,383 1,081,803 1,633,160 20% 39% 8% 12%
The data also show that relative to other provinces, Bohol has a consistently increasing market share of the foreign travelers market in Region 7 (Table 1.2-4). From 4.8% in 2000, the provinces share of foreign travelers increased to 8.54% in 2006. Table 1.2-4 Percentage Distribution of Foreign Travelers in Region 7 2000 2001 Bohol 4.80% 4.91% Cebu 91.25% 91.30% Negros Oriental 3.09% 3.00% Siquijor 0.87% 0.79% Region 7 100.00% 100.00% Source: Department of Tourism 2002 5.49% 90.94% 2.68% 0.89% 100.00% 2003 5.59% 90.53% 2.96% 0.92% 100.00% 2004 6.42% 89.58% 3.16% 0.84% 100.00% 2005 7.25% 88.84% 3.04% 0.87% 100.00% 2006 8.54% 86.82% 3.87% 0.78% 100.00%
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The visitor arrival pattern over the last two years (2005-2006), as shown in Table 1.2-5 reveals that that the bulk of foreign travelers came from East Asian countries. Table 1.2-5 Visitor Arrival in Region 7 (2005-2006)
January-December 2006 Country of Residence Cebu Asia ASEAN Brunei Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Singapore Thailand Vietnam Sub-total East Asia China (People's Republic) Hongkong Japan Korea Taiwan Sub-total South Asia India & other SA countries Sub-total North America Canada USA Sub-total Oceania Australia New Zealand Sub-total Europe Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Italy Netherlands Norway Spain Sweden Bohol Negros Or. Siquijor Total Total Rate 2006 2005 Growth
83 58 1,416 38 2,760 21 4,858 1,605 75 10,914 7,984 11,674 117,361 165,309 16,199 318,527 2,481 2,481 5,177 53,374 58,551 10,272 785 11,057 882 811 931 241 3,030 9,210 2,238 1,818 3,121 1,044 1,797
3 6 222 233 380 324 4 1,172 1,024 614 4,565 5,221 8,069 19,493 272 272 1,372 5,902 7,274 1,601 175 1,776 283 237 307 68 1,218 3,405 867 604 409 217 571
5 6 72 50 74 30 14 246 252 75 2,742 3,095 101 6,265 69 69 674 4,636 5,310 1,098 76 1,174 115 185 209 29 407 1,696 175 233 390 67 128 8 6 10 15 44 26 6 217 96 13 358 4 4 115 814 929 232 13 245 115 66 130 22 276 954 62 176 67 73 70
91 70 1,718 38 3,049 21 5,322 1,974 93 12,376 9,286 12,369 124,885 173,721 24,382 344,643 2,826 2,826 7,338 64,726 72,064 13,203 1,049 14,252 1,395 1,299 1,577 360 4,931 15,265 3,342 2,831 3,987 1,401 2,566
71 8 962 2,946 56 5,153 1,389 109 10,694 6,298 11,882 119,446 150,837 17,624 306,087 1,797 1,797 5,679 49,851 55,530 10,138 899 11,037 1,099 1,252 1,320 310 4,065 12,471 2,730 2,562 3,153 1,147 2,242
28.17% 775.00% 78.59% 3.50% -62.50% 3.28% 42.12% -14.68% 15.73% 47.44% 4.10% 4.55% 15.17% 38.35% 12.60% 57.26% 57.26% 29.21% 29.84% 29.77% 30.23% 16.69% 29.13% 26.93% 3.75% 19.47% 16.13% 21.30% 22.40% 22.42% 10.50% 26.45% 22.14% 14.45% Page 1-9
1.3
The tourism chapter of the MTPDP presents as complementary strategyin addition to promoting tourism destinations and building more attractions in tourism areasthe improvement of infrastructures that shall increase the accessibility of such areas. The chapter also classifies Bohol as one of the destination focus in strategic development planning, especially as part of the Cebu-Bohol-Camiguin tourism circuit. The building of the Panglao Airport, therefore, is a key investment activity and component of development strategies in the infrastructure and tourism sectors.
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Medium-Term Philippine Investment Program The accompanying document to the MTPDP, the Medium-Term Philippine Investment Program (MTPIP) also includes Panglao Airport in its list of programs and projects. The list in the MTPIP shows the project as being considered for implementation using government funds. Comprehensive and Integrated Infrastructure Program The project is also included in the 2006-2010 Comprehensive and Integrated Infrastructure Program (CIIP) as one of the investment activities for the so-called SuperRegions. The CIIP identified the Manila International Airport Authority (MIAA) as the implementing agency. The CIIP also cited MIAAs mandate as coming from Presidential Memorandum Order (MO) 178-A, as amended by MO 210 that directs MIAA to be the lead implementing and funding agency for the project. Development Plan for the Super Regions The creation of super regions in the Philippines was proposed by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo in her 2006 State of the Nation Address to bolster the natural advantages of the five distinct regional sub-economies of the country. Executive Order (EO) 561 series of 2006 was then issued to officially form the super regions and identify and give mandate to the super-regional development champions. EO 561 s. 2006 mandates the grounding of the geographical units, without superseding current political boundaries nor altering regional development councils as established by existing laws and issuances, into the following super regions: Northern Luzon Agribusiness Quadrangle (Regions I, II, and CAR, and the northern part of the provinces of Aurora, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija and Zambales) Luzon Urban Beltway (NCR, Region IV-A, the provinces of Bulacan, Bataan, Pampanga, Mindoro, Marinduque and the southern parts of the provinces of Tarlac, Zambales, Aurora and Nueva Ecija) Central Philippines (Regions V, VI, VII and VIII, and the provinces of Romblon, Palawan, and Camiguin, and the Island of Siargao) Agribusiness Mindanao (Regions IX, X except Camiguin, XI, XII, CARAGA except Siargao, and ARMM) Cyber Corridor, which traverses the above super regions from Baguio to Cebu to Davao