Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PURPOSE This practice establishes guidelines and recommended procedures for the design of vertical vessel foundations using AFES(=Automatic Foundation Engineering System). AFES can design vertical vessel foundations as either soil- or pile-supported footings. CONTENTS This practice comprises the following:
Create or Open New Project Setting Soil and Pile Parameters. Creating New Structure. Exporting Load Combination. Assign Foundation Grouping. Editing footing sizes and other parameters. Pier and Footing Reinforcement Set Pile Layout for Pile Foundations. Import Load Combination for various foundation groups. Performing Design and Analysis functions. Quantity BOM(Bill of Material) function Construction Drawing Export 3D Modeling Data (PDMS, PDS Frame Work Plus)
There is a need to gather all necessary data from responsible disciplines such as load data of machine or equipment from Mechanical group, etc. before proceeding to modeling. You can input loads directly to AFES through the Load Case/Combination feature or import superstructure analysis result files for foundation analysis and design.
Below figures are foundation types commonly used for vertical vessel equipment supports.
Use : OCT Block Foundation
Design data sample for equipment is shown below based from actual projects. This equipment is a vertical vessel supported by octagonal shape foundation. DESIGN DATA Equipment Design Data
Sample spreadsheet calculation for wind and seismic load is presented below which was applied for actual project. This kind of calculation can be done by manual, excel, visual basic or in any form provided to satisfy code and standard requirements.
b) Select New Project option then click OK button. A window dialogue will display as shown.
1.2 Open Existing Project a) From File menu, select New/Open Project. A window will display as shown.
2. Setting Soil and Pile Parameters. Setting of constants options include design information that AFES needs in order to design a foundation. This includes a number of parameters such as design code, safety factor, bearing capacity of soil, capacity of pile, material and unit weight, clear cover, allowable increase of soil, allowable increase of pile, strength reduction factors, supports and anchor bolt options. In case of New project, set all design parameters from the Setting of Constant form. 2.1 Set Bearing Capacity of Soil from the Setting of Constant command. a) Click Setting of Constant button. b) Select Bearing Capacity of Soil tab.
c) Enter name in the Soil Bearing Capacity Name text box. d) Enter Soil Bearing Capacity (Qa) value. e) Click Save button.
2.2 Set Capacity of Pile from the Setting of Constant button. a) Select Capacity of Pile tab.
b) Enter name in the Pile Name text box. c) Select Pile Type. d) Select Pile Shape. e) Enter values for Pile dimensions f) Enter values for Allowable Capacities. g) Enter values for Elastic Modulus (Ep) and Pile Area. h) Click Save button.
3. Creating New Structure. Every input and output data can be saved in AFES Data Base according to projects, which provide work efficiency in control over project information. An engineer is able to create a file for a new project, reuse data from projects conducted previously, or eliminate old and useless data for the users own sake. 3.1 Choose Create New Structure button. Add : New Structure Name dialog window will appear. Input structure name, and then click on the New button.
d) Click Export button. e) Choose directory to save file, assign file name then click Save button.
The foundation modules in red box shown in above figure are normally used for vertical vessel equipment.
At the end of this step, we will create the structure as shown below.
5.2 Assign group for nodes 1 and 5. a) Click New button. b) Assign name from the Group name text box. c) Select Octagonal from the Group type. d) Select Non Pile fdn. option. e) Check Block foundation. f) Select Non Pile fdn. g) Select Different size (Each foundation) h) Select nodes 1 and 5 from the Using node list form. i) Click Save button.
5.3 Assign group for nodes 2 and 6. a) Click New button. b) Assign name from the Group name text box. c) Select Octagonal from the Group type. d) Select Non Pile fdn. option. e) Select Different size (Each foundation) f) Select nodes 2 and 6 from the Using node list form. g) Click Save button.
5.4 Assign group for nodes 3 and 4. a) Click New button. b) Assign name from the Group name text box. c) Select Octagonal from the Group type. d) Select Pile fdn. option. e) Select Different size (Each foundation). e) Select nodes 3 and 4 from the Using node list form. f) Click Save button.
5.5 Assign group for nodes 7 and 8. a) Click New button. b) Assign name from the Group name text box. c) Select Octagonal from the Group type. d) Select Block foundation. e) Select Pile fdn. option. f) Select Different size (Each foundation). g) Select nodes 7 and 8 from the Using node list form. h) Click Save button.
b) Click Feature Data/Dimension button. c) Choose SUPT-01 in the Soil Name selection.
<Footing tab>
<Pier tab> d) Enter values as shown in the Feature form for Footing. e) Click Save button. 6.2 Edit footing size of group G2. a) Select G2 from the Group selection in top menu.
b) Click Feature Data/Dimension button. c) Choose SUPT-01 in the Soil Name selection.
<Footing tab>
<Pier tab>
d) Enter values as shown in the Feature form for Footing and Pier. e) Click Save button. 6.3 Edit footing size of group G3. a) Select G3 from the Group selection in top menu.
b) Click Feature Data/Dimension button. c) Choose SUPT-02 in the Soil Name selection.
<Footing tab>
<Pier tab> d) Enter values as shown in the Feature form for Footing and Pier. e) Click Save button. 6.4 Edit footing size of group G4. a) Select G4 from the Group selection in top menu.
b) Click Feature Data/Dimension button. c) Choose SUPT-02 in the Soil Name selection.
<Footing tab>
<Pier tab>
c) Enter values as shown in the Feature form for Footing and Pier. d) Click Save button.
7. Pier and Footing Reinforcement The Reinforcement Data command is used to assign bar sizes and spacing for piers and footings. Reinforcement bar sizes depend on the design code designated in the Setting of Constant command. Set of bar array options are available in the Footing option. The arrangement of footing bars are parallel to the X and Y axis except for Tank1 and Tank2 Ring type modules which are in radial and longitudinal directions. Below are our based from our company standards. Minimum Pier Reinforcement Octagons 4'- 0" to 5'- 10": 8 - #4 vertical with #4 ties at 15 inches maximum. Octagons 6'- 0" to 8'- 10": 16 - #4 vertical with #4 ties at 15 inches maximum. Octagons 9'- 0" to 12'- 0": 24 - #5 vertical with #5 ties at 15 inches maximum. Octagons larger than 12- 0": 32 - #5 vertical with #5 ties at 15 inches maximum. Pedestals larger than 8'- 0" in diameter will have a mat of reinforcing steel at the top. The requirement for additional vertical reinforcing for anchor bolt development will be checked in accordance with Company Structural Engineering Guide.
From the main tool bar, click the Reinforcement data shown in below figure. 7.1 Block Foundation
a) Set Array Type Select from the array types of footing reinforcement layout. Different forms for single and double layer arrangement are presented.
a) Set Array Type Select from the array types of footing reinforcement layout. Different forms for single and double layer arrangement are presented.
c) Select Pier or footing tab. Enter the values of footing re-bar as shown.
d) Select Save then Close button. Fore further discussions, refer to Help documents.
b) Click Pile Data command. c) Select Array Wizard tab. d) Select Origin Point. e) Select PHC-12 from the Pile Name selection. f) Set Circular option. g) Enter Star Angle, No. and Pile Circle Dia. (PCD). h) Click Regenerate button. i) Click OK button.
Repeat above steps in creating new circular pile array arrangement then click Add Draw to include to defined pile arrangement.
8.2 Set Pile Arrangement for foundation group G3-F6. (Rectangular by Coordinates) a) Select G3 from the Group selection and 4(F6) from the Pier in top menu.
b) Click Pile Data command. c) Select Coordinates. d) Select Origin Point. c) Select PHC-12 from the Pile Name selection. d) Click Add button 18 times to define 18 piles. e) Enter coordinate values from the corresponding text boxes as shown. f) Click OK button.
Vertical Loads Erection Weight: Fabricated weight of vessel, generally taken from vessel drawing, plus internals, platforms, manways, and piping that are actually erected with the vessel. Empty Weight: Fabricated weight of vessel plus weight of internals, piping, insulation, fireproofing, and platforms; generally taken from vessel drawing. Operating Weight: Empty weight plus weight of operating liquid or catalyst; generally taken from vessel
drawing. Test Weight: Empty weight plus weight of water required for hydrostatic test; generally taken from vessel drawing. It should be determined whether a hydrostatic test will actually be done in the field. It is generally desirable to design for test weight since unforeseen circumstances may occur. The above loads should be considered as dead loads when applying load factors used in ultimate strength design. Wind Loads Wind loads should be calculated in accordance with the job specifications and Company Structural Engineering Guidel: Wind Load Calculation. Wind loads are normally calculated by the Mechanical group, however, verification by the Structural group may be required. Wind loads calculated by hand should be compared to the computer printout. If the two results compare favorably, the mechanical results should be used for foundation design. If the results do not compare favorably, the differences shall be jointly discussed and resolved. When calculating or checking wind loads, due consideration should be given to factors which may significantly affect total wind loads such as the application of dynamic gust factors or the presence of spoilers on the vessel. Seismic Loads In earthquake zones, seismic forces determined in accordance with job specifications, usually conforming with the UBC (Uniform Building Code), will replace wind forces when greater. Refer to Structural Company Engineering Guide: Earthquake Engineering, for seismic design considerations and procedures. Seismic loads calculated by the Mechanical group shall be independently verified as appropriate by the Structural group. Thermal Loads Thrusts due to thermal expansion of piping will be included in the operating load combinations, when deemed advisable. Dead load factors will be applied to the resultants of piping thermal loadings. Consult with the Pipe Stress Engineer for any thermal loads that are to be considered. DESIGN LOAD COMBINATION The default allowable or unfactored load combinations for a vertical vessel foundation generated by AFES depend on the concrete design code selected. For eg if ACI code is selected, the combinations are as follows: - Self Weight + Oper - Self Weight + Oper + Wind X Direction
- Self Weight + Oper + Wind Y Direction - Self Weight + Oper + EQ X Direction - Self Weight + Oper + EQ Y Direction - Self Weight + Erec or Empty - Self Weight + Erec + Wind X Direction - Self Weight + Erec + Wind Y Direction - Self Weight + Erec + EQ X Direction - Self Weight + Erec + EQ Y Direction - Self Weight + Test + 0.33Wind X Direction - Self Weight + Test + 0.33Wind Y Direction
- 1.4Self Weight + 1.4Oper - 1.05Self Weight + 1.05Oper + 1.275Wind X Direction - 0.9Self Weight + 0.9Oper + 1.3Wind X Direction - 1.05Self Weight + 1.05Oper + 1.275 Wind Y Direction - 0.9Self Weight + 0.9Oper + 1.3 Wind Y Direction - 1.05Self Weight + 1.05Oper + 1.4025EQ X Direction - 0.9Self Weight + 0.9Oper + 1.43EQ X Direction - 1.05Self Weight + 1.05Oper + 1.4025 EQ Y Direction - 0.9Self Weight + 0.9Oper + 1.43EQ Y Direction - 1.4Self Weight + 1.4Erec or 1.4Empty - 1.05Self Weight + 1.05 Erec + 1.275 Wind X Direction - 0.9Self Weight + 0.9 Erec + 1.3Wind X Direction - 1.05Self Weight + 1.05 Erec + 1.275 Wind Y Direction - 0.9Self Weight + 0.9 Erec + 1.3Wind Y Direction - 1.05Self Weight + 1.05 Erec + 1.4025 EQ X Direction - 0.9Self Weight + 0.9 Erec + 1.43 EQ X Direction - 1.05Self Weight + 1.05 Erec + 1.4025EQ Y Direction - 0.9Self Weight + 0.9 Erec + 1.43EQ Y Direction - 1.05Self Weight + 1.05Test + 0.42Wind X Direction - 1.05Self Weight + 1.05Test + 0.42Wind Y Direction
For eg if BS81100 code is selected, the combinations are as follows - 1.6Self Weight + 1.6Oper - 1.4Self Weight + 1.4Empty + 1.2Wind X Direction - 1.4Self Weight + 1.4Empty + 1.2Wind Y Direction - 1.2Self Weight + 1.2Oper + 1.2Wind X Direction - 1.2Self Weight + 1.2Oper + 1.2Wind Y Direction
- 1.6Self Weight + 1.4Test + 0.6Wind X Direction - 1.6Self Weight + 1.4Test + 0.6Wind Y Direction - 0.9Self Weight + 0.9Empty + 1.2Wind X Direction - 0.9Self Weight + 0.9Empty + 1.2Wind Y Direction - 1.2Self Weight + 1.2 Oper + 1.0 EQ X Direction + 0.5Platform - 1.2Self Weight + 1.2 Oper + 1.0 EQ Y Direction + 0.5Platform You can actually create new load combinations through the Load Combination button but in this example, we will use Import command. a) Click Load Combination button. The Load Combination form will display as shown.
b) Click Import button. c) Access the load combination file then click Open button. A warning message will appear as shown.
d) Select appropriate button as explained in the warning message form. e) Click Save button. Repeat same procedure for the other foundation groups.
10.2 Select Foundation Design New Version. 10.3 Click OK button. For through discussion on setting other functions such as General, Temperature and Shrinkage/Stability, Tank Design, Detail Report Option and Contents, you may refer to help menu. 10.4 Using Conventional Rigid Method. a) Select Rigid Method Foundation Design option.
c) Click OK button.
11.2 For All Foundation structures. a) From Design menu, select Quantity (BOM) then Take off BOM 3D (All Structure).
c) Click OK button. d) Check structures to include BOM Take off calculation from the form below.
e) Click OK button.
13. Export 3D Modeling Data (PDMS, PDS Frame Work Plus) Today, plant design works involve many design parts, modeling objects from each part allows other parts to assess those object on their work process helping streamlining the work process through project completion. A 3D foundation model of the objects designed by various design parts effectively communicates the geometric design data. Therefore automating the work process from design to 3D modeling forms an integral component of reducing overall project cost. With our design to modeling interface from AFES to Frameworks Plus, you will experience significant productivity. 13.1 Export to PDS a) Click Export PDS Data button. A dialogue form will display as shown.
b) Set Output unit and coordinate mapping options. c) Check Send Model Data to PDS option then click OK button. 13.2 Export to PDMS a) Click Export PDMS Data button. A dialogue form will display as shown.
b) Set various parameters accordingly and click OK button. For further discussions, you may refer to Help PDF manuals.