STAIR DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION

ID 270 BUILDING SYSTEMS & MATERIALS

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Stair Components: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tread Riser Stringer Rise / run Handrail Balustrade Nosing Winder Newel post

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Commercial v. Residential Stairs: ! Egress stairs (protected path) must be enclosed and be made of firerated . materials as per code ! Non-egress stairs may be open and are not subject to the same fire codes ! Minimum head clearance in residential buildings is 6-6 ! Minimum head clearance in commercial buildings is 6-8 ! Minimum width in residential buildings (or occupant load < 50) is 36 ! Minimum width in commercial buildings with occupant load > 50 is 44 ! Maximum handrail profile encroachment in commercial buildings is 4! into . minimum width ! Maximum handrail profile encroachment in residential is 3! into minimum width ! Caveat: codes vary for all circumstances; must verify dimensions accordingly!

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Stair Drawings: Clearances and Dimensions

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Commercial v. Residential Stairs: ! Egress stairs (protected path) must be enclosed and be made of firerated . materials as per code ! Non-egress stairs may be open and are not subject to the same fire codes ! Minimum head clearance in residential buildings is 6-6 ! Minimum head clearance in commercial buildings is 6-8 ! Minimum width in residential buildings (or occupant load < 50) is 36 ! Minimum width in commercial buildings with occupant load > 50 is 44 ! Maximum handrail profile encroachment in commercial buildings is 4! into . minimum width ! Maximum handrail profile encroachment in residential is 3! into minimum width ! Caveat: codes vary for all circumstances; must verify dimensions accordingly!

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Stair Drawings: Handrails

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Handrails and Railings: ! Handrails on both sides of a stair required in commercial buildings ! Handrails required only on one side in private dwellings ! Handrail gripping surface must be continuous and without obstructions ! In residences, newel posts are allowed at landing and at base of stair ! Extra-wide egress stairs must have intermediate handrails, within 30 of reach ! Handrails must be located at 34- 38 above nosing (generally required at 36) ! End of handrail must have a return ! Handrails in public buildings must extend at both the top and bottom of a flight of stairs ! Inside railing at switchback stairs must be continuous (change in slope) ! Railings and balustrade members must have no gaps 4 or larger ! Balustrades should be oriented vertically so as not to encourage climbing

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Stair Drawings: Plan and Section

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Stair Drawings: Handrails

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Stair Drawings: Handrails

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Treads and Risers: ! Treads must be at least 10 deep (not including nosing) in residential buildings ! Treads must be at least 11 deep in commercial buildings and in compliance with ADA ! Must be strong enough not to deflect under span, weight, and concentrated force ! ! ! ! Risers must be no greater than 7" in residences Risers must be no greater than 7 in commercial buildings Open risers are generally not allowed by code Difference in riser height permissible < 1/8per riser, or 3/8 over length of run

! Nosings cannot project more than 1!and have a maximum radius of ! ! Number of treads in a straight run stair is 1 less than the number of risers, and 2 less in a switchback (landing instead of tread) ! Proportion of tread depth to riser height: 2R + T = 25 (most comfortable for stride)

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Stair Drawings: Nosing Profiles

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Stringers: ! Open stringers (treads fastened from above) ! Closed stringers (treads fastened from side) ! Code requires (3) 2 x 12s for 36 wide residential stair ! Kicker plate at bottom to anchor stair structure ! Mounted at top with hangers or plates onto floor structure ! May be exposed or finished with fire-rated gypboard + sound insulation

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Stair Drawings: Stringers

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Spiral Stairs: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Head clearance of 78 Riser height may not exceed 9! in non-egress conditions May be used as means of egress if exit access space is < 250 sf and < 5 occupants Same riser heights as per code apply for egress Minimum diameter for egress = 5- 0; 26 clear width + 4 center column (steel) Can make three-quarter turn or full 360 degree turn One baluster per tread

! Center column (cantilever) OR Center column + stringer OR Double stringer

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Stair Drawings: Spiral

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Fire Egress Stairs: ! Must be completely enclosed ! Must be made of fire-rated materials (fire-rating according to code) ! Generally made of concrete in public buildings requiring egress ! Width dimensions depend on occupancy load ! Rescue assistance requirements to accommodate rescue personnel and waiting . areas on landings for wheelchairs ! Number and locations of fire stairs regulated by code ! Minimum distance between stairwells in large commercial building is 30 ft

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Stair Types: Straight Run

If rise > 12, then landing required

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Stair Types: Straight Run

If rise > 12, then landing required

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Stair Types: L-shaped & Winders

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Stair Types: L-shaped & Winders

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Stair Types: L-shaped & Winders

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Stair Types: L-shaped & Winders

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Stair Types: L-shaped & Winders

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Stair Types: Switchback or Return

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Stair Types: Switchback or Return

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Stair Types: Switchback or Return

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Stair Types: Switchback or Return

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Stair Types: Switchback or Return

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Stair Types: Switchback or Return

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Stair Types: Curved and Spiral

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Stair Types: Curved and Spiral

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Stair Types: Curved and Spiral

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Stair Types: Curved and Spiral

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Stair Types: Curved and Spiral

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Stair Types: Curved and Spiral

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Stair Types: Curved and Spiral

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Stair Types: Curved and Spiral

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Stair Types: Curved and Spiral

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Stair Types: Curved and Spiral

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Stair Types: Curved and Spiral

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Stair Types: Curved and Spiral

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Stair Types: Curved and Spiral

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Stair Types: Curved and Spiral

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Stair Types: Other Shapes

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Stair Types: Alternating

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Stair Types: Alternating

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Stair Types: Alternating

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Stair Types: Alternating

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Stair Types: Alternating

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Stair Types: Sculptural Stairs

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Stair Types: Sculptural Stairs

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Stair Types: Sculptural Stairs

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Stair Types: Sculptural Stairs

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Stair Types: Sculptural Stairs

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Stair Types: Sculptural Stairs

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Stair Types: Sculptural Stairs

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Stair Types: Heightened experience

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Stair Types: Sculptural Stair Details

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Stair Types: Sculptural Stair Details

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Stair Types: Sculptural Stair Details

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Stair Materials: glass, steel, wood, concrete

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Stair Materials: glass, steel, wood, concrete

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Stair Materials: glass, steel, wood, concrete

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Decorative Stairs: lighting, color, images, motif

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Decorative Stairs: lighting, color, images, motif

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Decorative Stairs: lighting, color, images, motif

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Decorative Railings:

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Stair Drawings: Residential Stair details

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Stair Drawings: Commercial Stair details

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How to calculate stair dimensions: ! Start with determining riser dimension because floor height is fixed (treads and . horizontal run have more flexibility) ! Calculate the floor-to-floor height (ceiling height + floor thickness, including finish . floor); convert to inches ! Divide by a standard 7 riser height ! For commercial buildings, round up, and for dwellings, round down; this represents . the number of risers ! Divide the floor-to-floor height by the number of risers to establish the exact riser height, and verify that the dimension meets the applicable code ! Number of treads is 1 less for straight run, and 2 less for stair with landing ! Depth of tread can be calculated by available run, code requirements, and tread/ riser . proportion .

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How to calculate stair dimensions: ! Calculate the floor-to-floor height Ceiling height = 8 0 = 96 Floor thickness = 2 x12 + gypboard ceiling + subfloor + finish floor = 11-1/4 + 5/8 + 3/4 + 3/4 = 13-3/8 Ceiling height (96) + floor thickness (13-3/8) = 109.375

Determine riser: ! Divide by a standard 7 riser height = 15.625 For commercial buildings, round up = 16 risers For dwellings, round down = 15 risers ! Divide the FTF height by the number of risers (verify with code) Commercial = 6.836 Residential = 7.29

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How to calculate stair dimensions:

Determine tread & run: ! Straight run commercial stair will have 15 treads T = 25 2R (13.67) = 11.33; run = 11.33 x 15 treads = 170 (14 2) Minimum run = 11 x 15 treads = 165 = 13 9 ! Straight run residential stair will have 14 treads T = 25 2R (14.58) = 10.42; run = 10.42 x 14 treads = 145.88 (121-7/8) Minimum run = 10 x 14 treads = 140 = 11 8

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How to draw stairs:

By hand: ! Use architectural scale and set 0 to 1st floor and 15 (# of residential risers) to 2nd floor ! Draw a diagonal line (this represents the slope of your stair) and tick off every foot ! Draw horizontal construction lines through each tick; these represent your treads ! Draw vertical line from tick to construction line below; these represent your risers In AutoCAD: ! Draw a vertical line from first to second floor ! Use your divide command to divide into 15 parts ! Snap horizontal construction lines through each tick to establish your tread locations ! Set vertical line for either top or bottom tread (depending which point is fixed) ! Offset by your tread dimension (10.42 for residential) to establish your riser locations

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Exercise: Calculate stair dimensions for the community center