The English Civil War

King vs. Parliament Elizabeth I: Elizabethan Settlement temporarily calms religious conflict Strong monarch who manages Parliament to get her way James I: Elizabeth's cousin, st Stuart monarch !Scotlan"# belief in $i%ine &ight of 'ings creates conflict with Parliament (efto%er economic problems from Elizabeth !e)pensi%e wars# *harles I: $i%ine &ight !+bsolute authority to rule, answerable only to ,o"-# religious issues: +nglican .onarchy/Puritan Parliament nee"s money from Parliament 0 Parliament wants to restrict royal authority in e)change Financial Crisis continues 1ar with Spain 2 3rance *harles goes to Parliament to get money is refuse" *harles hea%ily ta)es population an" wealthy lor"s Parliament refuses to fun" unless 'ing agrees to Petition of &ight Petition of &ight (imite" the 'ing4s power - *annot imprison sub5ects without "ue cause 6- *annot force loans or le%y ta)es without consent of Parliament7- *annot house sol"iers in pri%ate homes without owner4s consent8- *annot impose martial law in peacetimeReaction: *harles I "issol%es parliament year later

Religious Crisis *harles force" Scots !Presbyterians# to follow *hurch of Englan"4s ways le" to Scottish re%olt .oney nee"e" to put "own re%olt, *harles force" to recall Parliament Parliament restricts 'ing4s power further9 *harles force" to accept

 rebellion in Irelan", Parliament refuses to fun" *harles' army *harles attempts to arrest his opponents in Parliament English Civil War 1ar begins between forces loyal to the monarchy an" the *hurch of Englan" %s- those loyal to Parliament an" *al%inism !Puritans an" Presbyterians# Cavaliers !(oyalists# *harles I vs. Roundheads !Puritans# :li%er *romwell

!Parliament .ember 2 Puritan ,eneral#

;8< 0 *romwell's =ew .o"el +rmy wins *romwell brings *harles I to trial *harles is behea"e"Interregnum (1649-166 ! *ommonwealth: Englan" as &epublic ;8<>?7 !no @ing# &ule by one>house Parliament !Puritans# Aarsh, puritan policy !li@e *al%in's ,ene%a# *romwell frustrate" with opposition in Parliament, creates Protectorate *romwell (or" Protector ;?7>?B !li@e a military "ictator# Restoration +fter *romwell "ies in ;?B, his son is ineffecti%e as a ruler many people want to restore the @ing Parliament as@s *harles II !son of *harles I# to return as 'ing *harles agrees to gi%e up significant royal power to Parliament *harles II sympathetic to *atholicism religious toleration 'nown as the .erry .onarch, he "i" not challenge Parliament =o legitimate heirs > throne passes to James II !his *atholic brother# Political Parties 3or 'ing James Cories !nobles, gentry, pro>monarchy +nglicans# +gainst 'ing James 1higs !mi""le class, Puritans, liberals# James II attempts to strengthen *atholicism again Dirth of James' *atholic son in ;BB lea"s to force" remo%al

"lorious Revolution James II unpopular Doth parties approach 1illiam 2 .ary .ary, James II's protestant "aughter, is marrie" to 1illiam of :range !$utch protestant# James flees the country 1 2 . assume the throne !5oint monarchy# *alle" ,lorious &e%olution 0 power change" han"s with no fighting 1 2 . ma@e many concessions to Parliament, sign English Dill of &ights English #ill o$ Rights =o ta)ation without Parliament4s consent 3ree"om of Speech in Parliament =o penalty to protest the 'ing =o stan"ing army @ept in peacetime 16%% & Englan' is rule' () Euro*e+s $irst ,constitutional monarch)1hat were the religious, economic, an" political cause of the E*1E 1hat e%ents le" to Parliament becoming more powerful than the monarchyE 1hat effects "o you thin@ this new constitutional go%ernment in Englan" will ha%e on the rest of Europe in the years followingE