Grade 8 Bilingual Math

Similarity
Jackie.Zhou
Yantai Yew Wah International School
junzhou013@gmail.com
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Similarity 1 / 14
Congruence
Congruent gures
% have identical shapes and sizes
% corresponding angles are equal
% corresponding sides are equal
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Similarity 2 / 14
Similar gures: has identical shapes but dierent sizes
Similar polygons:has identical shapes but dierent sizes
corresponding angles are equal
corresponding sides are in the same ratio
Can you give the denition of similar triangles?
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Similarity 3 / 14
Similar triangles
k corresponding angles are equal
k corresponding edges are in the same ratio which is called similarity
ratio
k labeled as

ABC

Question
Are two congruent triangles similar?
Are two isosceles right angled triangle similar?
Are two right angled triangle similar?
Are two regular triangles similar? isosceles triangles?
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Similarity 4 / 14
Example
A map maker want to draw a map for a triangular lawn with one edge 20
m. In the graph, this side is 5cm and the other two sides are both 3.5cm.
What the actual length of the lawns other two sides?
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Similarity 5 / 14
Example
As in the graph, given that

ADE

ABC
(1) if BAC = 45

, ACB = 40

, then get the size of angles AED

and ADE
(2) if AE=50cm, EC=30cm, BC=70cm, get the length of edge DE.
Ans: (1) 40

and 95

(2) 43.75 cm
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Similarity 6 / 14
Similarity conditions
Question
conditions for two triangles are congruent
conditions for two triangles are similar
handwork
(1) draw a triangle with one angle 60

and compare with your friends, are

they similar?
(2) draw a triangle with one angle 60

, another one 50

, compare with
others. Are they similar?
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Similarity 7 / 14
Two triangles with two identical angles are similar
Example
As in the graph, in

ABC, DE BC
(1) nd angles with same size
(2) are

ADE and

ABC similar to each other?

(3) corresponding edges are in proportional
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Similarity 8 / 14
Exercise
1 As in the graph, C is a point on the segment AB and A = B = 90

,
1 = 2
(1) show that

ACD

BCE
(2) proportional identity for the corresponding edges
Figure: ex 1 Figure: ex 2
2 As in the graph, in

ABC, AED = B, AD=2, DB=4, AE=3.

(1) show that

ABC

AED
(2) get the length of edge EC
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Similarity 9 / 14
Two triangles

ABC and

are similar if
have two identical angles: B = B

, A = A

corresponding sides have lengths in the same ratio:

AB
A

=
AC
A

=
BC
B

two sides have lengths in the same ratio, and the angles included
between these sides have the same measure
AB
A

=
AC
A

, A = A

Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Similarity 10 / 14

Example
1
As in the graph, in

ABC, D,E are points on AC and BC.

AD
DC
=
BE
EC
. Are

ABC and

DEC similar?
Figure: eg 1 Figure: eg 2
2
As in the graph, are

ABC and

similar?
Similarity ratio
If

ABC

, then
AB
A

=
AC
A

=
BC
B

= k, the constant k is
called the similarity ratio.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Similarity 11 / 14
Example
As in the graph,

ABC

with similarity ratio k, CD and

C

are heights, then get the value for

CD
C

ABC

with similarity ratio k

ratio of corresponding height equals to k
ratio of corresponding angular bisector equals to k
ratio of corresponding median line equals to k
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Similarity 12 / 14
Example
As in the graph,

ABC

with similarity ratio k, AD and

A

are height, AE and A

are median line.

(1) show that
AD
A

=
AE
A

(2) ratio between perimeter l of

ABC and perimeter l

of

(3) ratio between area S

ABC
of

ABC and area S

C
of

Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Similarity 13 / 14

ABC

with similarity ratio k

the perimeter ratio of them is k
the area ratio of them is k
2
Example
In

ABC, D, E lie on AB, AC and

AD
AB
=
AE
AC
, get the ratio
S

ADE
: S
quadrilateral BCED
Sol: Since
AD
AB
=
AE
AC
and A = A, we have

ADE

ABC and similarity ratio is

AD
AB
=
2
3
Thus we have
S

ADE
S

ABC
= (
2
3
)
2
=
4
9
This means S

ADE
=
4
9
S

ABC
and hence S
BCDE
=
5
9
S

ABC
Thus we have S

ADE
: S
quadrilateral BCED
=
4
9
:
5
9
= 4 : 5
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Similarity 14 / 14