FIBER NETWORK CABLING

By:
Abdul Hak Bin Mahat (ILPS)
Title: Light And History
Of Optical Media Of Optical Media
By:
Abdul Hak Bin Mahat (ILPS)
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Abdul Hak Bin Mahat
(ILPS)
Ray Model of Light
Abdul Hak Bin Mahat
(ILPS)
Ray Model of Light
Abdul Hak Bin Mahat
(ILPS)
Light travel through
Fiber Optic Cables
Fiber-optic lines are strands of optically
pure glass as thin as a human hair that
carries light over a particular distance
But HOW?
Abdul Hak Bin Mahat
(ILPS)
What is LIGHT ?
Light is electromagnetic radiation with a
wavelength that is visible to the eye, or in
a more general sense, any
electromagnetic radiation in the range electromagnetic radiation in the range
from infrared to ultraviolet.
Prism splitting light Prism splitting light
Abdul Hak Bin Mahat
(ILPS)
Visible Light
The different wavelengths are detected by
the human eye and then interpreted by the
human brain as colors, ranging from red,
orange, yellow, green, blue, and, orange, yellow, green, blue, and,
conventionally, indigo to violet
Spectrum of Spectrum of
Visible light Visible light
Abdul Hak Bin Mahat
(ILPS)
Ultraviolet (UV)
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is
electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength
shorter than that of the visible region.
There are three type of UV; they are UVA,
UVB & UVC at different wavelength. UVB & UVC at different wavelength.
The solar corona taken by the Extreme ultraviolet Imaging The solar corona taken by the Extreme ultraviolet Imaging
Telescope instrument aboard the SOHO spacecraft Telescope instrument aboard the SOHO spacecraft
Infrared
Infrared (IR) radiation is electromagnetic
radiation of a wavelength longer than
visible light
Image of a small dog taken in infrared light. Image of a small dog taken in infrared light.
with fahrenheit temperature scale with fahrenheit temperature scale
Source of Light
There are many sources of light
Example; Sun, glowing solid particles in
flames , chemo luminescence, light bulb,
LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation)
Abdul Hak Bin Mahat
(ILPS)
The Sun
A sun is the star at the center of a solar
system. Our sun is usually referred to as
the Sun
Large solar flare recorded by SOHO EIT304 Large solar flare recorded by SOHO EIT304
instrument in the ultraviolet. instrument in the ultraviolet.
Abdul Hak Bin Mahat
(ILPS)
Glowing Solid Particles in
Flames
Lava is molten rock that a volcano expels
during an eruption and it is emitting light
due to its extremely high temperature
Abdul Hak Bin Mahat
(ILPS)
Chemoluminescence
Chemoluminescence is the emission of
light (luminescence) as the result of a
chemical reaction.
Three types of lightsticks in five colours Three types of lightsticks in five colours
Abdul Hak Bin Mahat
(ILPS)
Light Bulb
A light bulb uses a glowing wire filament
heated to white-hot by electrical
resistance, to generate light (a process
known as thermal radiation) known as thermal radiation)
A light bulb A light bulb
Abdul Hak Bin Mahat
(ILPS)
LASER
A laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation) is generated by a
device that produce coherent light.
(cahaya terang). (cahaya terang).
laser laser- -striking striking- -marble marble
Abdul Hak Bin Mahat
(ILPS)
Sejarah Teknologi Fiber Optik
Manusia menggunakan cahaya untuk
berkomunikasi pada zaman dahulu.
Pada tahun 1960an, cahaya laser
diperkenalkan.
Kajian terhadap penghantaran data
dengan lebih meluas dan penggunaan
yang maksimum.
Abdul Hak Bin Mahat
(ILPS)
Sistem laser boleh menghantar data yang
banyak dengan kelajuan yang tinggi hingga
lebih 1 Gbps.
Lebih baik berbanding sistem perhubungan
lain seperti telefon, gelombang mikro, dan
lain-lain perhubungan menggunakan isyarat
lain seperti telefon, gelombang mikro, dan
lain-lain perhubungan menggunakan isyarat
elektrik.
Tumpuan kajian terhadap gentian kaca
sebagai bahan untuk media fiber optik.
Abdul Hak Bin Mahat
(ILPS)
Dalam tahun 1970, Corning Glass Works
Ltd mencipta multimode fiber dengan
kadar kehilangan di bawah 20 dB/km.
Pada 1972, syarikat ini menghasilkan fiber
optik menggunakan high silica-core
multimode dan ia mempunyai kadar multimode dan ia mempunyai kadar
kehilangan 4 dB/km.
Biasanya, multimode fiber mempunyai
kadar kehilangan di bawah 0.5dB/km
dengan panjang gelombang 1300nm.
Abdul Hak Bin Mahat
(ILPS)
Singlemode fiber pula, kadar kehilangan di
bawah 0.25dB/km dengan panjang
gelombang 1500nm.
Pembangunan dalam teknologi
semikonduktor pula meningkatkan
keupayaan fiber optik terutamanya
terhadap punca cahaya dan pengesan.
keupayaan fiber optik terutamanya
terhadap punca cahaya dan pengesan.
Ini kerana cahaya yang tinggi memerlukan
sistem pelekap (lens) yang berkualiti tinggi
dan ini sukar untuk dihasilkan.
Abdul Hak Bin Mahat
(ILPS)
Pada tahun 1971, makmal Bell U.S.A
menghasilkan Light emitting diode (LED)
bagi menghasilkan cahaya yang bersesuaian
dengan fiber optik.
Pengkajian laser diteruskan dengan
terhasilnya laser yang boleh digunakan
sehingga lebih daripada 100,000 jam pada sehingga lebih daripada 100,000 jam pada
tahun 1979.
Seterusnya, kajian dalam membangunkan
bahagian-bahagian fiber optik seperti low loss
fiber, kabel fiber, splicer dan connector
dilakukan.
Abdul Hak Bin Mahat
(ILPS)
Kini, teknologi fiber optik digunakan
dengan meluas dalam tujuan
perhubungan data, suara dan gambar.
Walaupun media ini memerlukan kos Walaupun media ini memerlukan kos
perbelanjaan yang tinggi dalam
pemasangan, namun ia merupakan media
yang menjanjikan keselamatan dan
kepantasan dalam penghantaran data.
Abdul Hak Bin Mahat
(ILPS)
Oleh : Abdul Hak Bin Mahat (ILPS)