AP Biology Summer Assignment: Your Inner Fish

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
Overview questions (Keep these in mind as you are reading the oo!"
#$ In what way do s%ienti&i% e'p(anations di&&er &rom other ways o&
!nowing) *hat ma!es evo(utionary io(ogy a s%ien%e)
+$ *hat insights do we gain when we integrate mo(e%u(ar and &ossi( data)
,$ Can we (oo! to e'amp(es in the natura( wor(d to in&orm our %on%eptions
o& what is -norma(- or ethi%a( human ehavior)
Chapter # . /inding 0our Inner /ish
#$ E'p(ain why the author and his %o((eagues %hose to &o%us on ,12 mi((ion
year o(d ro%!s in their sear%h &or &ossi(s$ 3e sure to in%(ude the types o&
ro%!s and their (o%ation during their pa(eonto(ogy wor! in +445$
+$ Des%rie the &ossi( Ti!taa(i!$ *hy does this &ossi( %on&irm a ma6or
predi%tion o& pa(eonto(ogy)
,$ E'p(ain why Nei( Shuin thin!s Ti!taa(i! says something aout our own
odies) (in other words 7 why the Inner /ish tit(e &or the oo!)"
Chapter + . 8etting a 8rip
#$ Des%rie the 9pattern: to the s!e(eton o& the human arm that was
dis%overed y Sir ;i%hard Owen in the mid.#<44s$ ;e(ate this pattern to
his idea o& e'%eptiona( simi(arities$
+$ =ow did Char(es Darwin>s theory e'p(ain these simi(arities that were
oserved y Owen)
,$ *hat did &urther e'amination o& Ti!taa(i!>s &ins revea( aout the %reature
and its> (i&esty(e)
Chapter , . =andy 8enes
#$ ?any e'periments were %ondu%ted during the #@24s and #@A4s with %hi%!
emryos and they showed that two pat%hes o& tissue essentia((y %ontro((ed
the deve(opment o& the pattern o& ones inside (ims$ Des%rie one o&
these e'periments and e'p(ain the signi&i%an%e o& the &indings$
+$ Des%rie the hedgehog gene$$ 3e sure to e'p(ain its> &un%tion and its>
region o& a%tivity in the ody$
Chapter 5 . Teeth Everywhere
#$ Teeth ma!e great &ossi(s . why are they 9as hard as ro%!s):
+$ *hat are %onodonts)
,$ Shuin writes that 9we wou(d never have s%a(esB &eathersB and reasts i&
we didn>t have teeth in the &irst p(a%e$: (p$ 1@" E'p(ain what he means y
this statement$
Chapter 2 . 8etting Chead
#$ *hy are the trigemina( and &a%ia( %rania( nerves oth %omp(i%ated and
strange in the human ody)
+$ Dist the stru%tures that are &ormed &rom the &our emryoni% ar%hes (gi((
ar%hes" during human deve(opment$
,$ *hat are =o' genes and why are they so important)
5$ Cmphio'us is a sma(( inverterate yet is an important spe%imen &or study 7
why)
Chapter A . The 3est Daid (3ody" E(ans
#$ Ear(y emryoni% e'periments in the #<44s (ed to the dis%overy o& three
germ (ayers$ Dist their names and the organs that &orm &rom ea%h$
+$ Des%rie the (asto%yst stage in emryoni% deve(opment$
,$ *hat is meant y 9ontogeny re%apitu(ates phy(ogeny):
5$ *hat type o& gene is Noggin and what is its &un%tion in odies)
2$ Sea anemones have radia( symmetry whi(e humans have i(atera(
symmetry ut they sti(( have 9simi(ar: ody p(ans 7 e'p(ain$
Chapter 1 . Cdventures in 3odyui(ding
#$ ;e&er to the time(ine on p$#+# 7 what is most interesting to you aout the
times%a(e) E'p(ain your reason$
+$ *hat is the most %ommon protein &ound in the human ody) Name it and
des%rie it$
,$ E'p(ain how %e((s 9sti%!: to one anotherF give one e'amp(e$
5$ =ow do %e((s %ommuni%ate with one another)
2$ *hat are %hoano&(age((ates and why have they een studied y
io(ogists)
A$ *hat are some o& the reasons that 9odies: might have deve(oped in the
&irst p(a%e)
Chapter < . ?a!ing S%ents
#$ 3rie&(y e'p(ain how we per%eive a sme((
+$ Gaw(ess &ish have a very &ew numer o& odor genes whi(e mamma(s have
a mu%h (arger numer$ *hy does this ma!e sense and how is it possi(e)
Chapter @ . Hision
#$ =umans and O(d *or(d mon!eys have simi(ar vision 7 e'p(ain the
simi(arity and reasons &or it$
+$ *hat do eye(ess and Ea' A genes do and where %an they e &ound)
Chapter #4 . Ears
#$ Dist the three parts o& the earF what part o& the ear is unique to mamma(s)
+$ Cn ear(y anatomist proposed the hypothesis that parts o& the ears o&
mamma(s are the same thing as parts o& the 6aws o& repti(es$ E'p(ain any
&ossi( eviden%e that supports this idea$
,$ *hat is the &un%tion o& the Ea' + gene)
Chapter ## . The ?eaning o& It C((
#$ *hat is Shuin>s io(ogi%a( 9(aw o& everything: and why is it so important)
+$ *hat is the author trying to show with his 93oIo: e'amp(e)
,$ This %hapter in%(udes many e'amp(es o& disease that show how humans
are produ%ts o& a (engthy and %onvo(uted evo(utionary history$ Choose one
o& the pro(ems (isted e(ow and rie&(y e'p(ain how an%ient an%estors>
traits sti(( 9haunt: usJ
K Oesity
K =eart disease
K =emorrhoids
K S(eep apnea
K =i%%ups
K =ernias
K ?ito%hondria( diseases
C&terword (new &indings reJ Ti!taa(i!"
#$ Ti!taa(i! was a &ish that (a%!ed an oper%u(um 7 what does this te(( us
aout the anima()
+$ Ti!taa(i! had a true ne%! 7 what did this a((ow the anima( to do
(advantages)"
,$ =ow was Ti!taa(i! a(e to survive in the %o(d Crti% environment)