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FEATURES OF ACADEMIC WRITING Structure Idea develop e!t A!al#t$cal approac% E'pl$c$t!e(( *a!+ua+e a!d (t#le U(e o- (ource( .ARAGRA./ING

A para+rap% $( a co 0$!at$o! o- (e!te!ce( t%at ce!tre o! a ($!+le $dea or top$c. All para+rap%( co!ta$! a top$c (e!te!ce a!d (upport$!+ (e!te!ce(. So e para+rap%( al(o %ave a co!clud$!+ (e!te!ce. T%e top$c (e!te!ce co!ta$!( t1o part(2 t%e topic3 1%$c% $!troduce( t%e (u04ect 5 a$! po$!t o- t%e para+rap%3 a!d t%e controlling idea3 1%$c% l$ $t( t%e top$c to a (pec$-$c area o- d$(cu(($o! 1$t%$! t%at para+rap%. Paragraph Analysis Study the elements of the paragraph below. Should home ownership be encouraged6 T%e rate o- %o e o1!er(%$p var$e( 1$del# acro(( t%e developed 1orld. Ger a!#3 -or $!(ta!ce3 %a( o!e o- t%e lo1e(t rate(3 at && per ce!t3 1%$le $! Spa$! $t $( t1$ce a( %$+%3 7) per ce!t. 8ot% t%e USA a!d 8r$ta$! %ave ($ $lar rate( o- a0out ,9 per ce!t. T%e rea(o!( -or t%$( var$at$o! appear to 0e ore cultural a!d %$(tor$c t%a! eco!o $c3 ($!ce %$+% rate( are -ou!d $! 0ot% r$c% a!d poorer cou!tr$e(. T%ere appear( to 0e !o co!clu($ve l$!: 0et1ee! !at$o!al pro(per$t# a!d t%e !u 0er o- %o e o1!er(. Function Topic sentence Example 1 Example 2 eason Summary!"onclusio n Sentence T%e rate o- %o e o1!er(%$p var$e( 1$del# acro(( t%e developed 1orld. Ger a!#3 -or $!(ta!ce3 %a( o!e o- t%e lo1e(t rate(3 at && per ce!t3 1%$le $! Spa$! $t $( t1$ce a( %$+%3 7) per ce!t. 8ot% t%e USA a!d 8r$ta$! %ave ($ $lar rate( o- a0out ,9 per ce!t. T%e rea(o!( -or t%$( var$at$o! appear to 0e ore cultural a!d %$(tor$c t%a! eco!o $c3 ($!ce %$+% rate( are -ou!d $! 0ot% r$c% a!d poorer cou!tr$e(. T%ere appear( to 0e !o co!clu($ve l$!: 0et1ee! !at$o!al pro(per$t# a!d t%e !u 0er o- %o e o1!er(.

Study the two parts of the topic sentence. Topic T%e rate o- %o e o1!er(%$p III. .RACTICE "ontrolling idea var$e( 1$del# acro(( t%e developed 1orld.

ead the next paragraph from the same essay and answer and the #uestions below . De(p$te t%$(3 a!# cou!tr$e( e!coura+e t%e +ro1t% o- %o e o1!er(%$p. Irela!d a!d Spa$!3 -or e'a ple3 allo1 ort+a+e pa#er( to o--(et pa# e!t( a+a$!(t $!co e ta'. It $( 1$del# 0el$eved t%at o1!$!+ #our o1! %o e %a( (oc$al a( 1ell a( eco!o $c 0e!e-$t(. Co pared to re!ter(3 %o e o1!er( are t%ou+%t to 0e ore (ta0le e 0er( o- t%e co u!$t# 1%o co!tr$0ute ore to local a--a$r(. I! add$t$o!3 !e$+%0our%ood( o- o1!er occup$er( are co!($dered to %ave le(( cr$ e a!d 0etter (c%ool(. 8ut a0ove all3 o1!er(%$p e!coura+e( (av$!+ a!d allo1( -a $l$e( to 0u$ld 1ealt%. Function Sentence De(p$te t%$(3 a!# cou!tr$e( e!coura+e t%e +ro1t% o- %o e o1!er(%$p. Irela!d a!d Spa$!3 -or e'a ple3 allo1 ort+a+e pa#er( to o--(et pa# e!t( a+a$!(t $!co e ta'. It $( 1$del# 0el$eved t%at o1!$!+ #our o1! %o e %a( (oc$al a( 1ell a( eco!o $c 0e!e-$t(. Co pared to re!ter(3 %o e o1!er( are t%ou+%t to 0e ore (ta0le e 0er( o- t%e co u!$t# 1%o co!tr$0ute ore to local a--a$r(. I! add$t$o!3 !e$+%0our%ood( o- o1!er occup$er( are co!($dered to %ave le(( cr$ e a!d 0etter (c%ool(. 8ut a0ove all3 o1!er(%$p e!coura+e( (av$!+ a!d allo1( -a $l$e( to 0u$ld 1ealt%.

Ta(: 1 Analyse the paragraph and complete the table abo$e with the corresponding function of each sentence. "hoose from the list below. Support$!+ po$!t 1 ;Ar+u e!t 1) E'a ple Support$!+ po$!t 2 ;Ar+u e!t 2) Top$c (e!te!ce Rea(o! Support$!+ po$!t " ;Ar+u e!t ") Ta(: 2 %dentify the topic and the controlling idea of the topic sentence in the abo$e paragraph. Ta(: " &nderline the words and phrases used to lin' the sentences together. Ta(: & (hich phrase is used to lin' this paragraph to the one before) WRITING .RACTICE Ta(: 1 (rite two topic sentences for each of the following topics* Mo0$le p%o!e( Advert$($!+ Stud#$!+ $! t%e U< =ou!+ e!trepre!eur( $! > cou!tr# Ta(: 2 "hoose one of the topics and write a complete paragraph. /OMEWOR< Ta(: 1 &se the notes below to complete a paragraph of an essay with the title* +,igh rates of home ownership are bad for the economy - .iscuss/. ? It $( cla$ ed t%at $!crea(e( $! rate o- %o e o1!er(%$p lead to u!e plo# e!t ? /o e o1!er(%$p appear( to a:e people ore relucta!t to ove to -$!d 1or: ? e.+. Spa$! ;%$+% o1!er(%$p @ %$+% u!e plo# e!t) v(. S1$tAerla!d ;lo1 o1!er(%$p @ lo1 u!e plo# e!t) ? T%eor# (t$ll co!trover($al B ot%er -actor( %ave 0ee! propo(ed e.+. l$Cu$d$t# o- %ou($!+ ar:et( ;%o1 ea(# to (ell %ou(e() Su++e(ted top$c (e!te!ce2 %t has been argued that rises in the rate of home ownership can increase the rate of unemployment. Ta(: 2 &se the notes below to write the next paragraph of the essay0 including a phrase lin'ing it to the pre$ious paragraph. ? Rece(($o! o- 2DD7?9 +ave (upport to t%eor# $! US (tate( ;e.+. Cal$-or!$a3 M$c%$+a! a!d Flor$da). ? T%e# %ad a4or %ou($!+ 0oo $! 199D(. ? A-ter rece(($o! rate o- %ou(e ov$!+ -ell (%arpl#. ? O!e -actor 1a( !u 0er o- %ou(e( $! !e+at$ve eCu$t#. ? /av$!+ !e+at$ve eCu$t# ea!( (ell$!+ %ou(e at lo((. ? /$+% rate( o- o1!er(%$p a# deepe! rece(($o! $- la0our $( ore (tat$c.
Sources 8a$le#3 S. ;2D11) Academic (riting for %nternational Students of 1usiness. Ne1 =or:2 Routled+e. O(%$ a3 A. E /o+ue3 A. ;2DD,) (riting Academic English. Ne1 =or:2 .ear(o! Educat$o! I!c.

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