Prelude

Apart from occupying a definite territory, Maharashtra has a glorious history that can be
t
r independence vas achiered in ter, Maharashtra had a
Maharashtra in Ancient times
In ancient times, the region to the north of armada rirer vas called
A roc! edict from the fourth century has been found in rillage "ran in Madhya #radesh near
$arbon%tr dating of the ob&ects found at the e'caration sites near ashi!, (orre, erasa,
arly a hundred thousand years agot
)lovly, these settlements grevt *utsiders, especially from the north came to Maharashtra as
ers settled in peaceful coe'istencet
In the historical period the folloving vere the ma&or povers in Maharashtra+
)hree )at!arni and ,autam-s son )at!arni from the )atrahan dynasty,
.indhyasha!ti and #rararsen II of /a!ata!a dynasty,
)atyashree #ula!eshi and .i!ramaditya of $halu!ya dynasty,
Manan!a, 0antidurga, #ratham 1rishna, 0hrurara& of 2ashtra!ut dynasty,
Anantader and Aparaditya of 1adamba dynasty of ,omanta!,
0hrudharrat, 3hillam and 2amdera2aya of 4adara dynastyt
5hese !ings contributed greatly to the history of Maharashtrat 5his, in brief, is the ancient
Maharashtra in medieral times
5he medieral history of Maharashtra begins vith 1ing 2amder2aya 4adara of the 4adara
the
a, his son )han!arder and son%in%lav 6arpalder 4adara came to
After 1hil&i the 5ughla7 dynasty came to pover in 0elhit 5heir attitude tovards Maharashtra
communicationt 5here vere rebellions in 0elhit 5he
*n 8rd August t8r asiruddin )hah passed on the mantle to Allauddin 6asan or Allauddin

si'teenth century the 3ahamani rule bro!e into fire centres of
5he contribution of )aints
(ustice Mt,t 2anade in his boo!
htra they prepared the ground, in vhich )hira&i
5he 3ha!ti cult originated in the thirteenth centuryt It gare prime importance to
5he 3hosale 9amily
After the disintegration of 3ahamani !ingdom, the fire povers of 0eccan ruled, relying
history of the 3hosale family since

)ambha&i in battlet After vor!ing vith the i&amshah, Adilshah, and the Mughals,
m vas reali:ed by his son
$hhatrapati ra&+ the 9ounder of an Independent )tate
)hira&i vas born on the )hirneri fort, near (unnar, on teth 9ebruary t;8<t Adilshah had giren
#ratipa!shanchadrare!her rardhishnurrishvarandita =
>"rer increasing li!e the nev moon and saluted by the vorld,
this seal of )hira&i, )haha&i-s son, stands for the velfare of all?
5he instability in Adilshahi court vas used by )hira&i ey from $handrarao More,
)hira&i and the Moghuls
An important instance in the )hira&i of
In order to arenge the loot of )urat, Auranga:eb sent Mir:a2a&a (aisingh ,a capable generalt
Another important milestone in the history of Maharashtra too! place on ;th (une t;r+ the
$hhatrapati )ambha&i
)ambha&i, the elder son of )hira&i randart After the
$hhatrapati
2a&aram on of )hira&i
l, laid a siege on the fort vhen 2a&aram
arnata!at )oon after 2a&aram
"ra of the #eshva
3ala&i .ishvanath conrinced 1anho&i Angre ,the $hief of Maratha ary, to &oin hands vith
Another important achierement of 3ala&i .ishvanath vas the creation of Maratha
6is eldest son 3a&irao succeeded himt 6e vas trained vell by his fathert 3a&irao nerer lost a
ortht )hanivarvada, the seat of
6is eldest son 3ala&i 3a&irao alias anasaheb, as an heir, became the nev #eshvat 5his
he completely demolished the !ingdom painsta!ingly built
6is second son Madharrao came to povert 6e had a rery short tenure betveen t;t to t@,

arayanrao, the younger brother of Madharrao ascended the thronet /ith him the pover
through a conspiracy and tried to become a
2aghunathrao-s son 3a&irao II became the him none of the
erialist society vith the arms and mindset of a
)truggle for Independence
5he "ast India $ompany
5he "ast India $ompany, vhich came into being on 8tst 0ecember t;<<, progressed gradually
o ,oa,
ish rapidly spread their pover in Maharashtra
In tAB< municipal corporations vere created so as to facilitate people-s participation in the
rth August tA;@t 3y banning the ovning of arms by Indians, the
ev systems of rerenue collection li!e the
vere burnt and destroyedt 5his gare rise to general dissent among the populacet
In tAtA the 3hils of 1handesh rerolted against the 3ritish pover under the leadership of
t
gabad, (ama!hindi, argund, )olapur and Mudhol participated
3etveen tAr%A people rerolted against oppressire regimes of local moneylenders in many
nstitutionst 5he 3ombay Association, that laid the foundations
5he ne't milestone vas the establishment of
$ongress too! place on @Ath 0ecember, tAAB
"ra of 5ila!
Cater nya ly an Indian ational leader because of the sacrifices he
derelopmentt 5ila!
"ra of Mahatma ,andhi
After the death of of All India 5rade Dnion chaired by
e yeart In te@t rarious !ingdoms and principalities in Maharashtra founded
)ahitya )amrat ius? t $t 1el!ar formed a party
to deatht Dnder the ciril disobedience
5he Indian ational $ongress-s first rillage session too! place in 9ai:pur in Maharashtrat
l consumption, release of political prisoners etct Around the same time the
IndependenceE
*n tBth August ter India vas freed and the Dnion (ac! fluttering on )hanivarvada came
he
Dnited Maharashtra Morement
Dnited Maharashtra came into being on tst May te;<t 5he )tate of Maharashtra vas created
nd si'
#relude +
5he history of Dnified Maharashtra morement can be stretched bac! to te@<st Co!manya
art
ession of the Indian ational $ongress, 0rt #attabhi )eetaramayya
In the Marathi Citerary Meet held in Mumbai under the chairmanship of
independent )tatet In the te8e
5he Citerary Meet in 3elgaum
In the 3elgaum Citerary Meet on t8th May, ter;, vriter Mad!hol!ar first made a demand for
0ar $ommission and (.# $ommittee
As the freedom to India became imminent, a commission under the chairmanship of (ustice
of
In terA 5he $ouncil for Dnification of Maharashtra held its session in Mumbait Annabhau
t orer Mumbait *n 0ecember terA
n of the Indian ational $ongresst "ren
After the report of this committee became public, 2amrao 0eshmu!h gare up the demand for
hile the agitation vas on in Maharashtra, the demand for separate Andhra )tate also
te of Andhra came into beingt
#ublic contribution to the morement
5he 3ill for creation of three such )tates vas going to be discussed in the Cegislatire Assemblyt
3ilingual )tate formed
*n t;th (anuary teB; #tt ehru declared that Mumbai vould remain under the central
ssembly also endorsed this rievt In the parliament 9ero:e ,andhi also
In August teB;, a suggestion vas made in Co! )abha, the lover house of the parliament, that a
nistert Mumbai became the capital of this nev )tatet
Dnited Maharashtra finally established
In order to oppose Indian ational $ongress on this issue, a nev political party,
Indira ,andhi accepted that Mumbai
Cist of t<; martyrs of )anyu!ta Maharashtra Morement
)eetaram 3ana&i #avar ,orind 3aburao (ogal
(oseph 0arid #e&ar!ar #andurang 0hondu 0hadare
$himanrao 0t )heth ,opal $hima&i 1orde
3has!ar arayan 1amte!ar #andurang 3aba&i (adhar
2amchandra )evaram 3abu 6ari 0ate
)han!ar 1hote Anup Mahareer
0harma&i ,angaram agve!ar .inaya! #anchal
2amchandra Ca!shman (adhar )eetaram ,anpat Mhade
1t(t Farier )ubhash 3hira 3or!ar
#t)t (ohn ,anpat 2ama ana!ar
)harad ,t /ani )eetaram ,ayadin
3edisingh ,ora!hnath 2ao&i (agtap
2amachandra 3hatiya Muhammad Ali
,angaram ,una&i 5ulshiram #un&a&i 3elsare
,a&anan alias 3andu ,o!hale 0era&i )a!haram #atil
irritti .ithoba More )hamlal (ethanand
Atmaram #urushottam #anval!ar )adashir Mahader 3hosale
3alanna Muttanna 1amathi 3hi!a&i #andurang 2angate
0hondu Ca!shman #ardule .asuder )urya&i Man&are!ar
3hau )a!haram 1adam 3hi!a&i 3abu 3avas!ar
4sharant 3aba&i 3hagat )a!haram )hripat 0hamale
arendra arayan #radhan 2atnu ,odirare
)han!ar ,opal 1ushte )ayyad 1asam
0attaram 1rushna )avant 3hi!a&i 0a&i
3aban 3apu 3hargude Anant ,olat!ar
.ishnu )a!haram 3ane 1isan .ir!ar
)eetaram 0hondu 2adye )u!halal 2amlal .ans!ar
5u!aram 0hondu )hinde #andurang .ishnu .al!e
.itthal ,angaram More #hulri Magaru
2ama Ca!han .inda ,ulab 1rushna 1harale
"dvin Ambrose )alavi 3aburao 0erdas #atil
3abu Mahadu )avant Ca!shman arhari )onar
.asant 0var!anath 1anyal!ar 5hamabai .itthal )uryabhan
.itthal 0aulat )alun!e ,anapat 2ama 3hute
2amnath #andurang Amrute Munshi .a:ir Ali
#arshuram Amba&i 0esai 0aulatram Mathuradas
,hanashyam 3abu 1olar .itthal arayan $haram
0hondu 2am!rushna )utar 0er&i )hiran 2athore
Munim&i 3alder #ande 2ara&ibhai 0osabhai #atel
Maruti .ithoba Mhas!e 6ormus&i 1arset&i
3hau 1ondiba 3has!ar ,irdhar 6emachandra Cohar
0hondo 2agho #u&ari )attu 1handu .ai!ar
Ddaysingh 0ar&esingh ,anpat )hridhar (oshi >asi!?
)han!ar .ithoba 2ane Madhar 2a&aram 5ure >asi!?
#andu Mahadu Avari!ar Maruti 3ennal!ar >3elgaum?
.i&ay!umar )adashir 3hade!ar Madhu!ar 3apu 3ande!ar >3elgaum?
1rushna&i ,anu )hinde Ca!shman ,orind ,arade >3elgaum?
2amchandra .itthal $hovghule Mahader 3arigadi >3elgaum?
0hondu 3hagu (adhar 1amalabai Mohite >ipani?
2aghunath )a!haram 3ingude )eetaram 0ula&i ,hadigaon!ar >Mumbai?
1ashinath ,orind 3indur!ar 1arpayya 1irmal 0erendra
$hularam Mambara& 3almohan
Ananta ,angaram .ishnu ,urar
Modern Maharashtra
4ashvantrao $haran became the first $hief Minister of Maharashtrat 6is tenure lasted from
ation,
hment of a council for the derelopment of Marathi
Marotrao 1annamvar became the chief minister of Maharashtra for the period t<th
e
.asantrao ai! folloved him as a $hief Minister of Maharashtra and occupied the post from
+
)han!arrao $haran became the $hief Minister of Maharashtra for the period of @tst 9ebruary
tion
.asantdada #atil vho folloved $haran as a $hief Minister of Maharashtra , became the $hief
test
)harad #avar, vho folloved #atil as a $hief Minister also became the $hief Minister of
fectire changes in the
the earth 7ua!et
5here vas a president-s rule in Maharashtra from tth 9ebruary teA< to Ath (une teA<t
3arrister At2t Antule became the $hief Minister of Maharashtra on eth (une teA<t 6e vas a
ions
9rom @tst (anuary teA@ to tst 9ebruary teA8 3abasaheb 3hosale vas the $hief Minister of
rerage
the Aurangabad bench of 6igh $ourtt
After him .asantdada #atil became the $hief Minister and then )hira&irao ilange!ar became
arate enrironment protection
)han!arrao $haran then became the $hief Minister, folloved by )harad #avar and then
out the
Manohar (oshi of the 3haratiya (anata #arty >3(#? and )hirsena combine became the $hief
arayan 2ane became the $hief Minister after Manohar (oshi >tst 9ebruary teee to tth
ers, cancelling of octroi and connecting all the districts through internett
5he $ongress and 2ashtraradi $ongress united front came to pover and .ilasrao 0eshmu!h
)ushil 1umar )hinde became the $hief Minister for the period starting from tAth (anuary @<<8
.ilasrao 0eshmu!h vas re%elected as a $hief Minister of Maharashtra ontst orember @<<rt
Around this time a nev party, the
or
ent in the $entral 2ailvays, these are some of the issues ta!en up by Maharashtra
Climate
Maharashtra e'periences a tropical monsoon type of climatet 5he climate raries seasonally as
eas
5he most important factor vhich influences the climate is the tovering presence of the
ne eastern region of the )tate vhich is farthest from the coast
Thus, rainfall in the State is influenced by the rain shadow phenomenon, caused in
)oil
5he soils of Maharashtra are residual, derired from the underlying basaltst 5he land in the
oil,
5he 1on!an coast has sandy loam soilt 9arther avay tovards the east in .idharbha region,

2irers
5he conglomeration of all the feeder tributaries, rirulets and large rirers in the )tate
5he )ahyadri mountain range has dirided the rirers in the )tate into eastern and vestern
act as
5he main rirers in the )tate are ,odarari, 3hima, 1rishna, #ainganga, /ardha, armada,
Name of the Source (Location, Goes through
,odarari 5ryamba!eshvar>ashi!? ashi!, agar,
bhani, anded
3hima 3himashan!ar >#une? #une, )olapur
1rishna Mahabaleshvar >)atara? )atara, )angli,
5api Multai in the )atpura

Amrarati, A!ola,

Dams
Many of these rirers hare been dammedt An earthen dam has been built on the ,odarari at
he
ra damst
0ams hare also been built on the tributaries of these rirerst
9orests
5he total forest area in Maharashtra is appro'imately ;t,e8e s7 !m, ma!ing up nearly @tG of
hare at least 88G of the )tate-s area under forestst
9orest area of some dirisions >as per administratire dirisions?
Diision !rea (s"
agpur @,BBe
Aurangabad @,et8
ashi! tt,A@t
Amrarati e,@@
#une ;,@8
agpur dirision has the largest forest area vhereas Aurangabad has the smallestt
Among districts, ,adchiroli, vith t8<<< s7 !m under forest, has the largest forest area in the
#orest produce
d, fuel vood, bamboo, betel leaf, sealing va', essential e'tracts and oils,
st produce in the )tatet
#orest based occupations
urniture % plyvood,
National Par$s in %aharashtra
tt 5adoba ational #ar! H $handrapur
@t aregaon ational #ar!% ,ondia
8t 3orirali ational #ar! >)an&ay ,andhi ational #ar!? % Mumbai )uburb, 5hane
rt #ench ational #ar! H agpur
Bt ,ugamal >Melghat? ational #ar! %Amrarati
Sanctuaries
2adhanagari H 0a&ipur )anctuary >for 1olhapur
$handoli )anctuary )angli
)agareshvar )anctuary )angli
1oyna )anctuary )atara
Malni 3ird )anctuary >Indira ,andhi 3ird )atara
3himashan!ar )anctuary #une, 5hane
5ansa )anctuary 5hane district
1arnala 3ird )anctuary >the )tate-s first 2aigad
andur Madhmeshvar )anctuary ashi!
0eulgaon H 2ehe!uri 3lac!buc! )anctuary Ahmednagar
,reat Indian 3ustard )anctuary )olapur
,autala H Autram Aurangabad, (algaon
#al% 4aval )anctuary (algaon
1invat )anctuary anded, 4aratmal
Melghat )anctuary
5iger reserre?
Amrarati
3or )anctuary /ardha
ag:ira )anctuary ,ondia
*ther than these the )tate has sereral ocean par!st
5he )tate has appro'imately AB species of mammals, r;< species of birds, and sereral species
e
Mineral /ealth
Name #ound in !dditional &nformation
Manganese agpur, 3handara, )indhudurg r<G of India-s manganese is found in
n manganese productiont
3au'ite 1olhapur, )atara, )angli, 5hane, @<G of India-s bau'ite is found in
< million tons of bau'itet
1ainite 3handara 5he )tate has tBG of India-s 1ainite
$hromite 3handara, )indhudurg, agpur 5he )tate has B crore tons of the
hromite stoc!t
0olomite 2atnagiri, 4aratmal 5he )tate has eG of India-s dolomite
Cimestone 4aratmal, $handrapur,

5he )tate has eG of India-s limestone
$oal agpur, $handrapur rG of India-s coal stoc! is found in
< million tons of coalt
Iron ore $handrapur, ,adchiroli, ,ondia, 5he )tate has @G of India-s Iron ore
,ranite ,ondia, $handrapur, ,adchiroli,
$opper agpur, 4aratmal
Mica )indhudurg
5ungsten agpur
3asalt roc! )outh 1on!an and almost entire
astern part
Mineral oil
gas
Mumbai 6igh in the sea off the
Maharashtra contributes to 8t8G of India-s mineral productiont 5he eastern and southern
of industries based on mineral vealth in these placest
5he Maharashtra )tate Mining $orporation >M)M$? vas founded in agpur in te8 vith the
5ourism
'ill Stations
Place District
Amboli )indhudurg
3handardara Ahmednagar
$hi!haldara Amrarati
(avhar 5hane
Conarla and 1handala #une
Mahabaleshvar and #achgani )atara
Matheran 2aigad
Mhaismal Aurangabad
arnala A!ola
#anhala 1olhapur
5oranmal andurbar
(aterfalls)
2atnagiri district and 5hoseghar in )atara district are tvo among innumerable
'oly Places)
Name District
Ambe&ogai 3eed
Aundh #une
Aundha agnath #arbhani
0ehu and Alandi #une
,hruneshvar Aurangabad
,urudvara anded
(e&uri #une
(yotiba of #anhala 1olhapur
Mahala!shmi and 6a&i Ali Mumbai
#andharpur )olapur
#aithan Aurangabad
#arli%.ai&anath 3eed
)hegaon 3uldhana
)hirdi Ahmednagar
)hri Mahala!shmi 1olhapur
5ryamba!eshvar ashi!
5ul&apur *smanabad
.ani ashi!
!shtainaya$ spicious Lord Ganesh*)
Name of +illage Name of &dol District
5heur $hintamani #une
2an&angaon )hri ,anpati #une
Morgaon Moreshvar #une
*:ar )hri .igneshvar #une
Cenyadri ,iri&atma! #une
Mahad )hri .inaya! 2aigad
#ali 3allaleshvar 2aigad
)iddhate! )iddhirinaya! Ahmednagar

#orts)
District Name of Some of the #orts in the district
2aigad 2aigad, 1arnala, Cingana, 0ronagiri, )udhagarh, Arachitgarh,
a, Murud%(an&ira
#une )inhagarh, #urandar, )hirneri, 2aigad, 5orna, Cohagarh
)atara #ratapgarh, )a&&angarh, 1amalgarh, Ma!arandgarh, .asantgarh,
1olhapur #anhala, .ishalgarh, ,agangarh, 3hudargarh
5hane bhui!ot t .asai, Arnala >)ea fort?, ,ora!hgarh
)indhudurg )indhudurg and .i&aydurg >)ea forts?, 0ergarh
2atnagiri )urarnadurg >)ea fort?, 2atnagarh, (aigad, #rachitgarh
Ahmednagar 6arishchandragarh, 2atangarh,
Aurangabad 0ergiri >0aulatabad?
ashi! 3rahmagiri, )alher% Mulher

Caes
A&anta
"llora
3ha&a
1arla
,harapuri in 2aigad district
1harosa in Catur district
#ital!hora in Aurangabad districtt
&ntroduction
Maharashtra is a highly industriali:ed statet In fact, Mumbai, it-s )tate capital, is also
erelopment corporations as vell as financial institutions and the industrial cities of
Types of &ndustries in %aharashtra)
Agro based Industries 5e'tiles, )ugar, *il mills, 5obacco processing, ,ram mills,
Mineral vealth based Iron and )teel, $ement, Mineral oil curing, engineering
9orest produce based Cog mills, #aper mills, Match bo', #harmaceuticals, 5oys,
Animal products based Ceather goods, voollen clothes, sil!, te'tiles, mil! products
Along vith these, construction, tourism, serrice sector, rehicles, publishing, printing,
Corporations
9or the derelopment in rarious sectors, sereral local and )tate lerel derelopment corporations
Name of !ssociation (Date of
Primary ob,ectie
Maharashtra Industrial
>tst August,
5o establish and derelop industries in undereloped
to
Maharashtra )tate Industrial
tst March,
0ecentralisation of industries, credit, technical supportt
Maharashtra )tate 9inancial
?
5o proride term loan assistance to small and medium
d, building, plant and machineryt
Maharashtra )mall )cale
orporation
)upply rav material to small scale industries, assist in
age handicraft
Maharashtra )tate "lectronics 5o hare balanced derelopment of electronics in the

Maharashtra )tate 1hadi and
;@?
tt; industries are supported by this 3oardt 5o
tries,
Maharashtra 5ourism
ion% established in
5o ensure comprehensire derelopment of tourism
*ther than these, folloving four :onal corporations hare been established to further the
s vell as enhance employment
1on!an 0erelopment $orporation
/estern Maharashtra 0erelopment $orporation
Marathvada 0erelopment $orporation
.idharbha 0erelopment $orporation
%aharashtra &ndustrial Deelopment Corporation (%&DC*)
Maharashtra Industrial 0erelopment $orporation >MI0$? vas established on tst August, te;@,

estments and employment opportunities are giren
+arious %&DCs in the State
-egion &ndustrial
e*
&ndustrial
l*
&ndustrial !reas &ndustrial
l*
3ruhanMumbai t < < t
1on!an >e'cluding @r B 8I 8@
ashi! t< e ttI 8<
#une @e tA te ;;
Aurangabad t; @< t@I rA
Amararati 8@ AI r
agpur tt @B t<I r;
5otal eA t<e ;8 @<
. /ach one of these Centres is being deeloped by the central goernment0
-egion &ndustrial
rs*
&ndustrial
ment (in
&ndustrial
yment
,reater Mumbai 8<B t,8<< t,8B,<<<
1on!an
ing
t<,<rB tt,Att @,88,@<
ashi! B,;t; @,t8 re,tB;
#une A,rt8 t@,<Ae @,;A,B8@
Aurangabad r,@tr t,@B B<,;88
Amararati t,8@A rB@ t,B8@
agpur @,@Br ,A8< ;;,;<<
5otal 8@,tA 8,<@B A,@<,@8
(-eference 1 The /conomic Surey 2f %aharashtra 3445647*
-egion &ndustrial Plots &ndustrial Plots
,reater Mumbai 8B 8re
1on!an >e'cluding ,reater t,<<< tB,tAe
ashi! A,@ ,e;@
#une tB,<; t8,r8<
Aurangabad e,rt< A,8B;
Amararati r,r;@ 8,t8e
agpur B,;;< r,<
5otal ;<,@A B8,teB
-eference 1 The /conomic Surey 2f %aharashtra 3445647*
Sectoral growth rates of Gross State Domestic Product
Sr0
Sector
8 Change oer
344964: 344:645.
tt Agriculture and allied actirities et< BtA
@t Mining and 7uarrying <tt rte
8t Manufacturing t@tt etA
rt "lectricity, gas and vater supply 8tB t<
Bt $onstruction @tt< trtt
;t 5rade, 6otels, 5ransport, )torage, and $ommunications tttB tttt
t 9inance, insurance, real estate, and serrices sector t AtA
A $ommunity and personal serrices 8t< rt
et ,ross 0omestic #roduct grovth of the )tate et et<
t<t Industries >@J8JrJB abore? t@t; t<t8
ttt )errices >;JJA abore? AtB ett
t@t on%agriculture >@ to A abore? etA etB
. pro'imate estimatet 2eference H 5he "conomic )urrey *f Maharashtra @<<%<A?
#actories
tories
Arerage 0aily /ages+ t@,At,<<<
"mployment per population of one la!h H t,@t@
%icro, Small and %edium6scale Pro,ects in %aharashtra
-egion
%icro, Small and
ects
%icro, Small and %edium6
1on!an @;,@rB @,;;,eB<
ashi! @t,r< t,rA,r;
#une e,@e; r,@<,8A@
Aurangabad t<,AtB e@,BB@
Amararati ;,ABA rt,rB;
agpur tr,Ar< t,t;,<@B
Maharashtra >5otal? t,Be,B;t t<,A;,ttt
Large6scale Pro,ects in %aharashtra
-egion
Large6scale pro,ects Large6scale pro,ects
1on!an t,8tt t,r@,r
ashi! 8B8 <,;er
#une @,@@ r,<8,;@8
Aurangabad @@B rA,eA
Amararati ;@ 8,<<8
agpur @@A 8,Ae8
Maharashtra >5otal? r,r<; A,t@,AB
Micro, )mall and medium%scale pro&ects in Maharashtra >recogni:ed till date as a small%scale?
tt Manufacturers
@t )errice%#roriders
/;ports from %aharashtra
from the )tate are softvare, gems and ornaments, te'tiles, ready%
/;ports from %aharashtra and &ndia
<ear
%aharashtra &ndia
n Cr*
%aharashtra=s contribution to
@<<t%<@ 8,A;B @,rr,@rB 8<t@r
@<<@%<8 ee,A 8,<<,@e< 88t@8
@<<8%<r AB,et; 8,re,;t @rtB
@<<r%<B t,e8,A8@ r,8r,ee rrtB;
@<<B%<; t,t8,<< r,Br,A<< @Bt<<
@<<;%<I t,<r,<<@ r,t;,<tt @Bt<<
I 5ill 0ecember @<<;
#inancial &nestment
nts are being made in Maharashtra, to support the )tate gorernment-s
G?, information technology and rubber >rG
Salient features of #D& in %aharashtra
from August teet to March @<<A?
Pro,ects approed
umber r,<rt
Inrestment >2st in $rore? B,<e8
Pro,ects commissioned
umber t,;Be
Inrestment >2st in $rore? 8e,@et
%ost faoured Sectors (8 share in #D&*
)errices tG
I5 Industry @<G
Infrastructure G
Automobiles BG
(-eference 1 The /conomic Surey 2f %aharashtra 3445647*
Special /conomic >one (S/>*
been adopted in the state from t<th 9ebruary @<<;t 5hese )"Ks
Details of !pproed S/>s in the State
-egion !pproed S/> Proposals
Number !rea
res*
&nestment /mployment
1on!an ;B @e,;<A eB,@e; r@t<B
/estern Maharashtra rB ;,@;r @@,;< ttt;
Marathvada tr 8,Att r,@;B ttB;
.idharbha e r,ee t<,r<e Bt;
Total ?@@ AA,A53 ?,@3,B:: 9?04A
*ut of the t88 approred )"Ks, eA are either prirateL&oint renturest Ma'imum number >B@? of
t )"Kst *f these single product )"Ks, @ are captire pover pro&ectst
2ther &nformation
Sugar &ndustry
orer 2st 8,<<< $r has been made in the )tate-s sugar factoriest 5he annual
&nformation Technology and Ciotechnology
eld toot 5he softvare e'port from I5 par!s in the
ashtra has made softvare e'ports vorth 2st tt,;r@ crore?t
es
%inerals
rarious districts in Maharashtra, mainly 3handara, $handrapur, ,adchiroli,

Pro,ects ta$en by %TDC
<ear
Number of Number of /stimated alue
ees in
/;penses
@<<B%<; A r @,<8t B;
@<<;%< tr ; @,A;e t,@tt
@<<%<A
cember <A?
8 @,@e @A
(/conomic Surey of %aharashtra 3445647*
#ilm &ndustry (Collywood*
as recently ac7uired the status of an Industryt Mumbai is famous as
&ntroduction
#relude
Maharashtra has its ovn uni7ue culture, vhich is reflected in the ralues, norms of behariour,
it is transmitted through oral traditions, imitation and obserrationt
5he ma&ority of the population of Maharashtra lires in the rural area and is primarily
ng, they
s not rery difficult to understand the motire behind such celebrationst
5hese festirals are celebrated vith the aim of haring a brea! from the routine and meeting
ons
ience of medicine, is based on e'tensire study of plants and cropst
5he norms of behariour are also set according to the changing seasonst 5he effect of changing
the
d to the festirals and ritualst
5he social reformers used the opportunity to celebrate some of these festirals publicly, so as to
estirals vere used as a tool to bring about social change by the social reformerst
)aint poets of Maharashtra started a reformation morement in Maharashtra against some of
, ,oroba, $ho!hamela, Mu!tabai, (anabai and
brated is changing orer the years due to the spread of science and
5he cultural atmosphere in Maharashtra is different from some of the other )tates because of
history and the velfare of the human societyt In this fashion, culture is spread far and videt
In the agrarian culture the festirals, celebrations and rituals are connected vith the solar
%onths Season (eather
$haitra%.aisha!h .asant )pring
(yeshtha%Ashadh ,reeshma )ummer

)hraran%3hadrapad .arsha Monsoons
Ashvin%1arti! )harad #ost Monsoons

Margasheersha%#aush 6emant Autumn
Magh%#halgun )hishir /inter
5he methods of measuring the time in Marathi calendar follov the astronomical charts that

5his method of measuring time, named after !ing )halirahan is not vide spread nov but the
i
$haitra
,udhi#adara
,udhipadara, is celebrated as the beginning of ev 4ear on the first day after the nev moon
o is said to attract the rays of the sun to the eartht
5his ev 4ear also mar!s the beginning of the summert *n this day the eem, vhich has
Aryabhisha! , the ancient treatise on medicine, calls eem as a curer of all diseasest ev
much
day of the year reminds people of this useful treet
5he spring begins on the first day of $haitra after the nev moont 5his season re&urenates the
from the vord #ratipadat
)hree 2am arami
2am arami is celebrated on the ninth day >arami? of $haitra after the nev moont 2am vas
ion
.arious religious programmes are carried out for nine days and the culmination of these
rotees of 2am in Maharashtra li!e
5hough many stories from the epic 2amayan seem irrelerant today, they yet hare the pover
)hree 6anuman (ayanti
6anuman (ayanti is celebrated on the full moon day of $haitrat #eople celebrate 6anuman
health and bodybuildingt
Chaitra Gaur
$haitra ,aur is a festiral that celebrates the cycle of seasonst An ancient story of )hir and
oes called
It is beliered that goddess #arrati comes to risit her parents in this montht )he is sent bac!
.aisha!h
!$shay Trutiya
5he third day >5rutiya? after the nev moon in .aisha!h is called A!shay 5rutiyat 5his day is
so launched on this dayt
A!shay means no brea!t Any actirity launched on this day is supposed to continue forerert *f
(yeshtha
+ata ima
5he full moon day of .aisha!h is called as .at
r
e't seren lirest
5his ritual is about the vife-s lore and derotion for her husbandt It is associated vith the
the
fers shade to the passers by and has positire effect on the ecologyt
3anyan tree is found easily in the countryside but the vomen in the urban areas hare difficult
be underta!ent
Ashadh
!shadhi /$adashi
5he month of Ashadh is the time for the famous /ari, val!ing pilgrimage, of Maharashtrat *n
5here are no discriminations amongst the
dharpur chanting the name of .itthal, singing
5he ari ing of 5ulsi beads around their nec!s, ,andha and 3u!!a on the
imes
s and .ari are consumedt
#alan7uins of rarious saints come from rarious places to #andharpurM such as 0nyaneshvar
Guru ima
5he full moon day of Ashadh is celebrated as
,uru shya tradition is still held in great esteem in the field of performing arts, especially
)ome of the famous )aint 2amdas%1alyan )vami, )hree
eter )achin 5endul!ar and his coach 2ama!ant Achare!art A
)hraran
)hraran is considered to be the most important month of the 5he veather
$haturmas our holy monthst )ereral religious rituals are obserred during this period
ny problems during the harrest season, vhich re7uires hard vor!t 5he number
Nag Panchami
5his festiral falls on the fifth day >#anchami? of )hraran after the nev moont It creates
he surroundings are lush greent 5he val! up to the ant hill
)na!e charmers capture cobras and bring them to a place called 3attis )hirala in district
riest
Man has been !illing cobras and other vild animals out of feart 3ut these animals maintain
l
Narali a
5he full moon day of )hraran is a big festiral for the fisherment 5he sea, turbulent during the
eason begins on this day again by offering prayers to the sea and releasing a coconut
tvo important features of
-a$hi ma
5he festiral of 2a!hi l moon day of )hrarant )isters tie
5his festiral vas more popular in the orthern India earlier but
nov it is celebrated all orer Maharashtrat "ren those vho do not hare a brother or sister tie
ationshipt
Go$ul !shtami
5he birth of Cord 1rishna is celebrated on the eighth day >Ashtami? of )hraran after the full
t 0ahi 6andi is celebrated the ne't dayt An earthenvare pot
5he image of 1rishna as a mischierous young stealer of mil! and curds is etched deeply on the
i' it all together and eat itt 5his vas called ,opal >another name for 1rishna?
Pola
*n the nev moon day of )hraran the bulloc!s are giren a rest and fed vith sveetst 5hey are
elp
5he andi that is found in the )hira temples is the sacred bullt In many places in
g agriculture
5his day is remar!able as it shovs gratitude to an animal that helps the farmer in cultirating
3hadrapad
'aritali$a
/omen !eep fast on this day in order to get a life partner of their li!ingt 5hey also pray to
Ganeshotsa
,aneshotsar is one of the most important and videly celebrated festirals of Maharashtrat
of 3hadrapad after the nev moont
5he idols are brought into the houses, vorshipped erery day,
hibiscus flovers,
or ten, seren, fire or one and a half days, and
Co!amanya 5ila! recogni:ed the potential of this festiral and conrerted this festiral into a
brea! dovn the valls diriding people along castes and communitiest
/ith changing times the ,anapati festiral has undergone many changest 5his festiral vas an
youth togethert 5he ,anapati
Gauri
*n the si'th day after nev moon in 3hadrapad the goddess ,auri is inro!ed, on the serenth
)ome households call ,auri as Mahala!shmit 5he ,auri is offered yeshtha ,aurit
!s or huge decorationst
In 1on!an plants of 5erda are placed in a bas!et and mas!s are placed on themt )ome people
ng of si'teen types of regetable dishes is prepared,
Ashvin
Naaratri
5his festiral begins from the first day of Ashvin after the nev moont Apart from Maharashtra
iting people homet 5here are other traditional rituals
+i,aya Dashami or Dasara
0asara falls on the tenth day of Ashvin after nev moont 0asara is one of the three and half
he Apta trees on the day of 0asara, more trees should be plantedt
#eople e'change the leares of Apta trees and sveets, and meet friendst
tory orer 2aran, effigies
t
Do,agiri Paurnima
5he full moon of Ashvin comes tovards the end of the monsoon seasont 5he s!y is clear and
Deepaali
All orer India, including Maharashtra, 0eeparali >or 0ivali? en&oys great religious and
der climate enhances the pleasure of early morning bath vith
+asu Caras
.asu 3aras, the tvelfth day of Ashvin after the full moon is celebrated as .asu 3aras by
ttlet 5he festiral underscores the factt
Dhanatrayodashi
0hanrantari, the founder of Ayurred is supposed to be born on this dayt 5he health science of
Nara$ Chaturdashi
5he fourteenth day of Ashvin after the full moon is an important day of 0ivalit 5here is a
t the
La$shmi Pu,an
5he nev moon night of Ashvin, the time of sunsett 5he
auty, cleanliness and hard vor!t
*n the day of Ca!shmi #u&an, money and gold ornaments are placed in a plate and this
1arti!
Cali Pratipada
3hagvan .aman, the fifth incarnation of .ishnu, impressed by the generous spirit of 1ing
Chau Cee,
*n the second day after nev moon of 1arti! ,od 4ama vent to his sister 4ami and she
is risit, eren today sisters velcome their brothers and brothers offer gifts to sisterst
5he festirals in India celebrate the changes in nature but they also aim at bringing people
milyt 9estirals li!e 0ivali reinforce the tradition of nurturing bonds of relationshipt
/ith the end of rainy season renoration and decorating of houses is underta!en around this
rdt A
Darti$i /$adashi
5he elerenth day of 1arti! after nev moon is also called #rabodhini "!adashit
shan of .ithobat 5he satisfaction they get cannot be put in vordst
Tulshiche Lagna or Tulsi +iah
5ulsi .irah or the vedding of 5ulsi is celebrated from 1arti! "!adashi to the full moon of
y of
5his is the beginning of vintert In many places the tradition of 1arti! )nan is folloved, vhere
5he month of 1arti! mar!s the end of
Tripurari
5ripurari $haturmast 5emples and houses are decorated vith
, dear to .ishnu and 3el farourite of )han!ar is offered to themt
It is beliered that )han!ar !illed the demon 5ripurasur on this day by burning him aliret 5he
are lorely decorations of lampst 5ripurari
Margasheersha
In this month the constellation of Mruga can be seen on the eastern hori:on and setting on the
led Margasheershat
Chagad Geeta Eayanti
5he elerenth day of Margasheersha after the nev moon is the day vhen ,eeta (ayanti is
n the
mmentary on ,eeta,
Shree Datta Eayanti
*f the tventy four incarnations of .ishnu, )hree 0utta is onet )hree 0utta is a son of sage Atri
s also accompanied by a cov and dogst #eople read the boo!
Audumbar is a place near Mira& and )angli, B !mt from 3hilavadi railvay stationt 5he temple
)hree 1shetra ,angapur, another temple of 0utta is situated at the confluence of rirers
ur railvay routet
0erotees of )hree 0utta risit both these placest 5he number of )hree 0utta derotees in
mallt 0utta (ayanti is celebrated in Audumbar and 1aran&at
#aush
5he #ushya constellation rises to the east and sets to the vest in this month, the moon is near
ns and ritualistic celebrationst
%a$ar San$rant
Ma!ar )an!rant falls on the day vhen the sun enters the sign of $apricornt 5he days start
)esame seeds > mportance in this seasont $onsuming it generates heat in
ny
Married vomen arrange get%togethers vith other married vomen and offer them giftst )ome
nd coins are offered
Ma!ar )an!rant falls on the trth (anuary of the ,regorian calendar, but this date is li!ely to
this festiralt
Magh
%ahashiratra
5he fourteenth day after the full moon of Magh is called Mahashirratrat >5he fourteenth day
5here are tvelre hree )hail, Maha!aleshvar, *m!ar
rations ta!e place in the fire
9algun
'oli ima
5he full moon day of 9algun is the 6oli festiralt 5his festiral mar!s the end of vinter and the
5raditionally, natural colours vere used during 2ang #anchamit 5his changed vith the
vith the
2eferences
tt )ant #arampara ani )ans!ruti! #rabodhan %0rt .t2t 1arandi!ar, )hir%#arrati
@t Aapli )ans!ruti H )hree Maulisut #ra!asha 2amdasi @<<@, 1othrud, #une
8t Aaple )an, Aaple Dtsar 0t1t )oman $oncept 3oo!s, #une @<<
rt Aaple )an, Aapli )ans!ruti )hree!ant $hovghule, Arish!ar #ra!ashan, #une, tvelfth
Bt 1rushi )ans!rutichya #aul!huna 0t5t 3hosale, #admagandha #ra!ashan, #une
;t )hodh Marathipanacha edt Aruna 0here, 3hushan 1el!ar, 0in!ar ,angal, ,ranthali
1alnirnay 0indarshi!a, 1alnirnay #ra!ashan, 0adar, Mumbait
$lassical Music
5al!ing about rashtra in the @<th century alone, ve reali:e
t ve vould hare to considert 5his essay is &ust a concise orerriev of the history of
5he ri vhich basically deals vith the sub&ect of lore, sensuality and longingt
3ut the audience do not ta!e to changes fast enought It ta!es time for people to absorb these
ectt 5his style created by Alladiya 1han )aheb came to be !novn as the (aipur%Atrauli
,orind 3allal 0eral vas one such namet It is not !novn vhere he learnt music but nobody had
3al,andharra- articlet An era vas defined by
mes,
forms li!e the
A mention of 0eenanath Mangesh!ar is unaroidable because though he came into prominence
ous and charming vith beautiful
In terms of the number of boo!s on classical music, Maharashtra has been blessedt ,orindrao
3har,eet
5he 3har,eet is a musical style vhich has its origins in Indian classical music but is not
t 5he
#ractice and the rehearsals, as in the case of classical music, are important in 3har,eet toot
5he 1erva, 0adra and 2oopa! form the main 5aals of the 3har,eett 3ut vith erery song, the
et
es and notes follov suit in that elegant mi'ture that is
2asas in 3har,eet
/e can e'perience the different e lore, separation and derotion
t formt /e find that the different
5here hare been discussions amongst the interested listeners and critics as to vhether vords
ng form hare the same genesist
3har,eet o encompass a lot of stylest $inema music, 5heatre music,
A fev outstanding
,a&ananrao /atve vas the foremost artist vho brought the 3har,eet the great respect and
nt )ongs li!e
Many poems on rarious sub&ects by poets li!e 3t2t5ambe, 3al!avi, 1esharsut, #t1tAtre, Anil,
$lassical rocalists hare time and again rentured in this formt Many e'amples can be citedt 6e
3har,eets try reach the massest )udhir #had!e, 0asharath #u&ari and 0atta
5he composer 4ashvant 0eo laid stress on the vords sung in 3har,eet and created a different
5he ,eet as been enriched by the derotional poetry of the
ade a lasting impression in the hearts of the Marathi
/a&avi #ava ,orind, /a&avi Murali )hyamsundera, Amrutahuni ,oda, .ithu Ma&ha

3har,eet ndispensable part of the ethos in Maharashtra and the Marathi community
In
their patronage to these e'perimentst /e can only hope that this
5he ,eet et
a and
)ome important singers and composers are mentioned belov+
tt #t)avlaram
@t 4ogeshvar Abhyan!ar
8t Mt#t3hare
rt )tAt)hu!la
Bt (t1tDpadhye
;t 2amesh Anav!ar
t /t2t1ant
At Mangesh #adgaon!ar
et )urya!ant 1hande!ar
t<t 3t2t5ambe
ttt ,angadhar Mhambre
t@t )hanta )hel!e
t8t )an&eerani Marathe
trt /atve
tBt )udhir #had!e
t;t )hrinivas 1hale
tt 4ashvant 0er
tAt Anil Arun
tet 0asharath #u&ari
@<t 6ridayanath Mangesh!ar
@tt .asant #rabhu
@@t .asant 0esai
@8t .asant #avar
@rt )hridhar #had!e
@Bt Asho! #at!i
@;t )alil 1ul!arni
@t 1aushal Inamdar
5he A!ashvani made the
genret 6M. >6is Masters .oice? especially cut sereral records of the
3ut the credit of giring a platform for the performers and singers to perform lire in front of
$lassical Music
atya)angeet
Adrent of Marathi Musical 5heatre H A singular tradition
It is said that the Marathi atya)angeet is a contribution from the Marathi theatre to the
Many dramatists and lyricists li!e 1irlos!ar, ,orind 3allal 0eral, 1 # 1hadil!ar, 2am ,anesh
e a fev songs for musical plays li!e 3andha 2eshmache, 0hadila
ational influence on
Marathi musical theatre prospered due to e'cellent music directors li!e ,ayanAcharya
f music of 3anaras, Cuc!nov and #un&abt Also, a fev of the lyrics from
"ffect of motion pictures
Musical plays li!e )ha!untal and )aubhadra had ample number of songst 6ence, the plays
same
s vere 1ularadhu, Andhalyanchi )hala and 3humi!anya )eeta etct 5hese
0ifferent streams and styles emerge
0ifferent streams of musical theatre vere being created at this time and they all receired an
!ar-s lyrics in musical plays li!e )harda, )anshay!allol and
5he songs by ,ad!ari, )arar!ar, .arer!ar, (oshi and 2angne!ar brought forth a style of music
, 6irabai 3adode!ar, )arasvati 2ane, (yotsna 3hole,
#ost the ,andharra era, talented music director of musical plays, #andit (itendra Abhishe!i
ti7ue melodies from the routine >,aarti, 3heem,
)hahashaira&ii, e!&aat Maratha, )anyasta!hadag, 1atyaar !aal&aat ghusli, Meghmalhar,
ani are e'amples of this genre of musical playst
5he musical plays are rendered more poverful because of the songst
Musical plays from the 1irlos!ar musical theatre company vere influenced by the
an tradition of
n?, 1atu yo&ana hi ridhichi >2aga )han!ara?, Anrutachi ,opala >2aga
3esides these, many compositions by saints vere used in musical theatre and their usage in
)ometimes, more than the musical plays, the audio recordings of the music and compositions
5heatre companies and artists add ralue
A discourse on musical theatre is incomplete vithout mentioning the names of the folloving
5hese artists enlirened the musical plays that they
It is also imperatire that the musical theatre companies be mentioned, as they vere
g this
tar, and 2a&aram )angeet Mandali
5he reference of &oint musical theatre productions is also importantt 1esharrao 3hosale of
le earned a record%brea!ing income of fifteen thousand
It is important to mention the accompanists vhile discussing musical theatret 5he organ, the
is a traditional art of one of its !indt Musical theatre
5he flov of musical theatre e'perienced many changest It has incorporated many styles of
and is
$lassical Music
#relude
/hen ve tal! about Indian painting, ve refer to a vide array of styles including 2a&put,
more
&asthan and ,u&arat, the arts flourished under the stable rule of
In Maharashtra, the situation vas 7uite the oppositet Most of the region vas corered by
entt It vas only after 1ing )hira&i established stability
6istory *f Art In Maharashtra
3ritish #atronage of Arts
5he #eshva rule ended in tAtA and the 3ritish reign in India startedt 5here vas a lot of

t established the )ir (( )chool of Arts in Mumbai in tABt
5he school vas not established by the 3ritish alone, but vas financially supported by )ir
d 9al!land, the then gorernor of 3ombay #residency,
(t(t )chool of Arts taught art in different styles and reins+
tt #roduction of traditional Indian artst
f 2ealism or realistic painting in the vestern
5hese rarious art styles vere established in the school because of the policy decided by the
/hen tvo different styles or schools of art come together, then ve see a nev art emergingt 3ut
#rof ,riffiths had his students and professors from (( )chool of Arts ma!e imitations of the

mest 3ecause of his great effort, the art in A&anta
5he second principal of (( )chool of Art, ,riffith-s successor, #roft )olomon made seminal
n
d culturet 6e vrote boo!s li!e $harm of Indian Art
5he principals that folloved #roft )olomon did not hare great lore for Indian artt 5he names of
1olhapur-s $ontribution to the Art /orld
It is not true that only Mumbai made contributions to Indian art in generalt 1olhapur, also
nage offered by )hahu
1olhapur had a tradition in traditional arts and crafts and that-s vhy it could produce these
olhapurt
5he contribution of 1olhapur on the pan%Indian art scene vas not limited to nature draving

t and artists in 1olhapurt Abalal 2ehman vas the first
0atta&i 0alvi vas another risionaryt 6imself a graduate from the (( )chool of Arts, he started
elsevheret
#une-s $ontribution to the Art /orld
#une is !novn as the cultural capital of Maharahtrat #eshva )avai Madharrao established
e 3ritish
and around #une could not afford to go to Mumbai to
5his school made a demand to the gorernment to establish an art directorate >
e )un and )and Art ,alleryt Along vith these,
Madhuri #urandare, a renovned singer, actress and artist is actire in the city through the

is actire in organi:ing art vor!shops through the support of an
Art ,roup and Artists
Ma&or Art ,roups in Maharashtra
Artists in India vere introduced to rarious Indian schools of painting and at the same time
)ir (
<oung Tur$s Group
Indian freedom morement vas gathering momentum, the art vorld vas also
t and then the group became 7uic!ly
Progressie artists group
he left leaning artist 9t t )ousa in tert Artists li!e Mt 9t 6ussain,
indiriduals li!e the
Combay Group
a!ing up of the #rogressire Art ,roup, Ara, ,ade and 6ussain stayed bac! in
e group-s ideology vas similar to the tvo prerious groups and vor!ed on the same principlest
After this many small groups and collectires vere formed but could not sustain long enought

9amous artists in Maharashtra
!balal -ehman
vas born in 1olhapurt 6e vas the first artist from 1olhapur to study art in the
Caburao Painter
olhapur in the year tAe<t 6is original name vas 3aburao Mestrit 6e vas actire
%0 #0 'ussain
#andharpur in tetBt 6is childhood vas spent in Indore in Madhya #radesht 6is
ngs li!e Indira ,andhi, Mother 5eresa,
+asude Gaitonde
a in te@rt 6e stayed true to abstract painting all his lifet 6e studied at the ((
S0 L0 'aldan$ar
AA8 in )arantvadi in 2atnagiri districtt After passing out of the (( )chool of
as
Calasaheb Thac$arey
leader of the )hir )ena, he is !novn as a cartoonist toot 6is vor! has been
-0 D0 La;man
shna)vami Ca'man vas born in Mysoret 6e vas inclined tovards art since his
3esides the abore mentioned artists, 3aburao )adrel!ar, 2aobahadur 0hurandhar, 1halil
2eferences
a!ala
@t arashtrateel 1alavant
8t hrabdha )harada
rt 5hesis H #ainting and sculpture in Maharashtra
Bt vvvtvi!ipediatorg
Preface)
Maharashtra is a culturally rich and prosperous )tatet Ci!e all arts, the most modern arts and
6istory+
Creation through e;perimentation)
Mories in the vestern countries vere being produced in the nineteenth centuryt At the same
mationt 6e performed these slide shovs all orer India and had also
Cater, in tAeA, 6arishchandra )a!haram 3hatarde!ar at!tat )aredada made a short film on
#irst -elease in %oie Theatres
ashi!-s 0hundira& ,orind at!tat 0adasaheb #hal!e orercame financial difficulties and
lso
0uring the same time, form tet8 to te@;, ) #atan!ar from Mumbai produced 8; films in
uld not be released in Indiat
Dalamaharshi nter
1olhapur is the home of art in Maharashtrat 5he tvo brothers from 1olhapur, Anandrao and
ith
!ryan #ilm Company)
anasaheb )arpotdar, vho had earlier vor!ed vith 3aburao #ainter founded the Aryan 9ilm
ini aidu appreciated
!ge of the tal$ies)
5he producers vere avare that the age of the silent films vas soon coming to an end and

#reface ema

5he ,olden Age+
any and its !chieements)
3aburao #ainter-s students, . )hantaram, 0haybar, 0amle and 9attelal decided to more out of
olhapurt 5heir first production,
After beginning vor! at 1olhapur, #rabhat shifted to #unet 6ere, they built the best and the
araot #rabhat later produced Manoos, the success of vhich is credited to its
The Downfall of Prabhat)
5he #rabhat era vas in full sving in #unet 5he vor!ing of #rabhat )tudios vas e'tremely
nership issuest *n Bth (uly terB, .ishnupant 0amle passed avayt 5he success of the film
t 5o%date, this
All the films produced by #rabhat vere beautiful, 7uality filmst Many artists and technicians
ntemporary social issues and problems through their filmst
+ Shantaram 6 ! %iracle (or$er)
0uring the early days of the film industry, vhen there vas no modern e7uipment and hardly
$inema is a poverful medium to display all the human emotionst . )hantaram used this
Indiriduals and Agencies behind Marathi $inema+
ilm Production 'ouses)
In 1olhapur, films vere being produced through )halini $inetone and 1olhapur $inetonet In
ngesh!ar and $hintamanrao 1olhat!ar produced the
6ans #ictures later became aryug $hitrat 5he duo of Acharya Atre and Master .inaya!
e
,reat filmma!er stalvarts li!e 0amle%9attelal, actors li!e 1esharro 0haybar and .
ptiont
#amous %oies and !rtists)
A young and attractire $handra!ant Mandhare vith a magnetic personality entered the
supported
2am ,abale directed the film .ande Mataram in terAt # C 0eshpande and )unita 0eshpande
2am ,abale directed a beautiful morie for young children titled
Around t8 films vere produced during tere%B<t Cata Mangesh!ar composed music for the first
After learing #rabhat 9ilms, 0atta 0harmadhi!ari, Anant Mane, "t Mohammed established
ther in tvelre filmst
5he film tu:hya angani rd? made by the trio of 2a&a
in
Marathi $inema $omes to Age
New wae in cinema)
0ue to the adrent of 6indi films, Marathi films vould not last in theatres beyond a couple of
ral, tamasha%centric mories li!e
In te;r, the film a $hitrapat Manch avardt 1ashinath
0irector 2a&datta, vhose genre vas family oriented films, directed the successful
At a time vhen Marathi cinema vas struggling to find financial success, 0ada 1ond!e-s
year te@,
or, 2am 1adam had vor!ed hard to compose the music and the audience lored itt
Ta; benefit schemes for films)
In teB, the ,orernment of Maharashtra introduced the system of ta' benefitst 5he number of
Some e;perimentations)
In the flood of these comedy films came (abbar #atel directed e and also the first
de during this time+
In teAt, came le!art )hriram Cagu directed his first film,
0ada 1ond!e-s mories vere released in 7uic! succession, and all vere successfult )ome of
ya, 6yoch narra
! New Ceginning (?754 onwardsF*)
2am 1adam, the famous music director, directed his first film,
5he mories released during teAA had an urban bac!drop and these became popular enough to
3etveen the years tee8 to teeA, many 7uality films vere releasedt Among these vere
&ncreasing meaningfulness and technical finesse in cinema and commercial
5here vere some e'cellent mories, vhich the audience could relate to+ ,a&endra Ahire directed
5he films being made in the past fev years hare been replete vith fresh sub&ects, fresh actors,
)ome good mories of this era are+
N ! #a! #a!!aa! a!sham 1ul!arni?
5hese mories made good business and vere also appreciated by the audience and critics ali!et
Around r@ mories vere released in the year @<<;t )ome films vhich merit a mention are+
5he techni7ues used in Marathi films made in its serenty%fifth year are nov constantly
are
tional $annes and 3erlin film
%arathi #ilm #ederation)
5he gorernment of Maharashtra began the practice of avarding 7uality Marathi films from
Stalwarts of %arathi Cinema)
5he contribution of many great stalvarts has resulted in Marathi cinema gaining respect and
Chal,i Pendhar$ar)
In terA, 3hal&i #endhar!ar-s (ayprabha )tudio vas burnt dovn in the riots that bro!e out
India had become independentt 3hal&i #endhar!ar made films that e'pressed the feeling of
nt artists and technicianst 6is staff vas li!e a family to
-a,a Paran,ape)
In terA, the film 5he successful trio-s % 2a&a
r role to play in Marathi cinema-s golden years from terA till te;et In 2a&a #aran&ape-s
!charya !tre)
#ralhad 1eshar Atre vas a multi%faceted personality vho achiered success in theatre,
(riters)
Marathi literature has alvays produced immortal classicst 9ilmma!ers hare alvays been
en adapted into films as
*riginal orel L
Author 9ilm #roducer $ast L $rev 4ear 4ear
,ad aala pan 6 Apte ,ad aala pan 3aburao #ainter as te@8
. )
de!ar
$hhaya 6ans #ictures te@;
a #atnaari 6 Apte 1un!u #rabhat
, 0
ul!ar
3rahmachari, Master
Mangalagaurichy . . 3o!il #ahili
gaur
Master )tarring
ha
da!

0octor ath
r
)hi!leli 3aay!o Dsha!iran >star?,
c?
#aaran1athcha ,
e!ar
#aaran1athchi
e

Mumbai 0inan!, Arun )adhu >3oth norels (abbar #atel
.runda )umati
mad
)u!hachi )arali
$handane )himpit )ha!untala Adhaar 2a&a
&ape

)hoonyachi )ha!untala 1alat a!alat
3het 2ohini
i
3het
At the start of his career, , 0 Madgul!ar vor!ed for free vith Master .inaya! for 6ans
)uccessful screenplay vriters include names li!e .yan!atesh Madgul!ar, Anna 0eulgar!ar,
Among female vriters, 3hare and $hitra #ale!ar-s
9rom Mama .arer!ar to # C 0eshpande and .asant 1anet!ar, the film industry has flourished
Poets)
0uring te8t%8@, Acharya Atre turned 2ererend 5ila!-s poem
#oetry #oet 9ilm #roducer )inger
6i e! aas mani ,orindagra&
.ilasi
Master .inaya!
#remsvarup aai
Madhar
Ma:a baal
.ishram

Aai mhanoni !oni 4ashvant
)hyamchi
Asha 3hosale
0iryatrachi &ethe 3 3 3or!ar #utra rhara
,hanashyam )undara

Amar
li
.asant 0esai
ata Mangesh!ar,
#oets 4ashvant, 3 2 5ambe, 2a&a 3adhe, # )aralaram, M , 2angane!ar, Anant 1ane!ar,
lmst
3eginning vith the morie s befitting
'imum number of poems for musician 2am 1adamt 9or . )hantaram-s
%usic Composers)
5he musicians Master 0eenanath Mangesh!ar, Annasaheb Main!ar, )ureshbabu Mane,
amchandra
Goindrao Tembe)
,orindrao 5embe gare the music in the
a
Desharao Chole)
5he sveet roiced 1esharrao 3hole came to #une in te@;t /hile singing poems and bhargeet,
tion
ng in
%aster Drishnarao)
Master 1rishnarao #hulambri!ar used to gire musical performances all orer Indiat 6e vas a
Datta Da,e$ar)
0atta 0ar&e!ar had vor!ed for #une-s )arasvati $inetone and also under )ureshbabu Manet
composer began vith Mane-s
+asant Prabhu)
.asant #rabhu rendered sveet and simple compositions vhich had a classical baset Cata
.asant #rabhu had learnt the and vell built and
mbai and got a &ob as a music composer in 6M.t
#rabhu composed the music for some songs as vell as choreographed some dance se7uences
5hrough a lot of hard vor!, #rabhu managed to ma!e actress )ulochana, a non%dancer at that
# )arlaram-s songs vere full of motherly lore, magnanimity and sentimentst 6is songs, ,hat
6e used to refer to Cata Mangesh!ar-s roice as a gift from ,odt It is said that he used to thin!
to sell%outt 6is most memorable songs are+
+asant Desai
.asant 0esai spent his childhood in 1o!ant 6e mored to 1olhapur and vor!ed at #rabhat
ral $lub, he vas fortunate to imbibe from the performances of e'7uisite singers
6e played the part of the drirer in
6e independently composed music for the first time for the 6indi film
6e composed catchy music for the first
to play in their successt 5he song
9or the film, ny classical singers and musicians li!e
6e composed the music for around tventy Marathi filmst 9rom ter@ to te;, he gare e'cellent
.asant 0esai receired many avards and honourst In te;, he vas avarded the
e, easy tunes for Marathi poems in children-s te'tboo!st )ome of these poems are
3e it composing classical music based songs, or using Indian instruments, 0esai-s contribution
+asant Pawar)
.asant #avar vas an e'cellent sitar playert 6is first film as a music director vas
Laani Ding -am Dadam)
2am 1adam vas born poor and had a difficult childhoodt 6e vas fortunate to spend some time
uld
er
Cater, he vor!ed as an office boy at #rabhat )tudiost 6e learnt larani under #atthe 3apuraot
usic director vas 3hal&i #endhar!ar-s
In teB, 1adam scored the music for Anant Mane-s film
6e vas !novledgeable of all !inds of musical instrumentst Although
ours in the studio and recording fifteen to si'teen songs bac! to bac!t 0uring the recording of
2am 1adam himself sang a fev songs li!e
2am 1adam, (agdish 1hebud!ar and Anant Mane produced the
2am 1adam adeptly prorided music for all genre of music from fol! songs to sugam sangeett
Sudhir Phad$e)
3abu&i, as he vas fondly !novn, reached the pinnacle of success vith
6e began his career vith #rabhat-s film ne
6is compositions vere seemingly rery simple but beautifult 3eing a singer as vell as a
contributed tovards the deep effect that his songs had on the
'ridaynath %angesh$ar)
6ridaynath Mangesh!ar first scored music for 3hal&i #endhar!ar-s film
6is forte vas intelligently blending fol! music and classical music, compositions, vhich vere
mpositions, vhich vere appreciated by the common audience are+
Music directors that must also be mentioned are 0hashrath #u&ari, 0ada $hande!ar,
idhar #had!e, Anand Moda!, Asho! #at!i and A&ay%
Stalwart !ctors and !ctresses)
In yodhyecha 2a&a nd ,orindrao 5embe acted and sang their ovn songst
Ceela $handragiri, Master .inaya!, 3aburao #endhar!ar, (yotsna 3hole, )ureshbabu Mane,
ant
Master 1rishnarao, 3aby )ha!untala and Calita #avar vere artists from
Artists from other production houses include+
Master .itthal, $handra!ant, )ulochana, )urya!ant, (ayashri ,ad!ar, 3hal&i #endhar!ar,

)ulabha 0eshpande, 0ada 1ond!e, Dsha $harhan, 0rt )hriram Cagoo, ,anpat #atil, .i!ram

nd )mita
5he great comedy artists in Marathi cinema are 0in!ar 0here >1ammanna?, 0amuAnna
at #atil and
and B fol! plays, the multi%talented and dedicated )hinde vas a
In recent times, 1edar )hinde >director?, 3harat (adhar, Ma!arand Anaspure, An!ush
re vorth a
9ilm%ma!ing is teamvor! inrolres art, science and technologyt It is a blend
rt, sound, editing and cinematographyt )ome of the best technicians of Marathi films
Sound upant 0amle, 1ul!arni%Con!ar, )han!arrao 0amle, ) 1 1ale, ,orindrao 0amle,
Cinematography arrao 0haybar, #andurang ai!, " Mohammed, 3al 3apat,
Machre,
/diting de, Madhar 1amble, A 2 )hai!h, 2a&a 5ha!ur, Madhar )hinde, Anant Mane,
!rt ebmama 9attelal, .asant #ainter, M 0 5ha!ur, .asant 5hengdi, )hripatrao Mestry,
Art as a medium vas e'tremely effectire in the pre%independence era to sov the seeds of
the countryt In those days, musical plays,
eb #hal!e, 3aburao #ainter, 3hal&i #endhar!ar,
5oday-s films reflect the changed mindsett Cet us be grateful to all those artists all orer the
the lens of the
2eferences+
N itrasampada er+ 2ari 3apat >(aagati! Marathi #arishad?
#relude
5oday ve find thousands of roc! cut cares all orer Indiat 5hese cares are spread all orer the
re a
there are e<< cares in Maharashtra alonet A
$ares
5he vord Cena >care? has first been mentioned in the #andara cares in ashi!t 9inding and
nt style of sculpture and architecturet 5he cares at A&anta
A&anta H A uni7ue treasure
5he cares at A&anta are in a mountain situated to the north%east of the A&anta rillage vhich is
0 and Ath century A0t 0uring ;<@ A0 and ;rA 6uen
*ut of the thirty cares in A&anta, some are e'tremely beautifult
In $are nott, ve see a statue of ,autam 3uddhat *n the valls are carred incidents from the
e is illuminated from the front, it seems li!e the face is
5here is no difference in the orerall design betveen the tst and the @nd caret 3ut the carrings,
5he cares 8, r and B are not so important in terms of the paintings, but offer ama:ing
>the
er borroved by the Mahayana sect of 3uddhismt 5he (ata!a
)ome risitors might feel that some paintings in these vorld famous A&anta cares are deroid of
temporary chemistry, art and architecture after
.erul
5he care temples of .erul >"llora? are as famous as the site at A&antat It also is a vorld famous
under the administration of 1ing )hira&i-s
)ome e'perts beliere that these cares vere built in the time vhen the /a!ata!a rule vas
ing the
d to the completion of the 0ashavatar care is the later
In these cares, the t<th care is the 3uddhist care of the Mahayana typet It is e'tremely vell
d heret
5he t@th care is called the 5eentala care and is a combination of the $haitya and .iharas in
6indu $ares
here is !novn as 2aran 1i 1hai and is famous for a sculpture of 2arana holding
/e see the anger on arsingh-s face
5he t;th care is famous all orer the vorld as the 1ailash care or templet It-s an achierement
e
been carred out of a ;< I 8< s7tmt roc! and the temple
(ain $ares
om 8< to 8B are famous as the (ain group of carest 5he 8<th care is famously !novn
$onclusion
re might be a little bit of monotony in the cares at A&anta and .erul, they do not fail
re hare become vorld famous and does avay
)ome other $are sites +
5here are many other care sites in Maharashtra besides the vorld famous A&anta and .erult
,harapuri
)hairite cares at ,harapuri islands vhich vere !novn as )hrihari in ancient timest
se cares came to !novn as "lephanta carest
#andara $ares
#andara cares at ashi! are situated on the *la!hlya mountaint 5he vord Ceni >$are? is
es
ovn as #andara
1anheri cares
5hese cares are situated near 3orirali in Mumbai, and hare been carred betveen the tst
for all
1arle cares
5hese cares are situated at 1arle, near the Mumbai%#une e'press highvayt 5hese cares vere
0 1arle cares is one of the fev e'amples of cares cut out of
3esides these there are 6indu, (ain and 3uddhist cares li!e 3ha&e, (intur >0istrict #arbhani?,
ious secularismt It is our duty to respect and protect this rich heritaget
*ther sites in Maharashtra
Maharashtra has many other sculpture sites other than cares toot *ther architectural
tourists and risitorst )ome of these sites are mentioned
tt $hhatrapati )hira&i 5erminus
enchanting buildings in the vorld and nov houses the offices
en seen from outside
D")$* included this building as a vorld heritage site in @<<rt
@t Aundha agnath temple
5his is a temple of the lord Mahadeo and is situated in 6ingoli districtt It is one of the tvelre
8t ,hrushneshvar temple
5his temple too is one of the tvelre (yotirling and is situated rery near to the .erul cares,
rt $hhatrapati )hira&i statue
5his t8tB feet high and A ton statue of )hira&i vas sculpted by a great sculptor .inaya!
or because of this
#relude ashtra
)culptors in Maharashtra
/ith a great tradition of sculpture, vith vorld famous A&anta and .erul and hundreds of
t )ome great sculptors are mentioned
.inaya! #andurang 1armar!ar vas born in the rillage of )asavane in 2aigad district in the
t his
atma ,andhi and 2abindranath 5agoret 6e studied at the
@t 2aghunath #had!e
#had!e vas born in tAArt 6e did not receire any training or education in any arts colleget 6e
0hurandhar considered him a great artistt 6e faced
8t 3aburao #ainter
3aburao 1rishna&i Mestri vas born in 1olhapur in the year tAe<t 6is father vas a carpenter
ert
in the ,andharra ata! Mandali as he used to paint the
rt 6emad
adpanthi style temples in Maharashtra vere created by the sculptor 6emadt
$onclusion
Maharashtra had the necessary roc! and other geographical conditions for roc! cut
4adarat
propagate, support and patroni:e the artst 5he (( )chool of Arts in
#relude htra
2eferences
.ishrabddha )harada, .ol 8 H Indian art and sculpture
5hesis H )culpture and art in Maharashstra
vvvtvi!ipediatorg
#relude
5he 9ol! Art of Maharashtra
9ol! Art is a priceless treasure preserred by Maharashtrat 9ol! arts originated in rural
lated to
5hese fol! arts, vhich originated primarily for the purpose of education, are not necessarily
ith the Marathi
5he fol! arts of Maharashtra are the bac!bone of its cultural ethost 5hey hare been
e to the
e val!ing through your field of )orghum but vould happily gire
/haterer one chooses to call these happy, raried and contradictory people of Maharashtra,
#relude

3ahurupi
5he men rest in the rerandahs to ta!e a brea! from the heat of the afternoon, the vomenfol!
#atil, !othayat #atil, asli !arani !arun, rar unhaa tanhaa che saralit :opatoO
r!E
At first, the vomen are confused and the children scaredt 3ut once they see the attire of the
!ttire of a
0isguised in a police uniform, shirt poc!et filled vith sereral multicoloured bro!en pens, he
to
in the man-s vife and as!s her not to vorry about his tvo%timing vayst 6e says,
3ursting into peals of laughter, the vomen are momentarily reliered from the mountainous
!i
&mportance of
5he structure of Maharashtra-s rural life is li!e a large busy &oint familyt "rerybody lires
Amongst all the artists, the mimic has the ma'imum impact on the peoplet *f course, his
ent namest 5hese
$lose obserration of the different sections of the society and an inborn talent for acting are his
talentt 6e does not re7uire any preparation for
/e should encourage and preserre the heritage of this mimic vho presents the real state of

2ef + )ans!rutichya #aul!huna H 0 5 3hosale
#relude

3harud
3harud is one of those important fol! arts of Maharashtra, vhich is still alire and is going

!aram ,atha >collection of )aint 5u!aram-s
5his art form is as educatire as it is en&oyable and it is a farourite among the peoplet It is an
n to be the originator of this
5he arrangement of 3harud is more or less li!e this+ 5he .eene!ari sits in the centre of the
en to tventy taal!ari stand around
5he 3harud begins vith the praise of Cord .ithoba vith the loud cry of
#undali! rarade hari .ittaal
e't begins the bha&an of .ithoba 2a!hmait 5his 3ha&an continues for some time alloving the
ndali! .aradeP is giren by the singers, accompanied by the
"nthusiasm, flurry, catchy tunes, music and crisp compeering are the strong points of 3harudt
ting a
rangolit And in this fresh, magical atmosphere, the vomenfol! of the rillage start singing
)undar ma:a &aata ga
>My hand mill
ly,
"ach 3harud is interspersed vith such songs from the fol! culturet 5hen, the 3harud!ar
daan parla, daan parla
>$harity attained, charity attained?
*ne feels that davn has &ust bro!en vhen one sees him in his peacoc! feather capt )inging and
the
i-s derotee #otra& on the stage vith sharp
0aar ughad baye daar ughad
>*pen the door, lady open the door?
,enerally, these 7uestions are of a humorous nature but also carry a messaget
In this vay, each fol! artist comes on the stage one by one and displays his art formt 5he

audience in splits vhile laying bare the secrets of married
5he 3harud appears to be a simple form of comic entertainmentM hoverer, the 3harud is full of
upliftment by controlling materialistic propensitiest
3harud is a prosperous, impressire and educatire art of Maharashtrat And it is satisfying to
icult &ob of !eeping this tradition
3haradi
1arma rait, .aitagi 3andhala Math
>#erformed bad deeds, then built a temple as repentance?
5hose vho hare heard this !ind of educatire
ful vhether today-s generation, eren in the rural areas, !novs vhat a
Chairaopasa$ irobat 6aring ta!en the
The &nitiation
5he children from this caste are giren the performed for giring the
itual mar!ing the seal-t )ereral songs are sung vhile
1anchan !aya !afani laaya
Dpon chanting this rerse, the boy is then giren a
The !ct
A study of the religious and social depth of !novledge of this community that vorships Cord

)han!arasi puse #arrai
>#arrati as!s )han!ar
d
5his 7uestion is uppermost in the minds of all those vho are associated vith agriculture in
Assal maal de &a udmyala
>,ire the real food to the beggar
3harad nues through posing such poignant 7uestionst 0uring
3haradis de their mar! in the fol! art of
tten by a sna!e is ta!en to the temple of Cord 3hairarnath and the
5he structure of the airarnath, a story and finally, the
5o protect the sanctity of the social life and for spiritual progress, these
0er bahiri, bha!tancha !airari
>Ci!e a falcon, the Cord !eeps an eye on his derotees, especially the
5o encourage the sing one of his songs+
3hairarnathachya naraana changbalat
>,reatness is to Cord 3hairarnathE?
3hutya
3harani, Mi tu:a 3hutya !hara
g
>* ,oddess 3harani, I am your derotee
nstrument
*ne can see from the abore abhanga penned by )aint "!nath that 3hutya is deeply deroted to
n-t differentiate betveen the
5he Attire
6e vears a froc!%style shirt, long trousers, a hat embedded vith covries, nec!lace of covries
he eren tells a fev stories about the good
5he Act
0uring the days of ,hatasthaapanaa, these 3hutyas roam from rillage to rillage singing the
e
5here are different vays of becoming a 3hutyat *ne can become a 3hutya by remaining a
a
to the establishment of
5hus, 3hutya is an ideal from the point of riev of the society, its spirituality and historyt In
2ef+ tt Co!sans!rutiche Dpasa! H 2 $ 0here
,ondhal
,ondhal, an established religious practice of most of the castes in Maharashtra, is an
In order to obtain the blessings of ,oddess 2enu!a or ,oddess 5ula&abharani, derotees inrite
rm
eins through the crovn of his head and made a
/hile tracing the origins of ,ondhal researchers hare found that they could trace reneration
t Also, the tutelary ,oddess of the 1adamba family vas
As time passes, this centuries%old tradition practiced vith rererence has undergone positire as
5he Act
A nev unused cloth is spread on a lov, flat rectangular stool decorated by rangoli from all
!alash
ith rolls of oiled cloth tied around it are
,an+ th all auspicious occasions, ,ondhal too begins vith the ,ant Cord ,anesh is
,anraya lau!ar yare, 3het sa!alala dyare
>* Cord ,anpati, come fast to meet your derotees
ng
Aratana ,an, the thirty%three crore ,ods and ,oddesses are inrited for the ,ondhalt
blessings on their derotees vith the folloving
Aai Ambabaichya naraanaP udo udo
dala
>In the name of ,oddess Mother Amba3aiP 2ise upE
mpassion
All the important deities are thus called and the remaining miscellaneous deities are inrited
,aar dongrachi hara an, 3aaila sosena ,aarra
!iti
>5he cold vind blovs from the hills, 5he lady cannot bear the chill
?
)ongs of this type hare become more popular than otherst ovadays, the songs hare been
opular
1aay !aru mi ata baai, Ma:hya nashibala
>*, fate, vhat do I doQ I got a husband vho is &ust li!e a bull?
*2
.aat larliya ma:hya sansarachi
i
>My family life is disruptedM my vife thin!s only of her parents- house?
,ondhali try to incorporate social messages in their songs li!e correct behariour of mothers%

5he ,ondhal is more impressire than any other medium in rural as vell as urban areast In
and
5he institution of marriage is one of the most important institutions in the societyt )ocial
1eertan
1eertane raacha paritra, !eertan hoy satpatra
>Cistening to a !eertan ma!es your language pure,
5he importance of the !eertan is highlighted through this rerse composed by )amarth
ly rich
Although !eertan originated during the era of the Dpanishads, the roots of this institution go
as the .edast
achu !eertanache rangi
>Cet us dance to the music of the !eertanM
)inging this !eertan, this art vhich opened the doors of !novledge to the vorld is still full of
#resently, A!hand 6arinaam vee!s >religious programs that recite the name of the Cord
t
onal musical compositions, most haring a strong classical
1eertan is a beautiful combination of elocution, storytelling, solo act, poetry and musict 5his is
to impress the people vith their visdom and
5he !eertan!ar e'tract the gist from the Abhanga of )aint 5u!aram, )aint "!nath, )aint
y and the hollovness of materialistic
5here are different sects of the !eertan!ar and they perform !eertan as per the norms and
most prosperous tradition is the /ar!ari
1eertan
5he .eene!ari % the person vho plays the reena, sits in the middlet 5he mace%bearer stands
side vhile the harmonium player sits on the
Initially, the .eene!ari starts the 3ha&ant
2am 1rishna 6ari
na 6ari
5he mridang player starts the beat and the taal!ari start tapping their feet to the rhythmt As
)undar te dhyan ubhaa riterari
>)uch a beautiful countenance, standing on a bric!?
5his is an Abhanga praising the Cord .ithoba of #andharpur, vhose idol stands on a bric!t
5hen the bha&an H (ay (ay .ithoba 2a!hmai is sungt /hile this bha&an is being sung, the
ti
it around his nec!t Again, the bha&an is
2am 1rishna 6ari
na 6ari
5o build up the tempo for his !eertan, the !eertan!ar sings the Abhanga 2oop pahata lochani
lains the meaning of each Abhanga to his
3esides the /ar!ari sect, there are other sects too vhich are recogni:ed for their !eertan+ 5he
0uring the freedom struggle, Co!manya 5ila! popularised the !eertan form as a means of
5here is no doubt that this centuries%old art vill continue to pare the vay for !novledge,
ublic education and respectable entertainment in rural
#otra&
Aaliya Maribai
ubhau
>,oddess Maribai has come
e't
At least once a year one hears the rhythmic beating of the drums, the &ingle of the an!le bells
haldi%!un!u to see! her
Mariai-s blessings are sought vith a rov to ma!e children recorer from illnesses, protect
d faith in
Attire
,oddess Mariai or Maribai or 1ada!la'mi-s derotee #otra& is as fierce and sarage as 6ert
ned and a
5he #erformance
5he sound of the drum creates a mysterious atmosphere in the minds of the listenerst *n this
s
*nce Mariai enters his body, she gires solutions to her derotees- problemst *ne by one, the
-s load cart is nerer paid bac! or fulfilled in any
,oddess Mariai is originally the tutelary dirinity of the 0rarids from the southern states of
the
5he vord #otra& is actually #ottu2a&u as it is pronounced in the southt #ottu means a bull or a
sacrifice vas !novn as #ottu2a&u in the south and #otra& in
5he tradition of #otra& originated vith the fear of dirine povers and this fear is so deep%seated
,
g the crac!ing of the vhipt *ne vishes

2ef+ tt 2 $ 0here H Co!sans!rutiche Dpasa!
)haahiri
5he Marathi mind re&oices in anticipation upon hearing the strains of the tuntuna and the
ians
drum of the )hahir beats firmly vhile narrating the
5he oldest povada found by researchers is about the murder of Af:al!han vritten by Agindas
t
!e the fifty%tvo .eer to defeat their adrersaries by
Maharirpar tola mari!a, aaya hundada bhairar!a
After inro!ing the reer, the )hahir tries to defeat the shahir from the opposite teamt 5he .eer
brought beauty in its descriptions, thus proring its
In less than tventy years after )aint 0nyaneshvar attained samadhi after penning the
Marathi
o the marale to fight for the landt 2esearchers of Maratha history
5he dovnfall of Marathi )hahiri began again after the death of )hira&i and it lasted till the
ed the
After the death of )hahu Mahara& and 3a&irao I, romance replaced the heroism of the povadat
povadat
5he most unfortunate thing that happened during the reign of the #eshva vas that the shahir
und today, are mostly from the era of the
*rerall, )hahiri has been able to maintain its e7uilibrium eren in the present dayt 3ut, it has
As compared vith the tamasha and the orchestra, this earthy art of Maharashtra has been
)hahir li!e 2am&oshi, Anant #handi, 6ona&i 3ala, #rabha!ar, #arsharam, )aganbhau and
oriented but based on vorldly
5he message to ma!e the most of the present moment is giren through the folloving lines+
>3eauty erentually turns to dust, time is money?
And the message to toe the fine line betveen decency and indecency vhile describing romance
Marathmola 5u:a, (apun chaal lo! chhinaal mhantil, a!i naari udaru bhu&at
>4our Marathi instincts, be careful or you might be called vayvard, lady do not shrug your
/hile describing the #eshva era, the )hahir describe the talent of the 3rahmin through these
3rahmani ra&ya &ordar ghodyarar svar hot shipai
t
>0uring the 3rahmin reign the soldiers mount the horses vith rigor
It is our responsibility to preserre this art that can create heroes through giring a risual of
5amasha
(ust imagine a sea of svaying red turbans, vhistles and catcalls, hand!erchiefs tvirling in the
harashtrian
It is only in the 5amasha that you see the unsophisticated toiling Marathi farmer en&oying

son vhy this centuries old fol! art and tradition still
)cholars hare noted that 5amasha originated from .idhiatyat 5here are structural
+idhiNatya Tamasha
/orship of ,od /orship of the stage
#rayer to Cord ,anesh ,an
Arahan ,arlan
Cauding the ,ods and ,oddesses 3atarani
A!hyaan .ag
Arati Mu&ra
5he study of the origin of the 5amasha is bac!ed by the similarities in the structures of the
>another fol! play? during the reign of the )atrahan is also similar to that of the
5o shov hov 5amasha vas formed, scholars hare noted that it is built by ta!ing one good part
vas fused together to form the beautiful art of 5amasha vhich
5he 5amasha troupes perform during the annual rillage fairst 0ue to the prorocatire and
this
ir art and practice it vith religious ferrourt
Although there are tvo main types of 5amasha+ 0hol!icha 5amasha and )angeet 5amasha,
,an
After a prayer is offered in respect to the stage, all artists come onto the stage to pray to Cord
Aadhis ganaala rani aana
suna
>9irst appease Cord ,aneshM only then vill he bless your performance?
)o saying, Cord ,anesh is vorshippedt 5hese artists beliere that if the Cord does not bless
,arlan
After the ,an, comes the ,arlant All these herdsvomen are dressed in finery and are heading
ed as
o vorship the ,oddess and thus begins the ,arlan, songs renerating the
Carani % 2angabaa&i
5his is the most colourful aspect of the 5amashat 5he rillage head of no particular rillage goes
.agatya
.agatya means dramati:ations of true or fictitious storiest .ishnu 3ala >3aby .ishnu? is a
ter these, the Mu&ra is performed and the 5amasha
(ust as the other fol! arts, the 5amasha too flourished during the reign of the #eshvat 0uring
as vell as the dancers and other 5amasha artists too! the 5amasha to its :enitht
*ne hopes that this !ing of the fol! arts remains a !ing forerert
.asudeo
,orind 2ama 6o, ,opala 2ama (i%(i
i
>$hanting and praising the Cord 1rishna by calling his rarious names?
/hen the moonlight ma!es vay for the first of the sun-s rays, vhen the birds start chirping,
6e vears a conical crovn bedec!ed vith peacoc! feathers, a long and vhite floving shirt,
of the
ung and old
Citerature of Mahanubhar has also described the cymbal playing, singing and dancing
und for at least a thousand to tvelre hundred
It is erident from his costume that .asudeo vorships Cord 1rishnat /hether it is the peacoc!
s derotion to Cord
)ome of these .asudeo artists are also farmerst )cholars say that these artists vere originally
.asudeo has the important honour of maintaining our oral tradition of songs, couplets and
ting the society, so also has he no 7ualms about as!ing
3alichya ranshi &anma ghetla, 1aalicha dhanda sodu na!o l
>4ou are born in a religious house, do not leare agriculture
.asudeo sermoni:es the people at the same time as as!ing for help to fulfil his family
5umhi Aaya 3aayanno dya .asudernila choli
>All you ladies, please donate a blouse for my vife and a coat for my daughter?
5his rich tradition of Maharashtra is such that it should be preserred and encouraged as it
aharashtra through his songs in his melodious
3alichya ranshi &anma ghetla, 1aalicha dhanda sodu na!ot
>4ou are born in a religious house, do not leare agriculture

2ef+ tt Co!sans!rutiche Dpaasa! H 2t $t 0here
/aaghya%Murali
Many fol! arts hare become an inseparable part of the ideal traditions of Maharashtrat 3ut
d
rali-s misfortune is due to innocent but blind
5he pair /aaghya and Murali derote their entire lires in the vorship of Cord 1handobat Cord
rillages in
5he (aagran of /aaghya HMurali is organi:ed in homes after an auspicious ceremony is
s (aagran
5he initiation of /aaghya%Murali
$hildless couples appeal to Cord 1handoba for a child and promise that the first child that
vay to
gma of impotency?t
5he boy giren avay to ,od becomes /aaghya and the girl Muralit
$ertain rituals are folloved to gire avay a /aaghya or a Muralit 5he parents vho hare roved
the
bat 3ut, unfortunately, as 1handoba is not a liring
5here are tvo types of /aaghya+ the ,har%/aaghya and the 0aar%/aaghyat In order to fulfil
s
Attire of /aaghya%Murali
/aaghya loo!s smart vearing a coarse 7uilt on one shoulder, a tiger%s!in bag around the nec!
3handara on her forehead, and is appreciated for her agilityt
/aaghya%Murali+ A $urse or a 3lessingQ
)cholars hare argued a lot about /aaghya as a character and his namet /aaghya himself
e by a
)una, 1utar, 1utara ti yathasvari
ni&etase
>/aghya is !novn as a dog in the language?
Murali has been a source of criticismt )aint "!nath says+
Icchamuralis paahu na!a, padaal nara!dvaarit
>4ou vill go to hell if you loo! at Murali?
5his means that Murali is a symbol of illusiont
)aint )hai!h Mumammed 3aba critici:es Murali learing no stones unturned+
#unya aacharan na ye Muralichya chitta, bhaltyachya hotil !anta
>Murali-s character is not goodt othing good has happened to those vho hare gone close to
Murali is a strange charactert 6er derotion and relationship vith ,od comes across as veird
.ay sola, !orali !aya, hudpanat ghungharu paaya
>At the tender age of si'teen, vearing toe%bells,
5his strange !ind of derotion has become the essence of Maharashtra-s fol! lifet It is
s also
sing to the beats of the tuntuna, a small tambourine and
Mu!h daaun baanu geli
:aalit
And vith Cord 1handoba-s (aagar in our ears, vithout a bias to this art form, ve can ansver
5opography
)ituated in central India on the vest coast of the country, Maharashtra is bordered by ,u&arat
Maharashtra is the third largest )tate in the country after 2a&asthan and Madhya #radesht
ia >8,@A,@;8 s7 !m?t
5he ma'imum east%vest length of Maharashtra is A<< !m and north%south length is << !mt
Terrain
Maharashtra has three types of terrains namely 1on!an coastline, )ahyadri mountain range
Cocated in the north centre of #eninsular India, vith a command of the Arabian )ea through
5he 1on!an, lying betveen the Arabian )ea and the )ahyadri 2ange is narrov coastal
countryt
!ot, 0abhol, (aigad, .i&aydurg and 1arli cree!st 5he 5ere!hol
5he )ahyadri or the /estern ong the vestern edge of
ulat 5he arerage eleration is around t,<<< m >8,@At ft?t
5his mountain range is recogni:ed as the dirider betveen the easterly and vesterly rirerst
floving nature of the rirers results in the formation of estuaries rather than deltast
5he 1alsubai, )alher and )aptashrungi pea!s are in these mountain ranges and also the hill
5he 0eccan #lateau corers a large part of Maharashtra-s eastern regiont It is a large
orth
ed from natural phenomena spread orer many yearst
Almost e<G of the Maharashtra )tate is corered by this plateaut It corers a total area of tte
to
asvad plateau, Aundh plateau, 3uldhana plateau, Malegaon and 5oranmal plateaut
5he name 0eccan comes from the )ans!rit vord
the armadat 5his region is mostly semi%arid as it lies on the leevard side of both
9olloving is the list of prominent pea!s in the )tate%
Pea$ 'eight
1alsubai t,;r; m
)alher t,B; m
Mahabaleshvar t,r8A m
6arishchandragarh t,r@r m
&ntroduction
Agriculture in Maharashtra raries across the )tate vith its astonishing combination of
it is
oriented farmers as vell as toiling farmers and land
2ain%fed agriculture
Irrigated agriculture
)tep or 5errace farming, and
)hifting cultirationt
9arming is the main occupation for people in rural Maharashtrat BAG of the )tate-s population
turet
ious religious rituals, festirals here are
Maharashtra today strires for moderni:ation vhile simultaneously ensuring a continual all
eing
Land and &rrigation
*f the total 8<A la!h hectares land in Maharashtra, tvo%thirds, itet appro'imately @@Bt; la!h
The Proportion of total land usage in %aharashtra
Particulars !reas ctares* 8
A et area sovn trtA B;tAG
3 /aste land @Bt8 At8G
$ *ther uncultirated land @rt@ teG
0
Cand not arailable for
8tt8 t<ttG
" 9orested land B@tt t;teG
Distribution of land usage in %aharashtra (in percentages*
In Maharashtra, on the basis of climate, the type of roc!s and the proportion of rainfall, the
5he allurial soil on 1on!an coastline >5hane, 2aigad, 2atnagiri and )indhudurg?t
2ed allurial soil >$handrapur, ,adchiroli, /ardha and some parts of 5hane and
(ambhi soil >)atara, 1olhapur, and some parts of 2atnagiri and )indhudurg?t
Allurial soil >from the basins of the rirers, 3hima, 1rishna, #anchganga and 5api?t
3lac! 2egur soil >8Lrth of total area?t
$lay )oil >north%east Maharashtra, agpur, 3handara, ,ondia, ,adchiroli and
&rrigation
ABG of farming in Maharashtra is dependent on the vhims of the seasonal rainst

After the establishment of the independent )tate of Maharashtra, many committees and
t )ome
?0 %aharashtra State &rrigation Commission, ?793
5he Maharashtra )tate Irrigation $ommission vas established under the chairmanship of )t ,t
elopment of vater resources in the )tatet 5he commission presented its report in
5he main topics discussed included
"stimation of the arailability of total vater resources, its actual use, and proportion of
5o hare a definite plan for the proper distribution of vater resources in future and at
#olicies regarding the maintenance and repairs of the irrigation pro&ectst
5he !ey recommendations in the report vere
/ells can serre as means of irrigation in places vhere it is impossible to hare a floving
5o centrali:e industries vhich re7uire more vater in places vhere plenty of vater is
5he duration for dereloping the irrigation pro&ect should be A years from the beginning
5he household vater needs of the people in rural areas from vhere the canals or
5he gorernment should ta!e up the responsibility of rehabilitating people dislocated
A committee should be appointed to reriev the irrigation policies after erery t<%tB
5he gorernment presented its decisions regarding this commission in te;rt
30 The Drought6prone !reas #act6finding Committee (Su$htan$ar*, ?7:@
5his committee vas established under the bac!ground of the serere drought during te@%rt It
5he !ey recommendations of this committee
A8 districts in the )tates to be included in the drought%prone areast
"fforts for soil and vater conserration to be based on the method that stresses the
5he derelopment of bac!vater areas should inrariably include programmes for

)ocial afforestation programmes should be e'ecuted in the small%scale irrigation
"ncourage drip irrigationt
/or! on improring the 7uality of land in areas benefiting from the irrigation pro&ectst
"stablish an organi:ation that vill !eep a trac! of the arailability and use of vater
e%third of the drought%prone areas in Maharashtra vere scrutini:ed vhile ma!ing this
@0 /ight6monthly Gse (ater Committee, ?7:7
(uly, teA to trth 9ebruary, tee?
*ne%third of the arailable vater resources should be used for 1harif crops and tvo%
5he distribution of arailable vater from the irrigation pro&ects should be in proportion
9armers, in the areas benefiting from the pro&ect, should be giren the freedom to
allotted to
A0 &rrigation %anagement !uthority Committee, ?75?) Chairman 1 Suresh Eain
1ey recommendations of this committee include
$onstruct an autonomous institution for the effectire use of vater resourcest 0esign an
n ;<,<<< hectarest
Irrigation 0erelopment $orporation, along vith the pro&ect corporation, should publish
Impose the limited land ovnership lav immediately in the areas benefiting from the
)tart using the bloc! irrigation system in .idharbha to increase the use of vater in
Impose vater ta' on the farmers to encourage use of vater by the method of rolume%
@BG e'penses in the gorernment irrigation programme to be borne by those benefiting
Impose strict policies about recorering vater ta'est $reate more posts for cashiers in
B0Dande$ar Committee of -egional Cac$logs, ?75A
1ey recommendations of this committee vere
It is necessary to count on a district lerel the irrigation%related bac!logs of all the
Dse the concept of t the irrigated region corered by
Crops 1 !rea and Production
Appro'imately tr<%trB la!h hectares of land is cultirated in the
The Proportion of total land usage in %aharashtra
Name of Crop
!rea Cultiated
es ?
1harif um tB%@<
)pi!ed Millet tB%t
5otal #ulses @B%8<
2ice t@%tB
$otton 8<%8B

*f the total ;<%;B la!h hectares land cultirated in rabbi season, rabbi sorghum is
$otton, sugarcane, tobacco, turmeric and regetables are the main cash crops in

gricultural industries are to a large e'tent dependent on the production of these


The increase in food produce oer the last two decades
#ood
ce
?75965: 344964:
9ood grains Att t@AtA
*ilseeds t<t< 8t@
)ugarcane @8@t 88@tA
$ottonI tetA r;t@
I $otton is in la!h bales
'orticulture
5he climate of Maharashtra is conducire for horticulture, as inade7uate rainfall does
to the derelopment of horticulture not only in
9ruit%production constitutes @BG of the total agricultural produce in the )tatet
first in
5he fruits from Maharashtra are in great demand in other )tates as vell as in other
tate
#ruits /;port #acility Centre
Mango achane >2atnagiri?
1esar Mango (alna >(alna?
#omegranate 3aramati >#une?
*ranges Ashti >/ardha?
3ananas )arda >(algaon?
,rapes >/ine producing? #alus >)angli?
,rapes .inchur >ashi!?

In #une district, Indapur has an "'port 9acility $entre for onions and 5alegaon has one
!rea under 'orticulture and #ruit Production (344964:*
?
#ruit crop !rea Production
3anana 8 r,;@@
*ranges t@@ @r
,rapes rB t,@Ar
Mango rrA ;r;
$ashev t;B t;t
#omegranate er ;<@
)veet Cimes er ;t
)apote ;r @;
,uara 8t @@A
*ther @Be t,t8
Total t,8eB t<,8@r
#art >@?
!gro6Cased &ndustries
Sugar &ndustry

5he sugar industry is the most important industry among the rarious agro%based
rural
the importance of sugar industry in Maharashtrat
5he sugar factories in Maharashtra hare a ;<%year old traditiont 0rt .itthalrao .i!he%
cooperatire sector in Maharashtrat
5he cooperatire sugar factories in the )tate hare not &ust remained an industry, but
of
any schools, colleges, hospitals and other social%
Sugarcane and sugar production in
<ear
!rea
ating
Production
e
Sugar
tion Sugar (8*
Sugar
ies
teA<%At @B; e@t<< @AtAB ttt< A@
tee<%et rr< e;tB@ rttt t<t; t<@
@<<<%<t Be< B;N ;t@ ttt tr<
@<<t%@<<@ ot arailable rA<N BBtA ttt@ t@
@<<@%@<<8 ot arailable B8rN ;@t< ot arailable tBe
teee H @<<< figurest n >la!h tons?
5he sugar factories in Maharashtra are also concentrating on direrse fields li!e

!nimal 'usbandry and Poultry
Production %easure 344964: 344:645
Percent
Mil! <<< Metric tonnes ;,eA ,tA 8t<
"ggs $rore 8r< 8Bt 8t@
Meat <<< Metric tonnes @r8 @B< @te
/ool Ca!h !g t;t; t;te; tt

In the year @<<;%<, this sector had @tG share in the agricultural income of the gross
the
ssar sil!

Significant Particulars -egarding #isheries
#actors Gnit 3445647 344:645. 344964:
5otal fish production+
)alt%vater
Ca!h metric
8t; rtt rt;
9resh%vater
Ca!h metric
tt< tt8 tt8
5otal rt; Btr Bte
.alue of fish produce+
)alt%vater
2upees in
A t,B<; t,r@8
9resh%vater
2upees in
A BB ;@@
5otal A @,@;t @,<rB
"'ports+
Dnits
Ca!h metric
<tB tt< ttr<
.alue
2upees in
;A; t,@8 t,8r
9ishing boats umbers @,At@ @;,teB @r,;rr
Mechani:ed
umbers tr,r;e tr,;;; tr,BBr
9ish collection
umbers tAr tAr tAr
. 5ill 0ecember @<< ble
!gricultural &nstitutions
Maharashtra )tate has alvays focussed on agricultural research and trainingt "fforts in this
!gricultural Gniersities
ricultural unirersities in the )tate vhich impart degrees and
9olloving are the four Dnirersities+
tt Mahatma #hule Agricultural Dnirersity
@t 0rt #un&abrao 0eshmu!h Agricultural Dnirersity
8t 0rt 3alasaheb )arant 1on!an Agricultural Dnirersity H
rt Marathvada Agricultural Dnirersity
and sil!
5he Maharashtra $ouncil for Agricultural 2esearch and "ducationhas been established in
ensure proper planning in education and
tt .asantdada )ugar Institute, #une >0eccan )ugar Institute?+ 2esearch in sugarcanet
@t $entral Institute for $otton 2esearch, agpur+ 2esearch in cottont
8t ational 3ureau of )oil )urrey and Cand Dse #lanning, agpur+ 2esearch in soil surrey
rt ational 2esearch $entre for ,rapes, #une+ 2esearch in grapest
Bt ational 2esearch $entre for *nion and ,arlic, 2a&gurunagar, #une+ 2esearch in onion
;t /ater And Cand Management Institute >/ACMI?, Aurangabad+ 5raining centre for
t ational Agriculture 2esearch #ro&ect, )a!oli, 3handara 0istrictt
At ational Agriculture 2esearch #ro&ect, 5arsa, agpur districtt
et ational Agriculture 2esearch #ro&ect, )inderahi, $handrapur districtt
t<t *ther )tate and regional lerel research centres are+
2ain%fed #addy 2esearch )tation, 5ul&apur, *smanabad districtt
Dpland #addy 2esearch )tation, #arbhani, #arbhani districtt
2ain%fed 9arming 2esearch )tation, Konal Agricultural 2esearch )tation,
2egional Agriculture 2esearch )tation, 1ar&at, 2aigad districtt
Agricultural 2esearch Institute, (algaont 2esearch+ *ilseeds, cotton, bananat
Agriculture 2esearch )tation, 2adhanagari, 1olhapur districtt
Dpland 9arming 0epartment, Konal Agricultural 2esearch )tation, )hendapar!,
Agricultural 2esearch Institute, iphad, ashi! districtt 2esearch+ /heatt
Konal Agricultural 2esearch )tation >/estern Kone?, Igatpuri, ashi! districtt
Agriculture 2esearch )tation, Conarala, #une districtt
Agriculture 2esearch )tation, /adgaon%Maral, #une districtt
)ugarcane 2esearch Institute, #adegaon, #ost ira, #une districtt
/estern Maharashtra #lateau Area, Konal 9ruit 2esearch $entre, ,anesh!hind,
-esearch Centres under Leading Gniersities
, A!ola
tt $entral .idharbha Kone, Konal Agricultural 2esearch )tation, 4aratmalt
@t "ast .idharbha Kone, Konal Agricultural 2esearch )tation, )inderahi, $handrapur
Marathvada Agricultural Dnirersity, #arbhani
ricultural 2esearch )tation, Aurangabadt
0rt 3alasaheb )arant 1on!an Agricultural Dnirersity, 0apoli
tt 2egional 9ruit 2esearch )tation, .engurle, )indhudurg districtt
@t 2egional Agriculture 2esearch )tation, 1ar&at, 2aigad districtt
8t )alty land 2esearch )tation, #anrel, 2aigad districtt
rt 2egional $oconut 2esearch )tation, 3hatye, 2atnagiri districtt
Bt Mango 2esearch )tation, 2ameshvar, 0ergad talu!a, )indhudurg districtt
;t 5araporevala Marine 3iological 2esearch )tation, 3andra, Mumbait
t Areca ut 2esearch )tation, )hrirardhan, 2aigad districtt
Training Centres for #armers
B; agricultural training centres for farmers hare been established by the )tate gorernment to
o
Arailability of training facilities to the farmerst
Actual demonstrations based on modern techni7uest
)oil and vater analysist
9acilitate adrice regarding treatment and diagnosis of specimens of pests and diseases
Today=s Need
#rogress in agricultural sector is a priority not only for ascertaining the arailability of
ng and group farming may become a practical
-eferences)
5he "conomic )urrey of Maharashtra @<<%@<<A R @<<A%<et
5he Mega )tate, Maharashtrat At 3t )aradi, irali #ublicationst
Assa 6a MaharashtraE 1t )agar #ublicationst
,eography of Maharashtra, #roft 1t At 1hatib, "ditor+ 1t )agar, @<<t
A 2eport of /ater and Irrigation in Maharashtrat
Agro%*ne, )ome issues during @<<%<At
,orernance
Maharashtra )tate, inclusire of Mumbai, vas born on tst May te;<t
Mumbai is the capital of Maharashtra vhereas agpur is its vinter capitalt 5here are
5he )tate has fire administratire dirisions+ 1on!an, /estern Maharashtra, orth
5ypes of ,orernance )tructures
Type of Goernance Structure Number
Killa #arishad 88
#anchayat )amiti>s? 8Bt
.illage #anchayat>s? @,et;
Municipalities @@@
Municipal $orporation>s? @@
agar #anchayat 8
$antonment 3oards
0emography
0etails of Maharashtra-s demography as per India-s @<<t census+

0ensity per s7 !m 8tB
#opulation e;,AA,;@
2ural BB,A,<<<
Drban r,tt<,t<<<
G of Drban population r@tr8
Male B<,r<t,<<<
9emale r;,rA,<<<
)cheduled castes e,AA@,<<<
)cheduled tribes A,B,<<<
)e' ratio >M+9? t<<<+e@@
Citeracy >G? ;te
Male literacy >G? A;t@
9emale literacy >G? ;et8
2eference+
f Maharashtra @<<<%<t, Maharashtra Administratire Atlas
Marathi #oetry
5his article e'plores the progress of Marathi #oetry from ancient era till the contemporary era
pects of life li!e personal e'periences, &oys and
5he depth of this sub&ect is tremendous, and considering the limits of this article there is a
6istory of Marathi #oetry
In reality, the history of Marathi literature does not date bac! to ancient times, and is more
the destiny of Indiat
9rom tB; religious conrentions vere held to decide the course of spreading the $hristian

Mu!undra& + Marathi poetry-s foremost poet
Mu!undra&-s .ire!)indhu, published in the year ttAA, vas the first Marathi boo! to be
vere
time and vrote his boo! in Marathit After Mu!undra&-s renture,
$ha!radhar
5he Mahanubhar sect of vestern India vas started by )hri $ha!radhar )vami in t@;t 6e
irrespectire of their castes and the traditional ritualistic religion vas
5he vor! established by Mu!undra& by the end of the tvelfth century vas effectirely ta!en
great farour to the languaget
)eren boo!s vritten by vriters of the Mahanubhar sect are famous as )ati ,ranth+
tt )hishupal .adh % tteB % #oet 3has!ar3hat 3ori!ar
@t "!adshas!and % tte; % 1arishvar 3has!ar
8t .atsya 6aran % t@<< % 0amodar #andit
rt 2u!mini )vamrar % t@t< % #oet arendra
Bt 0yanbodh % t@Br % .ishvanath 3alapur!ar
;t )ahyadrirarnan % t@Br % 1halo .yas
t 2udrapurrarnan % t@AB % arayan #andit
9oremost poetess
0harale vritten by Mahadamba from the Mahanubhar sect is a pi7uant poemt 5his poem has
,lorification of the Marathi language by 0nyaneshvar Mahara&
)aint 0nyaneshvar e'pressed his passionate pride and deep lore for the Marathi language in
guage is mature and
Ma:hya Marathachi bol !autu!e
>Admire my Marathi language
6e has glorified the Marathi language in such vordst Mu!undra& and )aint 0nyaneshvar are
of
rotional !novledge and renunciationt 5his boo! is
)aint amder
vas famous among the /ar!ari sect as a transcendental derotee of Cord
5he phrase 3har1arita >sentimental poems? is used in Marathi literature in the conte't of

a special mention vith respect to this mi'ed form of
)aintly poetesses
)aintly poetesses li!e Mu!ta3ai, (ana3ai, 3ahina3ai, )oyra3ai, irmala, 3hagu and
Mu!ta3ai-s moc!ing Abhanga composition
Mungi Ddali A!ashiM 5ine ,ilile )urya)hi
>5he Ant flies tovards the s!yM )he svallovs the )un?
and her Abhang composition
Ma&rari daya !araM 5ati Dghada 0nyaneshvar
>6are mercy on meM *pen the door, 0nyaneshvar?
are both famoust
Mu!tai e'horts one to rise abore the materialistic lerel and recognise the all%perrading
3eing and in simple vords e'plains the oneness, the Adraita
(ana3ai-s composition
.itho ma:ha le!urralaM )ange le!urancha melara
>My Cord .itthal is childli!eM $hildren are dravn tovards him?
paints a picture of the /ar!ari sect-s derotional sentimentst
6er Abhang composition
0oicha padar ala !handyarariM 3harlya ba:ari &ain me
>5he head corer has fallen to the shoulderM I vill renture into the crovded mar!et?
is e'tremely inciting and a sentimental burst of vomanly emotionst
)oyrabai-s Abhanga composition
2angi rangala )hrirangaM Aragha rang e! :hala
>5he Cord plays vith coloursM nov there is but one colour?
is still heard vith e7ual relish todayt
0ifferent constructions are risible in the compositions of )aint #oetessest 5hese acted as
#anditi arly? poetry
5u!aram Mahara& is considered the last poet of the /ar!ari sectt In the subse7uent century
irruttit 5he poems of this era progress from .airagya
In the era preceding this, )hahiri >3alladL#oet%)inger? poetry reached the pea!s of
)hahiri d? poetry
5he mention of )hahiri poetry instantly brings up the tvo forms of this poetry, vhich are

5his ancient Marathi poetry is distinctly segregated by the vor!s of )ant >)aintly?, #ant
ult 5he literature e'plored and displayed different
Cater in tAtA the end of freedom rendered Marathi poetry listlesst 3ut it vas rerired again in
$ontemporary Marathi poetry
5he era betveen tAA; and te@< is important vith respect to contemporary Marathi poetryt
had
ined the term aesthetics aimed at proriding an account of
$ontemporary poetry vas initiated in tAAB through .ishnu Moreshvar Maha&an-s poem
of
1esharsut + 5he father of contemporary Marathi #oetry
1esharsut-s vas the first generation that studied the "nglish language, and vas influenced by

3efore 1esharsut, the sub&ects of Marathi poetry vere restricted to ,ods and derotion, ethics%
3har,eet >sentimental songs? vas the true field of
tt mi'ed perception of sentimental songs
nate feelings
1esharsut vent against established practices in Marathi poetry through meaningfulness and
ya,
arayan .aman 5ila! vas another important poet of 1esharsut-s timest 3ut poet 3al1ari
3al1ari-s poetry displays a deep influence of aestheticst A deep lore of nature, inescapable
,orind2a& alias 2am ,anesh ,ad!ari is another important poet in contemporary Marathi
enciest
Along vith these poets, other poets li!e 0atta, Madharanu&, 2engal!ar, 3t agesh 2ahal!ar,
ds strengthening contemporary Marathi
9reedom fighter .inaya! 0amodar )avar!ar
5hough creation of literature had a secondary place in )avar!ar-s life, his name has been
tion,
3has!ar 2amchandra 5ambe
5ambe vrote e'tremely attractire songs of affectiont 6is poems vere characteri:ed by
te@< H ter 5he second phase of contemporary Marathi poetry
5his phase of contemporary Marathi poetry is brimming vith a rariety of tendencies, up%
2ari!iran Mandal
2ari!iran Mandal >society? has an important place in contemporary Marathi poetryt Madhar
painted a realistic picturet Madhar(ulian, #oet ,irish, and
#t 1t #ra1e Atre alias 1eshar1umar-s moc!ing poem Khenduchi #hule became famous in this
audhary, .t 3t 1olte, t ,t 0eshpande, #oet Anand-s songs also need
#oet Anil
#oet Anil has a lion-s share in ma!ing the flov of Marathi poetry modern and fastt 6is
anga,
f path in Marathi poetryt
t ,t 0eshpande is also and important poett #oetry aficionados became fren:ied vith glee on
Anant 1ane!ar-s collection of poems $handrat ani itar !arita also receired immense
3t3t d 1usumagra&
5hese are tvo important poets from the decade te8B H rBt "ntranced vith the beauty of
i3aab?
#oet .t .t .i.a )hirvad!ar alias 1usumagra& vas 3a!i3aab-s peert 1usumagra& tried to
his
, )vagat, Marathi rersion of Meghdoot are also
#roponent of nev%age poetry+ 3t)t
A great change is risible in Marathi poetry-s perception since terBt 5he era initiated by
from the aesthetic poems of his era and the one preceding hist
.t2t .a2a 1ant is the current aesthetic poet from Marathvadat 6is poems .elanti,
ManMohan is also an important poett )han!ar .aidya published his poems under the pen
5he age from ter to te;< is considered as the era of nev%age poetryt 3a)i Mardhe!ar vas the
yle that they vere comfortable vitht 3ut 3apat, #adgar!ar,
Marathi #oetesses
Indira )ant, #adma, )an&irini Marathe, )hanta )hel!e started vriting poetry during the time
#oetry from the )i'ties
5here are tvo important eras of Marathi literature after independenceM ter to te;< and the
vere the tvo subrersire streams that emerged in literature,
Manohar *a! >
he
0alit #oetry
0alit poetry of the si'ties has a bac!ground from pre%independence timest 0alit poetry of the
!t 0aya #avar
arayan )urre
)urre is a capable and talented poet vho came up through the vor!er class of a metropolis
1amgar ahe me, talapti talvar
rd?
)arasratanno thodasa gunha !arnar ahe
>* ye scholars I am going to commit a small crime?
so saying he presented the voes of the vor!er classt
Aisa ga me 3hrama, Ma:he .idyapeeth and (aharnama are three of his important collection of
*ther than these )uresh 3hat, ,race, Anand 4adar, Arati #rabhu, #urushottam #atil, )han!ar
r? introduced a !een emotional element in poetry vhich had been more intellectual until
)uresh 3hat vrote Marathi poems in the form of 3har,eet and ,a:halst 6e nerer tied himself

due to their fiery nature, are generally popular
Mani! ,odghate-s >!novn by the pen name ,race? poems vere defined by arresting imagery,
y that e'pressed intense but rague e'periences of apathy and sadnesst
Arati #rabhu >$t5t 1hanol!ar? is another important poet of the si'tiest 5he author ,angadhar
g
2oy 1ini!ar-s 2atra and Dttaratra are also important collection of poemst
#t)t
#oetic emotions, uninhibited and artistic celebration of the sensuous appeal of the feminine
asra#a!shi, )hri4al, are his important collection of poemst
5he trio of .in0a 1arandi!ar, .asant 3apat and Mangesh #adgaon!ar successfully
.t0t r
n of poems )vedganga vas published in teret 6is poems 1irtan,
6is poems can be lin!ed vith nev%age poetry due to his free form style and compositions that
.asant 3apat
Core, patriotism, social consciousness, and description of nature are the primary sub&ects of
Mangesh #adgaon!ar
ature and lore are #adgaon!ar-s farorite sub&ectst 6is collection of poems S0hararutyaS,
'pressions characteri:ed his poems and avarded him a place of importance in Marathi
)adananad 2ege, )haradhchandra Mu!tibodh, Indira )ant are other important poets of this
ihilism entered Marathi poetry through nev%age poetryt 5he poetry of si'ties sees this
re
r these poems hare a free form and style and an imagery of a nev vorldt
Many poets proliferated in the decade from the serenties to the eightiest ,urunath )amant,
teB vas the International /omen-s 4ear and B to AB the International /omen-s decadet
"ren the current century of @<<< finds nev thoughts and ideas being introduced into Marathi
Coo!ing at the history of Marathi poetry vhich is a century old, one finds &ust orer a t<< H t@B
2eferences
4adar1alin Marathi 1arya )ami!sha Irle!ar )uhasini, 0hara #ra!ashan , Aurangabad,
#rachin 1arya)hastra 1angle 2t#t, Mau& #ra!ashan, Mumbai, ter
Aristolche 1arya)hastra 1arandi!ar ,t .t, Mau& #ra!ashan, Mumbai,
Arrachin Marathi 1arya 0arshan 1ale A!shay1umar, 3anhatti #ra!ashan, agpur,
1arita 1usumagra&anchi 1ale A!shay1umar, )ahitya #rasar 1endra,
Adhuni! Marathi 1arita+ 1ahi 2upe, 1ul!arni ,t Mt, Mehta #ublishing 6ouse, #une,
Madharrao #atvardhan $hune!ar )t2t, Mau& #ra!ashan, Mumbai, te8
)atthotari Marathi 1Arita .a 1ari (adhar 2t ,t , )a!et #ra!ashan, Aurangabad, tee<
Adhuni! Marathi 1ariyatricnchi (adhar 2t,t, #ratima #ra!ashan, #une, tee;
Arrachin Marathi 1arya (og 2t , Mumbai )ahitya )angha, Mumbai, ter;
1arite.ishayi 0agha!e .asant Aba&i, )varup #ra!ashan,
,eetaman 5endul!ar 2amesh, .ishvaMohini #ra!ashan,
3al1arinchi 1arita+ 5een )andarbha 5endul!ar 2amesh, Mau& #ra!ashan, Mumbai,
1esharsut + #ach $hintani!a #andit 3t, Maharashtra #ra!ashan, Amrarati,
Adhuni! Marathi 1arita #andit 3t, )urichar #ra!ashan, agpur, te;A
$handorachana #atvardhan Madharrao, 1arnata! #ublishing
1arya ani 1aryodaya #atvardhan .t3t, #ublisher% Mt2t(oshi, #une, te@t
Modern Indian Citerature, an 1tMt,eorge
Marathi #oetry
Marathi orel
#relude
In tAB, 3aba #adam&i vrote a norel
o
delirer a messaget 5he norel
5he ne't prominent author to carry forvard the tradition of the norel vas Ca!shmanshastri
1a!oda!ar, 4ogini (ogale!ar, 1usum Abhyan!ar and many
5rend of fictional norels
2t 3t ,un&i!ar published his norel al
rap, and )hri!ant )in!ar folloved this
5here vere about << norels published during tAr H te@<t 3efore 6ari arayan Apte >itet
can be gleaned from some titles, %
At the same time those vho learned "nglish vere influenced by the "nglish literaturet 9iction
name some H )eamstress vas translated as
3efore 6ari arayan Apte >tAe? a norel vritten by Mahadeo .itthal 2ahal!ar is particularly
,enre of social and historical norels
5he Indian ational $ongress vas established in tAABt ationalistic thoughts became
on social
,roving popularity of norels
0ue to the norels of 6aribhau Apte norel as literature became rery populart 5o satiate the
After arayan 6ari Apte many authors vrote fiction dealing vith social problems li!e
them can be listed here H 0var!anath Madhar $hitale alias
#rofessor arayan )eetaram #hada!e vas a rery popular Marathi norelist vith a strong
lar fiction vritert Many of his norels%
$ontemporary to #roft #hada!e vas .t )t 1hande!ar vas another Marathi norelistt 6is first
Along vith #hada!e and 1hande!ar ,t 5t Mad!hol!ar vas also a successful norelistt 6is
All the abore named norelists made the reader avare of progressire and modern thin!ing
l for social education and upliftment of the society
Modernistic norels
After te8< a vare of modern thin!ing vas rery prominently being spread in Maharashtrat At
,eeta )ane, Maltibai 0ande!ar, 1rushnabai More, )aro&ini 3abar and others vere also vriting
t It reflected changed enrironments in the society due to vide spread
/estern influence
5he influence of vestern vay of life vas being videly accepted and vas erident in the
flessness,
$ontemporary themes
Afterte;< Marathi norel depicts reality and modern ralues in life todayt 5he matter in it is
o
After teA<, man%voman relationship and vomen-s changing life style are dealt vith by ,auri
eration vomen vriters li!e Meghana #ethe and 1arita Maha&ant
Marathi #oetry
Marathi )tory
Pre6independence %arathi Story6Tradition
1atha tories are an important and basic constituent of the Marathi Citeraturet *rer the

(ata!a 1atha ! lore?, yan, Mahabharat, short stories,
0uring the height of the 3ritish rule in India, Marathi story vriting constituted mostly of
vas started by 1ing )arfo&i of 5an&arart 6e vrote
0uring the "nglish rule, story literature had a predominance of fantastic and romantic !ind of
c7uiring independence on one hand and social upliftment on
,ur&ar compiled 6aribhau-s the form of a
self%sacrificing
3etveen te@< toter< there vas a rapid change in the social and family lires of the peoplet /ith
t Adult marriages became preralentt /riters li!e
5he vor!s of Ca!shman )ardesai, ,t Ct 5ho!al and 2t.t 0ighe hare a strong influence of t $t
3t 2aghunath-s stories gire us a picture of the lires of the people of Marathavadat )imilarly,
h his many stories .aman $horghade
#ost%independence #eriod of Marathi )tory /riting
After the )econd /orld /ar, the purpose of e'pressing through literature undervent a change
tesh Madgud!ar, )hantaram, )adanand 2ege, 0t 3t Mo!ashi
Around te;<, nev perspectires created by these norels got establishedt 3ut along vith that a
f art creationt In
5he plot, character%s!etch, atmosphere, representation and language in )t 0t #anval!ar-s
/riters li!e )t t avare, Achyut 3arre and Mangesh #ad!i need special mention for
Ci!e the rural stories, 0alit stories also offer an insight to the lires of society-s dovntrodden
language of a strugglet 6istorically spea!ing, 0alit
3aburao 3agul-s vritings start a nev era in the 0alit literaturet 3agul vrote stories that gare
s that bestoved a nev dimension to the Marathi literary traditiont
/omen-s )tory /riting
In the post te;<s, vomen-s vriting vas a forceful stream of literatureM e'pressing a nev
modern liberated vomen, shoving the vorld from a voman-s point to
0uring this period vomen vrote a rariety of stories of vhich ve can hare a brief rerievt
reached out to a large multitude through her
.i&aya 2a&adhya!sha-s vor! shovs the changing self%consciousness and nev avareness
man through
s through use of restrained prose vhich became her characteristic stylet .asudha #atil
Asha 3age-s stories are serious in nature, artful and rery indiridualistict ,auri 0eshpande-s
riencest )he offers a feminist and cosmopolitan riev but
Marathi literary tradition is further enriched by the depiction of modernity in the vor!s of
9antasy >occult?, science fiction and humorous vriting add further rariety to the Marathi
$hanging times hare made the literary creation multi%faceted as one can see in the Marathi
a nev story
Marathi #oetry
Marathi 5heatre
&ntroduction
5heatre is an art form considered to be a rery rich aspect of the Indian culturet 5he first
"ra of 9arcical plays % the springboard for social drama
Along vith 3hare-s mythological plays, light%hearted farcical plays portraying the social life of
"ra of musical plays
!nnasaheb Dirlos$ar
/hen Marathi drama companies vere busy doing entertainment of the Marathi drama lorers
s born
"ra of social drama
Goind Callal Deal
5he years betveen tAAB and te@< vere rery productire in terms of the 7uality and the
s, directors and actorst *n the forefront vas ,orind 3allal 0eral vith epic plays li!e
Shripad Drishna Dolhat$ar
1olhat!ar vas the most influential theatre figure in the post%0eral erat A nev era began in
n by 1olhat!ar are
$ontemporary relerance of plays
Drishna,i Prabha$ar Dhadil$ar
A rery ambitious theatre person in nature, 1hadil!ar lent beauty and might to the Marathi
6is play
eatres for
-am Ganesh Gad$ari
A playvright vho considered 1olhat!ar to be his guru, 2am ,anesh ,ad!ari folloved suit by
imt
Sawar$ar
)avar!ar-s three plays
issuest
C0 +0 (%ama* (arer$ar
Mama /arer!ar, as he vas fondly !novn, started vriting plays in tetr and continued vriting
i theatre orer that periodt 6is earlier plays
Influences of modern media and vorld theatre
5he Marathi theatre morement undervent a slump after te@B than!s to the groving influence
re
re group called
P0 D0 !tre
5he years betveen te88 and ter8 are said to be the Atre Age of Marathi theatret 6is first play
nt Atre vrote many plays after that namely
%0 G0 -angne$ar
2angne!ar founded his ovn theatre group called
Post6&ndependence
0oosra #eshva r vrote
e
#t Ct > also vrote interesting plays li!e
3aban #rabhu vrote farcical plays in the same periodt
5he li!es of 3al 1olhat!ar and Madhusudan 1alel!ar became vell !novn for their family
sands of shovs of 1olhat!ar-s
Around the mid%si'ties norelists and litterateurs li!e ,t t 0ande!ar, .yan!atesh Madgul!ar
Modern day Marathi 5heatre
5he decade betveen teBB and te;B sav Marathi drama open nev arenues for itself vith the
e,
Danet$ar
.asant 1anet!ar set a nev benchmar! as a commercial theatre playvright vith the 7uality of
+i,ay Tendul$ar
5he first playvright responsible to ta!e Marathi plays beyond the frontiers of Maharashtra
New Trends
(ayvant 0alri made the commercial audiences vatch plays and thin! about them differently
5he generation of playvrights that folloved included names li!e Mahesh "l!unchvar, )atish
)atish Ale!ar brought freshness into Marathi theatre vith his one%act plays li!e
Ddhvasta 0harmashala t #t 0eshpande vas staged first in tert 5his play is
t a fev other important plays vritten and staged in the <s vere
Important plays vritten after teAB include
2a&ir ai! has also vritten theoretical boo!s on Marathi theatret
5he amount of theatre that is being done on the commercial as vell as parallel stage in
e of
-eferences )
vvvtartists%indiatcom