Dipartimento Energia

Dipartimento Energia
Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 10129 Torino Italia
fax: +39 011.090.4599


Solution to Applied Lecture 2
Fundamentals of thermal and hydraulic machines and fluid power

1)



Water is admitted along the axis of the machine and is definitely driven by the cross section of the
stator blades. Thus water outflows from the stator with an absolute velocity c
1
along the direction
set by the blades (45).

We can calculate the tangential velocity u:
m/s 60
2
d
u = =

Continuity equation between the stator inlet and outlet sections states:
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
sin c l d sin c l d m = =
Where:
const. =
const. d =
const. l =





Dipartimento Energia






Dipartimento Energia
Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 10129 Torino Italia
tel: +39 011.090.4400/7100 fax: +39 011.090.4499/7199
const. = (uncompressible fluid)

The velocity axial component keeps constant throughout the machine:

m/s 50 c sin c sin c
0 0 0 1 1
= = =
70.71m/s
sin
c
c
1
0
1
= =

The rotor inlet relative velocity can be found by subtracting the blade speed u from the absolute
velocity c
1
:
u c w
1 1

=
m/s 50 c w
1a 1a
= = , m/s 10 u c w
1u 1u
= =
m/s 50.99 w w w
2
1u
2
1a 1
= + =
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
= 101.31
w
w
arcsin
1
1a
1





Dipartimento Energia






Dipartimento Energia
Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 10129 Torino Italia
tel: +39 011.090.4400/7100 fax: +39 011.090.4499/7199
o1
|1
w1
u
+
c1


According to the schematic, the water outflows from the rotor blades with a relative velocity
directed at 45 with respect to tangential direction. Taking the positive convention into account:

=135
2


Considering that the axial component of the velocity keeps constant, w
2
is symmetrical to c
1
:

m/s 0.71 7 c w
1 2
= =
m/s 0.99 5 w c
1 2
= =
= = 78.69
1 2





Dipartimento Energia






Dipartimento Energia
Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 10129 Torino Italia
tel: +39 011.090.4400/7100 fax: +39 011.090.4499/7199
u
c2
w2
|2
o2
o1
|1
w1
u
+
c1


Using the sign convention for motor machines:
( ) ( ) J/kg 2400 cos c cos c u c c u u c u c L
2 2 1 1 u2 u1 2 u2 1 u1 i
= = = =

The point at which the two possible behaviors of the machine are differentiated leads to:
0 L
i
= ,
u2 u1
c c =
u
w1w2
+
c1c2

( ) m/s 100 180 cos w cos c u
2 2 1 1
= + =
rad/s 400
d
2u
= =