Lecture 9

Digital television
Set-Top-Box Architecture

• Set-Top-Boxes
• Hardware
• Software

• Some extras
• Hierarchical constellations
• Diversity reception

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 Zarlink semiconductor
Z10310/11 DVB-T Receiver
388 Pin PBGA

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 Sci-worx
FEC_SA DVB-S FEC

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 LSI Logic

L64782 COFDM Receiver

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 Comtech
AHA4210 FEC

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 Digital TV back end

OK, we have the Transport Stream TS (from front end)

Note TS is exactly the same for DVB-C/S/T

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 Demux of TS

• Construct Program Association Table (PAT), Program Map

Table (PMT), Network Information Table (NIT),
and Conditional Access Table (CAT)
• Extract compressed video
• Extract compressed audio
• Extract other data (MHP, Supertext, subtitles, conditional acces)

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 Handling the data

Video stream decompression

Audio stream decompression

Teletext display

Program information display

MHP functions

Other interfaces (return channel)

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 Exmple ST20 based

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 Philips: Viper: Multiprocessor SOC for
STB

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 Philips: Viper: Multiprocessor SOC for
STB

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 Geode STB development platform

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 STB architecture example SoC

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 STB architecture example

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 STB architecture example

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 PC Cards:

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 STB Software
Functions:

Hardware
tuner, demux, MPEG decode
Drivers
Operating system
Depending on processor,
Linux, Windows, Unix, OS20, VxWorks...
Middle Ware
MediaHigway, OpenTV, WinCE
Applications
By STB vendors

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 Special needs for STB software

Limited input devices (remote control, a few buttons)

Limited output resolution (TV screen)

Easy of use VERY imporant

In general: STB market VERY price sensitive

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 Set-top boxes

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 Microsoft TV

Interactive program guide

Advertising, VOD, PPW

TV Server

TV Advanced

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 MicrosoftTV

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 Open TV

Example: EPG

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 Open TV MHP Package 1.0

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 Extras: Diversity receiver

• Gaussian channel: Direct-path + echoes

• E.g. stationary roof-top antenna

• Rayleigh channel: Only echoes

• Typical in portable/mobile receivers

• Problems:
• Fades: Some subcarriers are faded -> OK (COFDM)
• Deep-fades / flat fading: large number of carriers lost -> ?
• Doppler spread: Orthogonality is lost ->
• Inter carrier interference / ”FFT-leakage”

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 Extras: Diversity receiver

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 Extras: Diversity receiver
ρ1(k)} Complex attentuation
σ1(k) Noise at channel k

ESTIMATION

CALCULATION
CHANNEL
ANTENNA 1
Estimation of

METRICS
DEMOD
{ ρ1(k)}, { σ1(k)}

OFDM
TUNER

CAN
Portable or {x 1(k)}
Mobile

MRC
Multipath {x2(k)}

CALCULATION
Channel
ANTENNA 2

ESTIMATION
DEMOD

METRICS
CHANNEL
OFDM
TUNER

Estimation of
CAN

{ ρ2(k)}, { σ2(k)}

SOURCE DECODING EXTERNAL DECODING INTERNAL DECODING

(MPEG2) (RS CODE) (SOFT VITERBI ALGORITHM)

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 Extras: Diversity receiver

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 Extras: Diversity receiver

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 Hierarchical constellations

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