Name :K.L.I.M.P.B.

Jayarathna
Index No : 120240E
Department : Electrical Engineering
Group : G-22

Date of Performance : 10/07/2014

Date of Submission :7/08/2014

Instructed by : Miss M.P.Manikdiwela



CALCULATIONS
R = Armature Resistance + Field Resistance
= 1.4 + 0.6
= 2.0

Radius of Pulley= r =

= 0.115 m =11.5cm

For the First Observation

W = 28 lbs w = 6.6 lbs
= 28 x 0.453 = 6.6 x 0.453
= 12.684 kg = 2.989 kg

Torque (T) = (W-w) x g x r where W = Weight on the pan in kg
w = Reading of the spring
balance at speed N
r
in kg
T = (12.684 2.989) x 9.81 x 0.115
= 10.9374 Nm
Electrical Input = VI = 200 x 13
= 2600 W
Mechanical Output = N
r
x T) / 60
= (2 x x 1840 x 10.9374) /60
= 2107.47 W
Copper loss = RI
2
= 2x 13
2

= 338W
Efficiency = (Mechanical Output / Electrical Input) x 100 %
= (2107.47/ 2600) x 100 %
= 81.06 %
Mechanical loss = Electrical Input - Mechanical Output - Copper loss
Mechanical loss = 2600 2107.47 - 338= = 154.53 W


Converting lbs to Kilogram
1lbs = 0.453kg
N
r
= Speed of the motor in rpm

OBSERVATIONS (In respective units)

V(v) I(A) N
r
(rpm) W(kg) w(kg)
200 13.0 1840 12.684 2.989
196 14.2 1760 14.496 3.624
196 15.0 1660 16.308 3.986
195 15.8 1600 18.120 4.530
194 16.6 1540 19.932 4.983
194 18.0 1420 23.103 5.436
192 18.2 1400 24.009 5.979
192 18.6 1360 24.915 6.070

CALCULATED VALUES
Electrical
Input (W)
Torque(Nm) Mechanical
Output (W)
Copper loss
(W)
Mechanical
Loss (W)
Efficiency
(%)
2600 10.9374

2107.47 338 154.53 81.06
2783.2 12.2653 2260.57 403.28 119.35 81.22
2940 13.9011 2416.49 450 73.51 82.19
3081 15.3316 2568.83 499.28 12.89 83.38
3220.4 16.8647 2719.74 551.12 -50.46 84.45
3492 19.9310 2963.78 648 -119.78 84.87
3494.4 20.3405 2982.08 662.48 -150.16 85.34
3571.2 21.2599 3027.82 691.92 -148.54 84.78


SPEED Vs. TORQUE
Speed (rpm) Torque (Nm)
1840 10.9374
1760 12.2653
1660 13.9011
1600 15.3316
1540 16.8647
1420 19.9310
1400 20.3405
1360 21.2599








0
5
10
15
20
25
1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900
T
o
r
q
u
e

(
N
m
)

Speed (rpm)
Speed vs Torque
TORQUE Vs. ARMATURE CURRENT


Torque (Nm) Armature Current (A)
10.9374 13.0
12.2653 14.2
13.9011 15.0
15.3316 15.8
16.8647 16.6
19.9310 18.0
20.3405 18.2
21.2599 18.6




0
5
10
15
20
25
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
T
o
r
q
u
e

(
N
m
)

Armature Current (A)
Torque vs Armature Current
SPEED vs ARMATURE CURRENT


Speed (rpm) Armature Current (A)
1840 13.0
1760 14.2
1660 15.0
1600 15.8
1540 16.6
1420 18.0
1400 18.2
1360 18.6



1100
1300
1500
1700
1900
2100
2300
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
S
p
e
e
d

(
r
p
m
)

Armature Current(A)
Speed vs Armature Current

EFFICIENCY Vs ARMATURE CURRENT


Efficiency (%) Armature Current (A)
81.06 13.0
81.22 14.2
82.19 15.0
83.38 15.8
84.45 16.6
84.87 18.0
85.34 18.2
84.78 18.6







10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
80.5 81 81.5 82 82.5 83 83.5 84 84.5 85 85.5 86
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
(
%
)

Armature Current (A)
Efficiency Vs Armature Current
COPPER LOSS Vs. ARMATURE CURRENT
Copper Loss (W) Armature Current (A)
338 13.0
403.28 14.2
450 15.0
499.28 15.8
551.12 16.6
648 18.0
662.48 18.2
691.92 18.6



0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
C
o
p
p
e
r

L
o
s
s

Armature Current (A)
Copper Loss vs Armature Current
MECHANICAL LOSS Vs. SPEED

Mechanical Loss (W) Speed (rpm)
154.53 1840
119.35 1760
73.51 1660
12.89 1600
-50.46 1540
-119.78 1420
-150.16 1400
-148.54 1360



-200
-100
0
100
200
1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
c
a
l

L
o
s
s

(
W
)

Speed (rpm)
Mechanical Loss Vs Speed
DISCUSSION

1)Performance Characteristics of a DC Series Motor
As almost all motors, DC motor operates on the magnetic field induced by the field winding in
the stator, interacting with the amateur winding in the rotor. (In small motors usually this
magnetic field is provided by a permanent magnet)
Usually Motors are used to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy. Based on methods of
windings, there are three types of DC Motors. They are;
1. Shunt excited Dc Motors
2. Series excited DC Motors
3. Compound excited DC Motors

Shunt Excited DC motors-The field windings are parallelly to the
armature. The current through the shunt field winding is not the
same current going through armature

Series excited DC Motors-since field winding is connected in
series with the armature ,series field winding carries the armature
current

Compound excited DC Motors-This has two field windings;
one of winding connected in parallelly to armature
the other winding connected in series with armature
There are two types of compound motor connections. When the
shunt field winding is directly connected across the armature
terminals, it is called short-shunt connection. When the shunt
winding is connected that it shunts the series combination of
armature and series field, it is called long-shunt connection
Main Characteristics of a DC series Motor

Torque and Armature current characteristic (T/I)
This can be shown using a curve between armature torque T
a
and
armature current I
a
of a DC Motor.
also referred as electrical characteristic of the motor.
The amount of torque that can be produced by the shaft depends on
the current passing through it (torque is proportional to the square
of the armature current.)


Speed and armature current characteristic (N
r
/I)
It is the curve between speed N
r
and armature current I
a
of a DC
motor.
in an occation of selecting type of a motor to a perticular perpose
this would be an deciding factor


Speed and torque characteristic (N
r
/T)
can be shown using a curve between speed N and armature torque
T of a d.c. motor.
also referred as mechanical characteristic


2)APPLICATIONS
DC series motors are widely used in cases where a high torque is required, but not a great
speed. Because these motors are able to create high starting torques at low speed and it can be
used to accelerate very heavy loads from stand still. Some applications are,
Driving cranes
Steel rolling mils
Electric locomotives
Power tools ( hand drills, saws, power screwdrivers)

A series wound DC motor normally drives loads that require high torque and do not require
precise speed regulation they are ideal for traction work where the load requires a high
breakaway torque. Such uses include locomotives, hoists, cranes, automobile starters, or oil
drilling rig applications. Auto mobile starters are very good example of that,
the DC series motors not using for long period of time. In a starting motor of a vehicle, it can
abstract around 500A within a second, while starting the vehicle. Also DC series motors are used
to drive trains, because they provide the required torque and horsepower to get massive amounts
of weight moving.
Also DC series motors can work in AC current, therefore it is an universal motor.
Shunt motors are mostly used in cases where the speed and tension control are critical,
therefore these motors are used in machine shop lathes, and industry process lines etc.



Applications of Shunt excited dc motors

These have fairly constant speeds against a varying load or torque. Therefore applications
include situations where a constant speed is required.
E.g. Lathes, Conveyors, Fans, Machine tool drives

Applications of Compound excited dc motors

These have Combine characteristics of both shunt and series wound motors. The series winding
gives good starting torque and shunt winding ensures a comparatively constant speed.
E.g. Planers, Shears, Guillotines, Printer machines, Power presses which needs peak
loads at certain