15-6 I E S LIGHTING HANDBOOK

3. It has been suggested that twelve 0.04-watt glow lamps, one located
at each hour position, would illuminate a background against which the
hands could be seen in silhouette. (See Fig. 15-5c.)
Indicator Panels, Annunciators, and Switchboards
Telephone switchboard. The
T-2 bulb, slide-base lamps, com-
monlyknown as telephone switch-
board lamps, are used for a
variety of purposes in a telephone
switchboard. (See Fig. 15-6.) In
most instances the lamp functions
in conjunction with other pieces
of equipment and hence its design
is controlled by the circuit charac-
teristics. These lamps are made
with ratings in the range from 4
to 60 volts and in several different
current ranges . Usually they are
used behind small glass jewels
or printed paper strips. Lamp
characteristics are fixed by the
original design of the board, and
it appears that improved jewels
and paper tape offer the greatest
potential for immediate increases
in signal brightness.
Elevator annunciator. Many elevators in large buildings use miniature
lamps not only in the car to indicate its position but on a supervisory board
in the lobby, to aid the starter. These lamps are made with T-3 bulbs,
and have a miniature screw base and a rating from 10 to 32 volts. The
14-, 18-, and 24-volt, 0.17-ampere lamps are the most common.
Hospital annunciator. A low-voltage call system is used in many large
hospitals. Voltages between 6 ard 36 volts are encountered, though 24
volts is standard for new installations. Most lamps used on these circuits
have a G-6 bulb and a candelabra screw base or single-contact-bayonet
candelabra base.
Tools and Instruments
Tools. Many kinds of miniature lamps are employed in industry.
Some are used as inspection lights for small cavities. The T-lf bulb,
midget-screw-base lamps are suitable for extremely small inspection
lights. They are available with 2.5- and 6-volt ratings. These lamps are
less than
\
inch in diameter, and are mechanically strong. Others
are used to test the potential or continuity of circuits and (on d-c circuits)
glow lamps indicate polarity. They may be incorporated in screw
drivers, plumb bobs, or wrenches. A 1-candlepower lamp provides an
illumination level of more than 100 footcandles on surfaces 1 inch from
the filament.
FIG. 15-6. Telephone switchboard
panel. Lighted lamps indicate condition
of circuits.