BO CO TH NGHIM
IN T HC TNG T V NG DNG
LAB 1
DIODE CHARACTERISTICS
NHM 9
Trn Hng Giang 40900681
inh Anh Bo 60900131
Lm Ngc Qu 21102833
PART1: DIODE V-I CHARACTERISTICS
1.1. Build the circuit shown in Fig. 1-1 using the 1N4149 diode and a 1k resistor. Vary
V1 from 0 to 10V in appropriate intervals to obtain enough data points to plot the Forward
Bias V-I Characteristic of the diode.
1.2. Measure and record the voltage across the diode (VD) and the current (ID) for each
data point.
V1 (V) 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
V(V) 0 0.486 0.573 0.593 0.604 0.612 0.618 0.623 0.627 0.630 0.633
I (mA) 0 0.014 0.423 0.901 1.385 1.873 2.363 2.857 3.348 3.840 4.332
V1 (V) 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10
V (V) 0.633 0.636 0.639 0.641 0.643 0.645 0.647 0.649 0.650 0.652 0.653
I (mA) 4.332 4.826 5.319 5.813 6.307 6.801 7.295 7.789 8.284 8.778 9.273
1.3. In order to measure the Reverse Bias V-I Characteristic of the diode, swap the direction
or polarity of the diode and replace R1 with a 1M resistor as shown in Fig. 1-2. Sweep the
power supply from 0 to 20V in increments of 2V. Record the voltage drops across D1 and
the current (ID) for each data point.
V1(V) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
V(V)
0 -2 -3.99 -5.99 -7.99 -9.99 -12 -14 -16 -18 -20
I (nA)
0 -2.1 -4.09 -6.09 -8.09 -10.1 -12.1 -14.1 -16.1 -18.1 -20.1
1.4. Use the measurements in 1.2 and 1.3 to sketch the V-I Characteristic of the diode.
1.5. Derive the exponential model parameters IS and n for your diode based on two or
more of your data points.
S dng cng thc:
.
1
D
T
V
V n
D S
I I e
| |
= |
|
\ .
( 25 )
T
V mV ~
Thay s liu t bng 1.2 vo cng thc trn, v gii h phng trnh (Bng Matlab) Ta
c:
(V
D1
,I
D1
) = (645 , 680.1) (mV, mA)
(V
D2
,I
D2
) = (647 , 729.5) (mV, mA)
Ta tm c n = 1,532 v
S
I = 1,425.10
-7
A
-0.002
0
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
V-I
1.6. Compare the three diode models including, the constant voltage drop model, the
piece-wise linear model, and the exponential model and answer the following questions.
(1) Based on your data, what voltage would you use for a constant voltage drop model
at a diode current of 5mA?
M hnh in p ri l hng s, ng c tuyn ca diode c dng:
Da vo bng d liu 1.2 ti i
d
= 5mA , v
d
< 0.653 V nn ta chn v
d
= 0 mV cho m
hnh in p ri l hng s.
(2)For a piece-wise linear model, what values would you use for VD0 and rD, at a
current of 5mA?
M hnh piece-wise linear, ng c tuyn ca diode c dng:
Da vo th 1.4 ta c V
D0
= 610 mV.
Ta c ng thng mu xanh c dc l
1/r
D
Ly 2 im t bng 1.2
(V
D1
,I
D1
) = (0,645 , 680.1) (V, mA)
(V
D2
,I
D2
) = (0,647 , 729.5) (mV, mA)
=
0,6470,645
729.5680.1
= 0,04 (m)
(3) How well do these models predict the diodes V-I behavior?
Ta thy cc m hnh trn d on gn chnh xc hnh dng th V-I.
(4) Are there any deviations from the model (e.g. at low currents or high currents)? What
are the trade-offs involved with each model? Accuracy? Ease of use? Etc.
Nhng m hnh ny c sai lch so vi thc t, mi m hnh c nhng u, nhc im
ring:
- Vi m hnh in p ri l hng s, s sai lch rt ln, V cng ln th sai lch cng
ln. Nhng m hnh n gin, d s dng.
- Vi m hnh tuyn tnh, s sai lch l tng i, V cng ln th sai lch cng b. M
hnh d s dng.
- Vi m hnh e m, s lch nh, nhng kh s dng do cng thc phc tp.
PART II: DIODE V-I CHARACTERISTICS (SWEEP METHOD)
The sweep method can be used to easily display the V-I characteristic of a diode using
an oscilloscope. Specialized instruments of this type are known as Curve Tracers. If a curve
tracer is available, you most certainly can use one for this part of the experiment.
2.1. Set up the circuit
2.2 Display the V-I characteristic of the diode on the Oscilloscope by selecting the
appropriate mode. Set Ch-1 to 200 mV/div and Ch-2 to 5 V/div or 10V/div so you will obtain
an appropriate characteristic curve of the 1N4004 diode. Sketch the curve.
2.3 In the circuit of Figure 1-3, remove the diode and replace it with the 1N5231B,
Zener diode. Connect the cathode to point A and the anode to point B. Repeat the
above steps in Part 2.2 above, making oscilloscope adjustments if necessary to obtain an
appropriate Zener characteristic curve. Sketch the waveform.
2.4 How are the V-I characteristics for the 1N4004 and 1N5231B similar? How do they
differ? Explain.
- Ging nhau: c tuyn ca Diode v Zener ging nhau khi phn cc thu., I = 0 khi
0<V<V
D
, I>0 khi V<V
D
- Khc nhau:
+ Diode khi phn cc ngc th I = 0 vi mi V < 0.
+ Diode Zener I = 0 khi 0 > V > V
z
, I > 0 khi V<V
z
PART III: DIODE SIGNAL PROCESSING
Clipping Circuit
Often, an input signal may contain large voltage spikes that are too large for sensitive
circuitry to process (e.g.. during a thunderstorm). In these cases, a signal clipping circuit
can be employed to prevent the input signal voltage from exceeding a particular value. 3.1
Build the diode circuit shown in Fig. 1-4.
3.1. Set up the circuit
Input and Output Waveforms
3.2 Set up the oscilloscope to view VIN on Channel 1 (A) and VOUT on Channel 2 (B).
Set the vertical scale to 2V/div for each channel. Set up the time base of the scope to show
at least one full cycle of the sine wave.
3.3 Sketch the input and output waveforms as shown on the oscilloscope. At what
voltage does the output signal clip?
- in th ct: V
ct
= 2.636 V
3.4 Adjust the 2V DC supply between 1 and 3 Volts while viewing the waveform.
Sketch the waveform and explain what you observe.
VDC = 1V
VDC = 1.5 V
Nhn xt: Ta thy in p ct tng dn khi ta tng gi tr ngun DC.
C s thay i l do trong mch ny, V
ct
=V
DC
+ 0,7
3.5 Change the display format of the oscilloscope to XY. This will display channel 1
(VIN) on the horizontal axis, and channel 2 (VOUT) on the vertical axis. The result will be
a plot of the Voltage Transfer Characteristic. Sketch the characteristic curve.
VDC = 2.5V VDC = 3V
3.6 Design a circuit to clip the signal at both +0.7Volts and -0.7Volts. Is a DC power
supply necessary for this design? Explain.
Ta thc hin mch nh sau:
Kt qu m phng:
Vi mch trn ta t hp 2 mch Diode mc thun v mc ngc mc song song. Khi
ta c 2 gi tr ct:
V
ct1
= V
DC
+ 0.7 v V
ct2
= -V
DC
- 0.7
Do c mch ct ti 0.7 V v -0.7 V ta cho V
DC
= 0 tc l khng cn ngun DC.
PART IV: DIODE SWITCHING FREQUENCY LIMITATIONS
Rectifying Circuit
Diodes are often used in circuits to convert Alternating Current (AC) into Direct Current
(DC). In these applications, the physical size (cross-sectional area) of the diode is increased
to handle the higher current levels. Diodes used for these applications are called rectifiers.
One trade-off for increasing the size of the diode is that maximum switching frequency of
the diode is reduced. This part of the lab investigates the switching frequency limitation of
a rectifier diode.
4.1 Build the diode circuit shown in Fig. 1-5.
Input and Output Waveforms
4.2 Set up the oscilloscope to view VIN on Channel 1 (A) and VOUT on Channel 2 (B).
Set the vertical scale to 2V/div for each channel. Also, set up the time base of the scope to
show at least one full cycle of the sine wave. Sketch the resulting waveforms. Is the diode
performing the rectifying function? Explain.
Gii thch: Khi V
1
>0
diode phn cc thun, cho
dng i qua R
1
, do
V
R1
>0. Khi V
1
<0 diode
phn cc ngc, khng cho
dng i qua R
1
, do
V
R1
=0. Vy Diode c chc
nng chnh lu.
4.3 Now increase the frequency of the signal from 100Hz to 1kHz, 10kHz, 100kHz, and
1MHz. Adjust the time base of the scope accordingly to constantly view at least two complete
cycles of the wave. Sketch the waveforms at each frequency. What happens to the output
voltage as frequency is increased? At what frequency does the 1N4004 diode cease to
operate as a rectifier?
f = 100Hz
f = 1kHz
f = 10kHz
f = 1MHz
f = 100kHz
- Khi tn s f=2.5kHz th th bt u sai lch, diode ngng hnh ng nh mt
chnh lu.
4.4 Using the V-I characteristic of the diode 1N4149 obtained in part 1, determine iD
and vD in the circuit of Fig. 1-5 graphically.
Theo bi 1.6, ta tnh c R
D
, in p ri V
0
Khi
0
.
D D D
v i R V = +
=>
0 D
D
D
v V
i
R
=
Mt khc:
1 1 D R
v v v =
=>
1 1
.
D D
v v i R =
=>
1 1
.
D
D
D
v
v v R
R
=
=>
1
1
1
1
.
1
D
D
D
D
v R
v v
R
R R
R
= =
+
+
f = 2.5 kHz
=>
1 0
0 1
0 1
1
.
D
D D
D
D D
D
D D
R
v V
v V R R
i
R R
V v
i
R R R
+
= =
=
+
