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 01
   
2007 2008
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  !'() *) V A = 60 m  V = 1 ,41  %  !" #

C A = 5 ,0 mol / m = 1 , 25 g

)* !89!7 !45 ! !< . ='>7<5

HI) C7 7 <5 E>F>5 B ='C85 . ?@A5


% ?@A N)  !" #!89!7 !45 !  LMK5 J5 J'4(5: J5A5

CH 3 CO 2 H + HCO3 CH 3 CO 2 + CO2 + H 2O
 NIAAU !(A5 E>F S
MA7 5>5 B ='C85 W'? 4(8 t JC(5
W8(85: 5A5
1 X8YU ?@ ) ?@A5
M A @?  %

?
2 _ U^<5 ? 8J9
(5 B *) . = 25 C
S^5 I5 ) J `8a
M!7d5 J  8? b85
. J7A5
3   J5 J`I5
B?@A'5 .
4 )* B 9 <A5 U5 !(A5 : 9
?@A85(5
<A5 . W4
e
 J5 !4<5 `8"5 M!7d5
 ) N JA85. JI A5
4 !d^ X dH W8(85 J5g7 E>h'5 "5 *)5g(5 : J5A5

C A = 3 ,0 mol / = 25 C
C A = 3 ,0 mol / = 20 C
M(Na)=23g/mol , M(H)=1g/mol , M(O)=16g/mol : CK
R=8,314m3.Pa.Kmol-1


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J9!5 zA J?M5 JIM857 J@KF Vair=340m/s : ! 5! 45 zA J?^
 !9!) *) salves K  76 z8 . Vmer (I5 ) J!45 !
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A *'57 *C
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H# 5I<A^ 8? (^!5 W'? J'K5 BC J(5 IAK(^! 7 EI) 5 B
. B 5

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NC<5 J!45 ! 9!5 y *) J
>AM5 J8)5 5 . tB tA J5g7
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: 5 J!45 ! 9!5 zA J?M5 J5A5 J
BK5 A< 2

V =

V air
d V air .

U K7e J5K) JC^!7 *7


. JMA) _M5 J5K5
X'A5 JIM857 (3
*'I<AM5* 7 J'Y@5 d  M5
CK5 J5K) K7 . t?I5
 ) =f(d) I5 W'? 4(
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: 5A5 dz5 W'?

1
1

Vair Veau
4(5 I5 dH '? 2 3
. '?
9!5) K5 I) 3 3
. (I5 ) J!45 ! J9!5 zA J?^ J
bA8A^ . '? 4(5 W8(8'5
. Vair=340m/s CK

= d

...
III (   K
9. (I5
U 5  J?^ UzA ! J9!5 ) J!45 . Veau=1,50.10 m/s(I5
!dA 5 g d^Bd5zA
K!7 (I5^ JC9!5 !A( ) *) J!45
?' t?7 W)9!'5 I<AM !  J!45 =200kHz9 '5
!A( JI ?'W
h J8 K5 JHH
K. (I5
^ 5 K 9!5 ! J!45^ 
KB (I5 ) )J8
) JA8  zA8! J9!5 J!455 8? . Veau J?M7CY) dK8 9(7
9 )* ! J9!5 J!45^ (!  (A7 . NI85 A5 J'? *7 8)5^
^I<A H# M *) *d . p =K5
(A 7 ?' S<AM) E W = !(5 zdA^g xx
K *) p <?(I5AJC<85
W5 ) B JC<85 9 tKI ( 3 dz5 zdA^g K 9!5 ! B J!45
) )MA) J8 
*d . J !7^ JC^ SU7UA5 5 *7 4@ A5KI
K 9!5 ! J!45 Y ). (cho
3

 B S^5 7U7UA5 ) 5A5 JHH W'? (4 dz5^ SU7UA5 ? 8!9 I5


. A JC<85 " *'5H#
J"KI85 H# y *) J<'A5
W'? . I<AM5 S^5 7U7UA58
^ @ d5 (2) 5 *7
H#* .
1 K ?' WH#* S A5
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2  *) 
BC S^5 7U7UA5
5 *7 KI K 5 '< 45
)* y . I<AM5
3 ? *? I J5g7 p =K5 . Veau
4 ^ bA8A<5 p =K5 (I5. A JC<85
( ! 39
I !H!) IAK 1 A A) )KMd  n KH 7 `!F J *7 i Kz5
L 8) ="I8 d5 `!h5 !d t A < 25 JMd# J (5 ? 8"I
Kz5 .^ bA8A . i > i0

A=60 A ! H!5 JIM857 i0 J 5 LM 2


t n ( ) = A +

H!<! 5 Nh Md) K) t !H!) IAK II


2
W'? `!F KH . ABC J 5 S`
t'") !K5 KC<) B=4652SI A=1,502SI
, BC <?5"= )* I8 AC t'"5  W'? ' dK8 i J 7 !H!'5 AB 9!5
J i M
. "Ig

j = 589, 3nm CK . @Ye'! 5 e! h'5 JIM857 Mdg) K) J


LM 1
. i i J5g7 IK 9!` h5 Kz'5 'd5( g J JI W'? ") 2
A=60 !H!5 J A CK 3
. SI !5 Kz5 W'? ?!IR ="I85 Kz5! d d5 i !5 J J
9
. dKg J r r Mdg  S
bA8A^
J  . !H!5= @ 7M5 M5 ?' 4(5! 5 J @ 87 @A( 4
Dj *7
. B = 486,1nm A9!) !y e'! 5!`  F Kz5 JIM857 (g
. DB

,9 +56 / < : 4 ! "


J) t(7 A5< H n=6.10 Sh JdIH C=5 !
L J<
J^? Nh
. JdIz5 W'?   ?!8) J<"I85 he'! 5 J J`!F
7!9 '? J^K5 JKIy ) 1
!y Ve = 568nm : CK . J !4<5 F5 J< !5 g  ( S
LM 2
5

. he! h5 J9!)
. J !4
F E< J8 K5 J^K'5 JIM857 E JHz5 NF!) 3
. %7! h7 he'! 5 e! h5! K 4
. 7!9 '? = 0 g z )1 4
. 1 JI5 XC5 ? JHz5 W'? 2 4
V = 390nm M@8I5! h5 J9!) !y R = 750nm e! h'5 J9!) !y : CK
2007 6( 31 $6(> =6 ?@

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