Professional Documents
Culture Documents
issue No (1489)
IgdH dG QdG G
aH dG J Y cDj
V jYJ Mh VQe
dG dG H MG
04 ........................
03 ........................
U 20
..
www.alroya.om
jdG FQ dG jG
info@alroya.info
FdG M
T bH j dG dL
Sh FQh jdG eCG e
s fo dG - e
HCG- G S H SHb dG dG MU IM s J
MCG U dG tdG MU NCG e HGL T bH -G
d jG dL bH Y kGOv Q ;jdG dhO eCG dG HG
HG ```MCG GY S dG -J G PE` H- d QG I``ah
e Y G dG d T dN Y a nn`Yr CG ..dG
CG J ``G k FS .I```SG``Gh RdG O```U ``e dL Y `s `Y
dL ``jo CGh ,JL a ojh ,MQ SGH dG sj
.jH kghe
G S H SHb dG dG MU IM s J c
eJ FdG ea e HGL T bH -``YQh G MbH Y GvOQ ;dG WGdG Sh jQL FQ SjS
dN Y a nnYr CG ..Od WdG dG S d G dL
dL bH sJ e Y G dG d jJh T
,IOdGh dG Qn ``a``e d koe ..W h m```J ``e
.Q`gORGh dG e Gkje odG dh
s fo dG - e
a ``u ` ` ` dG `````dG ``M``` U ``` n ` n ` r``SG
AGQR``dG FQ ``F``f S BG O``` ``H
``n ` en ,`` ` `eCG ,AGQR`` ` ` dG ``` ` hD` ` ` d
FQ Q`````G ``j``dG``Y ```dG Q```c``dG
,GO``` ` dG ``jQ````L ``` W``dG `````G
``n `fn `o `` M ;k` ` d``M ```````dG Qrho ` ` j `` dG
M oY FdG ea s de
EG ,fGOdG jQG FQ dG
dG ``d``G ``M```U I````M ``n ` en
dG Jh ,G S H SHb
dh ,adG GhH eMh d
..Q`` ` gORGh ````dG ``e ``j````H ``` o ` dG
dG Yd GO tdG To de kjoe
.d UGG
s `` ` bh
``VG``` ` ` SG `` ` H`` ` G `` ` N
;dG jdG H dG bdG
dG jNCG HGhs dG e kbfG
udG tdG MU Qn ``` TCG ``bh .H
Qhs` ` `dG EG ``` ` ` S BG O`` ` ` `` H ``` a
zAT GG{ eCH GS e b hH j hCG :jQS ShdG e ed FHdG UdG jgL cDJ dG h ..zfhQc{`H ddG IadG dM YEG
s ,fGh Ld
n nM OQdG dG d
.dGh dG e jQdG
te j ``dG- UG o ``bQCG Jo h
SG T 150 s CG EG -```f```j``H
,jO T ``N vej jQS Gbo
,T BG 207 f V GQ GU
s .2011 Y dfG r CG e
dG- UG d
QOe Y o jh ,GdG Hoj
uCG ``e ````b sCG `` u````jo -``jQ```S A``` fCG
13
.hCG eCG FGdG GdG W
cdG - UGn Yn
,``` ` fEG ``` Q`` t``` dG ``` U``G `` b
jQS b uCG oS uoj fs EG ,eCG
jV h``H r`jn shCG od ;A```HQCG ``j
``K ``e `` `cCG ``` b G``` ` dG `` ` fG ``` e
r `` NCG PEG ;G````S
IjT jT ````U``Yn `
eGQ VCGh .dG Gf -G dG An GLCG s CH UG je MdG Y
I``j``L ``Y``` ` e `r `` ` L IOh`` ` ` dG ``j``` T
jDhdG
t - e
dM J ```j``e I`` ah ``Y `````dG IQGRh r``` ` YCG
````dG ``eR``` ``u ` ` ` G ,`` fhQ`` c ``Sh``a ``V`` ``H``` UE``H
tJ g CG -eCG ,H - IQGRdG rVhCGh .dG ShCG
dG Iah e ec Y HGb H Yf e ddG dG
;VG aoeh bGoe OLo QGSG IQGRdG cs CGh .HdG
jgLh ,``H G ``s ``dG ``F``H``dG ````Ut ``dG ```f ``N ``e
.`` G `` g ```e ``e ``e`````d ````L``G `````````G ````L
cdG - UGn Yn
dG jDhdG
jDhdG
t - e
jDhdG
t - e
u
-dG H o dG IQGRh J
b ```a o S ``dG ,````dG ``` Yo ``D` eo
.G jGa 8-6 e IdG N dG
eh GG NBG boe DG N Sh
`` ```e```dGh A`````dGh AG`` G ``` dEG ```U``J
,``` ` YCGh ,````dG :``VG``eCG ;`````dG ``` HCG
jDhdG
t - e
o G ,G SCG ,J
o
bEG AGG LG YC
dG SQGe SQG dH AJQG Kh b
WdG dG J ``dGh ,HdG h``dG ```dG
e e hdH ,dGh adGh Hd fo dG
dPh ;QG jj 15 EG 13 e IdG N ,dEG
flh AG``N e HY hO 10 o cQo
V - NQ - jQ jW AfEG e H
jDhdG
t - e
,Q```X ```a``` `
t `` ` dG `o ````G ``n ` Yn
ddG d hCG YLG ,eCG U
S dG IOS SFH ,hCG Id
FQ ``````dG G``` Y ``H ```a``Y ``H
a dG G FQ QX jH
FdG YLG YH dPh ;QX
.jdH
s h
`` VG`` ` `` `` `SG `` `` ` ` ` LG `` ` ` N
h``L ``` Y ``LQ``G ``` ` VG``G ``e Om `` Y
n fi
r n Y jdG :eh ;YCG
,(2014/10) ``bQ dG G LG
`` d`` ` `dG O`` ` ` ` `` ` `YG `` ` Z `` ` ` ` `` ` `LGh
d I``` ` G GAG`` ` ` LEGh ,```````d
``Y````L``H ``` ` ` G GQG`` ` ` bh ``` ` U``J
UJ VGSG EG ``a```VEG ,``H````dG
I```s `Gh H ``e```dG hD```dG
VGG M (2014/4) bQ YLH
,``` SGQ``dGh d G ``` d``Mn nCG ```dG
Ye AfEG j a UN
A``` MCG ````S```eh I````U ````V``jQ
UJ VGSG ``f``L EG ,dG
Y dG Ou Q EG aVEG ,G SQe
jDhdG
t - e
`````dG ``j``` H ``U``G Q``` G ``j``` J
bf
s c .dG WdG dG e
o
``dG- ````LG ``N
,ejdG GY H fi G SCGJ Qh`` d ``` T``` dG ``Y``` ` LG - `` ` `` `fEG
M ``H ``e``Y `````dG IO````S ````Mh I``` dG `` e `` ` `dG ``` ` ` dG O`` ` `` `fG
A``` SDhQh ,`````dG ````FQ ``F``f ``` G `````dG ``j``` ` dG G``` ` ` ` eo -``` f``` dG
`````dG `` `Y `` ` eCGh ,``` Y``` dG ``` ` dG Qh`` dG ``j````dGh ,2014 ````d d
k
VGSG
-dH YLG YH J eGh ,dH UG edG
,``aG``dG ``d``` c ``` ``````G ``j`````dG ``N ,`````H ``` ` fEG ``` M `````
jDhdG
t - e
s ``dG `o `j```dG bf
SGQd J
ddG e dhGoe J fb he
jJ h``` ` eh ```f`````dG ``` ` ` SD` Gh
GQ`` ` `G ``` a``` e `` f`` b `` `` ` MCG ``` ` H
`````dG `` e ``` ` ` G ,``` ` ` ` dG G`` ` KD` ` `Gh
,iQ`` ` `` `dG ``` ` ` ``` ` ` ` dGh ``` ` ` ` dG
OY Hh ,jdG jdG G
.G gG GP QeCG e
Q``` W `` `ct ` ` dG AG`` `` ` dG :`` ` `H`` ` G ``` ` M
G ```S ``F``b G`````dG Y ``H e
V Qc e O``Yh ,o dG dG
dG Gh ,G dG G``b
. IG G IQH
H e QW ct dG AGdG n SG c
dG G S Fb GdG Y
````` ,`` ` `eCG ``` ` U ,`` ` o ` dG
OQH hQ`` fCG dG hCG jdG ,JG
,jdG G ``G S ``cQCG FQ
jDhdG
t - e
H QM H MCG ct dG ojdG n SG
dG Gs b cQCG FQ dG Uf
U ,````J``G ,G
OQ````H hQ`` ` fCG ``` ` dG hCG ``j``` dG ,`` ` `eCG
,jdG G ``G S ``cQCG FQ
ojdG ``MQh
s .dM dG Qh``j ``dG
G dG Gb ``cQCG FQ ct dG
s h ,``` j``dG `````d``H
```H```G `` N
Ie ``VG`````SGh ````dG ``` Lho O``` J
G`` ` `dG `` ` `J `` ` `dG ``` ` ` ` dG h`` ` `` `dG
dG dG j
SH dG MG Tj HdG
Y jM -``YQh G M - G SHb
GN e M e c eh fEG :dH dG
W fe ```Yo H df ```G G``g p e
H j qfEa ,dG jH G h``dG H
dG jH UG GQYG IYGeh G
Gh ```F``EG jQG Jh J Y
G ``e ```F```dG ````dG ``j```J k` e``b
k a ,G p ` ` dh``dGh bEG
c ```b ``Y
j ic gCG e dd LGH WGe
mGKCJ CG e edG dGh dG fOQGe
IGh p G p dG Y p aGh Im QV
jDhdG - e
dG jRh HdG S H fi e YQ
dG MG TJ M NG hDdGh
QT JCj dGh ,2015 dG dG H
dG ``` dG ```j``M ```` z``f``eCG H{
H IOS QH dPh ,e a
,NG hDdGh dG IQGRh ch SGhdG Y
,iQ``` ` dGh `` dh`` dG ````` A``` ` YCG ``e``` Gh
SDGh eG G e OY cQh
`````Gh `` G `````G `````SD`eh ```U``G
``JC` jh .OG`` ` ` ` aCGh ``` Y``` ` dG `` ` `dGh `` ` `` `gCG
O kG``` cC` J ````S```G ``` H dG ``` ` MG
LCG e dG dG IOb UGG IQGR``dG
hCG SdH j a AGS G jdG
J ```dG ``eG``dGh ```Gh JGSG
d dG dG AGOCG i AJQG EG
IdG jdG dG eh VM cGd
edG LdG X dG gJ dG
.dG MU I
hC dG dG H dG MG dh
LdG Y Ak H 1997 Y e jj Ie
SHb dG dG MU I edG
kGaM d - YQh G M - G S H
``LCG ``e G ``b```dGh I``G O```G d
LddG ef Uh fdG dG jM
RHCG MCG dGh ,dG gOQGe jMh
.dG H NJ dG dG eG
cQe SG H dG MG JCjh
dG OQGe Y d dhG dG OG
Y dG Hd hCG QG gh fdG
jQJh d dG ``fG``G RG``HE`H
YJ UYh GO jdGh ,dG
jdG fGGh QdGh Jdc FMCG
.IQOdG jdGh
iMG a VG ``e ```dG dG ``eCG
``gh ``` H``` ` G `` e `` ` dG Q`` ` G Q``` U ``` Y
dGh fEG U Y jdG KCG ie
Q`` KBG ``` Y A``` ` dG ````S ``` M ,`` H `````G
dG dG j S J M J zfd dU{
jDhdG - e
iG jJ dG KCG d dG
``c````dG `r `d``f ``` c .```````H `````dG
hOo Y YS e IOT
:eh- bd u eo OG``M ``bh
e -dH G OG``G
cdG ``` Jh .``` j``eCG ``e````dG
`` WG`` ` `TG ``` ` ` H `` ` `dG G`` `` ` dG
.G dhdGh e G dG
ObG
QNCG
gG Gh cQG Y jGdGh
K .``` dG Q``` ` dG `````Gh ``V```G `` EG
f QdG VG G YGQ aG
G ``e jdG ``H Q```T ``dGh ,fdG
JGh YdGh ``jQ````dGh jQSG
,``c``` ` dGh ``jQ``` ` dG ``J``` Gh ``jQ``` ` ` ` SG
OGe cTh Gh fG EG aVEG
```h ```f````dG ``jQ``` ` dG `````Gh A``` ` dG
``` Hh `` a`` dG h`` ` `` `Uh `` `` ` YCG ``` M``` U
M ;G e gZh...dG dG
QdG G jd Ua VG c
H G`` `Gh Q``` aCG O``` Jh Q``````SGh
.dG Gg cQG
``` S `` H ``` ``S``` ` G IO`` ` `` `S `` ``bh
jh iQdG Y SdG
:```f````dG ``jQ````dG `````G ````FQh ```T``H
s fo dG - HGdG
hDd dG jG dG GY H eCGY
HY H Wa :G ``f``L ``eh .cdH ```LQ``G
.bW jH fdG ICGG L FQ jdG
dJ dG YLG dhDG QWEG bJG JCJh
``Yr On ``f``L EG ,`````G ``e`` ```Y ```f J ``c```T
jH d Yhe aG dG Yo H IQO``` eo
.GNDe bW
s fo dG - dU
,QX a bW jh Gh IOS ,eCG ,bCG
ICG`` G `````Lh ``` Y ```f `````J ``c```T ``H ```b```JG ```b``J
d OG``H IOh``e ce AGd ``dPh ;bW jH fdG
.G GSCd dCG e
SG :Yo f J cT fL e bJG ``bs h
hP W SG Ia j
gCdG GQhdH dd bYEG
s fo dG - e
dG ZGs dG bYEG hP UTCd dGh HG ja YCG
,jOdG gCJ eh ,G ``jQ```dG ``cG`` gCdG GQh``d``H
,YLG dGh edG idG JQGRH dhDG e OY e sG
dG jf EG GQh``dG H dG W SG Ia j Y
.QG
MG ``U```dG sEG ,``j```dG FQ SdG S ``H Q```e ``bh
dG ```c``Gh dG ``b``YEG h``d
S jQd
s
jQdG cGe S 25 EG 17 e gQYCG CGJ
s ;``fEGh Qcd
gCJ e EG aVEG ,QUh dGh Yh Uh dG jH
IY jQJ j M ;IQHGh dU jh jOdG
.2015/2014 SGQdG dG e GAH ec eY jQdG Ia Jh a
e G ``MCG CGS dGh HG ja CH SdG VCGh
jH LGJ N e ;WdG Lh T a AHCG He
bdG h .dH aG d JGQjR GS ,dP Hh .QU
H ;QG dG jf M IjG dG SH S ,f
e aG ``b``YEG hP UTCG e j UdG MJEG
gDJ dG GQh``dG J e IOSGh ,dG YQGh IQOG
CH VhCGh .UGh dG YdG SDe dG H dd
.IQh``dG I``a G``W jT de Ih``Y d oS GQh``d``H G
W SG I``a ``JOs `M CG d S ``JQGR``dG sCG cdH ``j``Gh
.G jj e 8 EG 4 e GQhd dG
s fo dG - e
H ,2014 dG e HcCG T jH dH HdG JdG No LEG n JQG
dG e jO jH N 411h kdCG 351`H fQe ,kN 237h kdCG 366 H M ;FH 4^2
OnYn s CG eGh AMEd WdG cG Y jdG FMEG IdG rVhCGh .2013
,kN 333h kdCG 280 H ,2014 HcCG T jH adG LBG HdG JdG eH G
HdG JdG eH G OY H a ,2013 dG jf N 400h kdCG 271`H fQe
dG jf M kN 829h kdCG 25``H fQe ,kN 546h kdCG 31 G``M S dG Yae
Gb OY Uhh ,Jg 801h BG 6 d AfCG edG JGdG OY H a ,2013
SdG HdG G OY Hh ,Ib 742h kdCG 45 eG ed bdG dG
.kN 1815
JdG eN e cCG dG Y rPSG e a s CG EG FMEG QTCGh
kdCG 179 GM 2014 dG e HcCG jf HdG JdG N Oo Y Un hn M ;HdG
jDhdG
t - e
ag d Sh b Y f Gf h ,dG M
eh .dG T BG G Q```j ``e YJ
ie ad f a ,jYdG IG da N
```WCG jM Yeh `` eCG G``M gCG ``M ``Y``dG
,e ``c ,``cGQ d G``G ``HQG{ M ``e Ac
jM ``Y```e AG``` T dd ``Y```dG ```Lh ,z``` MQ ``c
jM n e 50`` H dH G J M ;``` W
C G
ddG ``g ``JC` Jh .IO`` dG jM ```WC`d IQdH
G SQG aCG f Y QJ jYJ dSH
ObG
He
GM H g s G dhdG Y dG
G M H g SDd dG FdG
YdG Wd edG
dG MCG H T Y jH YCG MU
:G ue
dG S H GY -
IMGdG G
e YCG MU) dG MCG H T b a
LdG aS IMGdG G s EG :(``Y ``jh
d IMGh e eG as h GPEGh ,dGh
NR ``dP oj CG bG a ;HG GAG`` LEG
e UN ,YCG LQ SG gjh ,Gc
.GvOL GQSG Sh ,G hdG hO
HQCH Jh IYGh baBG G s CG dG cCGh
e eRdG OG rLGJ GPEa ,jd Ie
:AGS ;QSG aS GAGLEG d eG
.LCG hCG ,WdG
``j```````e ``e ``` ZQ ``` g s C` ` H ```````dG ``H``Jh
QGSG e H ;dG QSd N
e ``g``Zh...I``g```dG a UN ,jObG
g AfEG J SSCG dG s CG EG ,aG
E`a ```d``Hh ;``jO`````bG ``FG``Y GP ```J rCG ``W```G
ebEG QhO u S IgdG LdG G OLo ho
.YdG G
```SGQO H A``L G he s EG :``F``b ````n`en h
..``jO``` ` ` bG hCG ``````dG ```M```dG ``e AG``` S ;``` a``c
G ```G ``N S dG s CG Ve
UJ n YEG boe .fG Gg dG Y G
``bCG IgdG a YdG G Y IQs S
.o bh
G jDhdG
Y dG GM H g s G b ,L eh
a J ```Y ````dG Qm `` L `` fs EG :``dh``dG ````
..GRQ`` H ``jQ``````SGh ``jO`````bG G``c``e ````d I``g``` dG
au Jh jQG H eG CGJ eY ``fs CG Ve
``cCG S ``WG``G s E` a ,QSd Soe ````VQCG
gS dG ``eCG gh ;jQG ebE GOGSG
.dH ObG jdG YO
G`` eCG `` `ShDhQo s EG :`` bh ,`````G ``g ``NG``Jh
``e``M ``bu ` ` e ``` g ``L``J h ,``` ` d``H ``aG``` J
YdG Wd edG SDG S dG aGG
J j Gd ;G dG CGj bh ,gaH
,jQG AfEG SdG N e UG dG QhO
```e```dG ``````L```dG ``c````dG ``e ``j``` dG ``` gh
s Gd ;dG
g QSd sJ CG Y j
eG ac ad OGSG CG Y fh ,G
.We NGO cdG g e d eRdG
jd BG SDG s CG J G```TD`G s C` H ```VCGh
eJ ``e``N ``e `` cCGh ```Y````U `````e ``e `` cCG
N YJ `` s``eo ```gh ,LdG d
dG M Y dO Ggh ,VG GS G
e eG euJ e Y IhY ,SDG eJ dG
ebEG S fCH HJh .GAG``LEG o J
SDG YS G``gh ,G ``NGO I`` MGh
ObG
G S
% 8.15 Jj zQSG e G{
jQ 3.300 EG j zG d bdG{
//
ISIN
,,
,,
OM
,,
,,
OM
,,
,,
OM
,,
,,
OM
,,
OM
,,
OM
,,
,,
OM
,,
,,
OM
,,
OM
OM
,,
,,
,,
OM
OM
OM
,,
,,
OM
,,
OM
,,
OM
,,
OM
,,
,,
OM
,,,
OM
,,,
,,
,,
OM
,,
OM
,,
OM
,,
OM
,,
OM
,,
OM
,,
OM
,,
OM
,,
OM
,,
OM
,,
OM
,,
OM
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
OM
OM
OM
OM
OM
OM
OM
OM
OM
OM
,,
OM
,,
OM
ISIN
,,
OM
,,
ISIN
OM
, ,,,
,,
,,
()
()
()
()
ObG
hO S
jdGh ```G 3^2 Q``fh ```G 2^4 jdG ``` gCG dG ````SCG g
b UQH fch .G 4^8 jhchd HHh G 3^7 HdG
IG cdG c ``YEG Y jb aO J H HGdG R``HCG H
TDG Rhh .VG dG Y gG Y jf ``HQCG jRJ eY Y
IJh cCG gh ,%3^42 H Je d f dCG 12 dG LG dG
d dH Je f 12305^52 EG Uh ,YSCG ej OU
dG QGe Y G FN e c fL Veh GdG Y fdG
.HdG L
e Oh`` fL e ,%2^05 H ``HO TDe U ,GQ`` eEG ``ah
fdG d dH Je f 3697^58 Y d MdG Se
U c .a 6 ASH dhGG SCG ZCG OU YH ,GdG Y
Se e fL e ,%1^22 H ``bCG IJH IQh```G XHCG UQH
.L 8 TDd ie YCG gh f 4478^76 Y d ,IG
cdG -UGY
51 a dG QSCG QGSG e YH OdG SCG S TDe JQG
e ``NCG Hd jOdG cdG Fd eG bJh ed GQhO
Qe 8^35 b hGJ Sh f 8285 EG H 1^9 TDG bh .2014
Y YEG eG bJ e dG YJQG dG SCG QJh .jQ
.JdG Y H 5^4h H 3^1 eSh LGdG S bh dG Ff
e GdG Y dG d Se e H 6^3 jL SCG b c
2014 ``e ``NCG ``H``dG ``HQCG U H 25^5 f Ib ``Y ``YEG
.G bJ Se FdG Rhd
Hh jOdG JGh WdG HdGh HSh aU SCG OGRh
fG HG .H 3^7h 1^5 H MhGJ H Jh QdGh VjdG
``cQCG QGOh H 1^7 dGh H 1^3 Gh H 1^03 Y L SCG
RjhQ -d
RjhQ -d ,Qjf
J d
Gh eG UGj dP ZQh
EG J ``b ```dG `` dOCG ``Y J
Y ``LG``dG A````fG hCG TfG h``M
`````j GR`` ` `e ``` ` ` ` H .``j``` J `` ` bCG
d jeCG dG fEG jObG
20h GQhO IY H fEG dJ X
a{ dG i``G ed GQhO
dG Q````SCG ``LG``J CG ``e`` ````G
``` d``L ``` j ``````M z`` ` cCG `` LQ`` H
```dhCG dG ```HCG je L
.efcEG Hc
G je H fGO e hNBG
Q``````S``d ``` dCG ``S``H``d h````U
dG e ```bG``j ``` dhCG dG
g ``` ` dG `` `G ``` V``dG .`` ` LBG
e ``` NQCG Q``` dG ```````dG ````S CG
Y cdG j LBG dG
Y dG j b Gd .dG jJ
b H .VdG dP j eY VQCG
CG Y eY J b g J
Ad he HhCG QN e G
CG d YW H LfEG N
.dH HS dG Gg e GN
eCG hj jd dH fCG Z
QGSG e Id bJh QfG d
``bh .CG`` `` ` SCG R``` ` L``H ````J ``b ``` dG
H NCS Q``j``` f ``e````e
.dP hM e YSCG
W SCG Gg HS bh h
HL d je jeCG hCG H
EG dG dG Y GDdG TjQ
Hh ?dG j ``b i``e CG
dGh VdG e U 12
GMbG GjdGh fdG SdGh
40 ``` Mh ``` j``eCG ``` ` d GQhO 35
LfEG GH Jh .fH ed GQhO
jJ ``fGhC HdG e EG HCd
.FGO cGe
dG S
J jGH ``LG``dG ``c eY
``eG```d``H ``e``` ``````J ``` e``` ` G
f GO`` ` `` Y ``` ` H ``` ` S``` SCG
YdG H J CG eCj Gfc ah
2008 ``` a .``b``` ` G Q``g``` dG ``b``Jh
d ``WEG Y QfG CG```SCG ``Nh
e bCG H 80 QSCG g dG
f .dG OcQ X TCG S
Ob eY 2009 FGhCG AL dG
Ic H d HhCG jOdG
jHh .dG YO H fEG Y
GQhO 80 ``b Q``` ` SCG `````UCG 2009
```Z h I`` G `` g ```d .```e```d
J ``HhCG fEG N Y eY CG
M `````J EG `` `eCG hCG ```e````G
dG ````j``eCG `````dG ````dG Q`` HBG
ec ed GQhO 70 EG J b
.dG ``G `` IQG```T bj b
fEG QGSG e OJ dG d
Y jc e bJh dG
.G GT Y Kd Je QSCG
fH ed GQhO 60 S G``H g
S ``` ` U `` `bQh ```S```e i``````c
``fCG EG ```H```S ```````H `` dP R``` Jh
Y ``aG``` ` S `` dG i``` ` ` G ``` j ``b
````d ``` UG``J ``` ` dG ``` d .``jO``` ` ` dG
ILh Ia H iG dP Y dG
Y O`````dG h``` dG `` jRh ``b ``e
```fEG J ``d G EG dG
QcS `````HCG `` bh .````S CG ```Y
RjhQ -IQaS
b PEG ,G eCG FN gdG UGh
Y ``` H``` jEG ``f``` Hh ``` ` SCGh Qh`` ` dG `` ` JQG
``eBG Pc G HPL jeCG ObG
GTDe hU cCG Y hdG e je G iOCG
.dG gdH Ye
EG `````H 0^3 ``g```d Q``` dG dG ``LG``Jh
N CG H (````fhCG) ```bhC`d QhO 1206^80
e ```H````dG `````G `````b ``e `````H 0^7
ie YC gdG bh .SG e jCG KK
Gg bhCd QhO 1222^40 Y HSCG KK
dG dG Y gQ Sh GS 9 `a S fOC j hQdG
KCGh dH H eRCG e Y Jj b eh jj 25
1^17625 EG hQdG gh .dG GAG``LEG UH
Heh 2005 jO e Jje fOCG e QhO
hCG Id S ``dG QhO 1^1747 ie ``e
j 119^80 EG Qh``dG ```JQGh .1999 jj ``e ``HG``dG
j 118^36 HSCG KK Jje ``fOCG Y Ge
EG hQdG V iOCGh .VG AKdG j S dG
Hh .G````S J Jje ```YCG Y Qh``dG AH
He jeCG dG AGOCG j dG Qh``dG TDe
.92^458 dG e S
RjhQ -d
eG d G eCG FN hQdG UGh
e ,GS J Jje ``fOC Uhh GdG Y
HhQhCG cG dG CG Y jG fgQ IOjR
N AQd dG d efH J e jb UCG
YdG dG ```g iOCGh .Q````SCG ``T````fG
e dG bJ VfGh af fCG
dhf GQe j hQdG CH OYG jJ EG hQdG
ffdG edG HfG CH dG EG ``a```VEG
G jM
{ gQJ U
dG jd edG dG e hdH z
C
C
. :
:
.
:
" "
.
:
.
:
.
:
.
.
:
. :
.
.
:
:
.
.
C
.
:
.
:
C C C
C.
:
.
:
C
.
:
C
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.:
.
.
.
.
:
.
:
.:
.
.
:
.
)(
.
)(
) (
.
.
)(
.
)(
ObG
hO
j zjdG cG{
% 0.5 Y IFdG
hO IFdG QSCG ``c``G G```EG H HCG
2015 d LG hCG H H 0^5 Y J
eY 12 ie `` fOC dG ``LG``J ``eh
``KEG DWJ QOG``Hh dG QSCG h```J H
S fEG cG dG bh .VG dG jS
M e dSG L Qe 4^35 QSG
dG jeh 2015 jj J GS
e 565) dSG Qe 375 ddG dG
QSG IOYEH b e GEG H Jh .(QhO
Y IFdG QSCG aj CG EG G``eCG J e
CG ``b```j h .G SdG Jje
``gAGQBG R``jhQ SG jdG jObG e
N IFdG S jJ jO e TdG
IFdG ``aQ e bj h ``G dG
.2015 e ddG HdG M
Ob OJ fhfEG
zSBG jEG{ OM H MdG
G ``` eCG ``````fh``fEG ``````dG ``d``b
``cG```dG ```H ```Y O````dG O``` T ````dG IQGRh EG
d ````NG``dG G``` dG ``M``d `````N``dG
M Y Q````SCG G```dG cT J CG
S Y SCG e ``cCG H ``dPh ,edG
QGb jS CG``Hh .Ih``L IH SBG ``jG IFW
e GQ``` ` YG ``cG``` dG Q``` ` SCG ```Y O````dG ``j````J
``jEG I``F``W ````S ``e ``e``j ```H `````jO 30
e ``cCG ``K jHGQS ``e MQ ``N SBG
Y Q````dG ```j h .IQ``a`````S EG ``````fh``fEG
e ```Y G``f``c T 162 ``H ``e ``L``f CG
WCG dG dG IQGRh fd ahh .IFdG
`` fOCG `` G ````S IQGR`` ` dG ``` aQ R`` `jhQ `````Y
.NGdG MdG jObG LQdG Icd
IjG YGdG g YJ CG IQGR``dG eCJh
Rj MHQCG eGg IOjR GdG cT
.edG GAGLEG Y fEG
Y dG :zJjBG{
% 5.4 jG MdG
eCG (``J``jG) ``G d h``dG O``G ``b
OGR dhdG GdG MQ Y dG EG G
H 5^7 f IO``jR He af H 5^4
5^9 dhdG HSG bdG JQGh .HcCG
dG dhdG dG ee df H H
f 0^3 GFdG Ye T e EG J
bdG LEG CG JjG cPh .H 75^1 EG je
bh .af H 5^4 JQG d HSG
e QOU H JjG O dG jG jJ J
a .je edG IQdG jdG GAMEG
``M``G ``c`` ```dG AGOCG ``` ```G S
cd dG dG EG dGh dG jG
VCGh .OdG Gh SBG e GdG
Y HjEG dG QSCG VfG j H
S cdG K LGJ KDj ObG dG
.dhdG dG cM Y
hCG J fjJ
jb e RZ T
``` fCG ``` H ``j``f``j``` dG ``J.``J.``H ``` ` YCG
R```dG ``e ``W `` dCG 90 `````M `````T S
Y Q``WEG hCG g dG G dG
bh .jS W e OGS eY 20 Je
cd dG FdG QhJJJ jH
e ```j PEG G`` L ``j````dG dG S EG
I``Mh ````e ```d GQhO I````Y ``d```dG `````dG
AGd ``J.``J.``H aJ ``dG fjH ``jQG``M
G dG Jjh .Qe e dG RdG
jH bJh dG dG QSCH Rd b e
IY e bCG EG G RdG AGT J LGJ
dG i``e Y jQGM I``Mh d GQhO
J fEG J.J.H dbh .G jdG hCG
jd dG Gg G RdG GOQGh IOjR
jh .Qe e eOdG GOGeEG bJ
AHdG e H 70 f dJ dG RdG
N ``Y GOG`` `eEG ``HQ f ``JC` jh .``f``j``J
eh bJ dG J d Qe e HfCG
``gOQG``e ``e G``j``e Q`````e J CG ``b```G
.G ObG d
dCG 420 `fEG ``bJ ze``S{ IFdG QSCG IOjd Je N `a eb zOG WMG{
RjhQ - TGh
dG G`g `e ``a ``gP ``bhCG
RjhQ - IgdG
e (fhCG) bhCG dCG 420 fEG bJ qfEG gdG fE eS cT db
.G H bJ Y j dG Gg e dG e
H 3^3 cdG S fh .eS cd MdG edG G g dGh
250 J ja TDe Y jG dH jSG ``cCG e kG``MGh d
.SG SCd
S Ad Ice hOQ``L QH i``d G fJ dCG dbh
bJ e IH dG eB fl J CG bf dG 2015 bJ Y cdG
dCG 475 eS J CG bJ QH fch .z```bhCG ``dCG 420 (```fEG) cdG
bhCG dCG 445 eS J CG dG WSd fg H cT bJ H bhCG
cdG fEG Y H 11 dG Gg bG fEG jjh .G Gg e gdG e
dG SG LfEG bdG Y j d bhCG 261h dCG 377 H dG 2014
fEG G``fBG cdG dbh .dG e bhCG ``dCG 500h dCG 450 H hG``J
SJ e Y H bhCG dCG 500h dCG 450 H hGj fEd jS e bJ
Nh .ddG HdG SdG SG i``Lh .``G gdG e
G gdG IO``L J EG dP ``Yh af 2014 fE JbJ eS
2^4 eS S LGJh .HcCG LfEG LGJh ``NCG HdG G
.H 63^3 EG H
RjhQ -dH
2^4 ```f``CG YdG dG ```LG``J
d af T ``S```SCG Y H
,R`` jh`` d `````SG ``b``` G ``e `` cCG
J O``c CG H ```f``CG ```J CG EG j
.g GRe 2014 e OcdG
```g EG ``S``` SC``H ``V``` ` fG ``L``jh
hf e UNh gdG dG c
```LG``J `````H ``` ``H 4^7 `````G ``````dG
dG CG Z .H 0^7 LQG dG
.H 2^7 JQG hQdG e e
d IOjdH HcCG fH jJ iLh
H 2^5 e fQe H 2^9 f YJQG
hCG HdG `a G dG QJ bj G
EG ``fRG``G ````dG ````jCG ``e```G
dG Gg LEG G dG e H 4^3
dbh .2014 H 4^9 Qb be Y e
S YGQdG Z dG EG H HhG
5^1 ``YGQ``dG ``` fEG JS H H 3^8
1^5 g eH 2015 e hCG HdG H
.2014 e NCG HdG H
``a``j ``` ` dG Q``` ` SCG ``` g CG `` a`` ` VCGh
e je EG G YaG Ge Y
GSCG dG QSCG Y IhY VfG
`````e ```Y ``Y``dG ``` G `` ` dCGh .``` ``` dG
j G``j d jdG H ``e bW
Gf dGh ````dGh dG R``Z Q````SCG Y
.SdG MdG e S
RjhQ -HdG
G d edG HhG db
EG CWJ G ObG EG G eCG
e NCG HdG S SSCG Y H 2^7
hCG HdG H 4^1 EG j b d 2014
.YGQdG fEG JQG e 2015 e
``LG``J `` j`` G G`` ` ` MCG A``` S ``` ` ` Jh
e W e 6^7 EG d YGQdG fEG
e 9^7 ``e VfG 2014 ``Y ```G
GO`` ``j``j CG ``b```G ``e d 2013 ``W
eG bJh .QeG H 2015
eH 2015 `````H 4^4 Q`` b G`` ```H```G
Jh .2014 H 2^5 EG dG C`W```J
RjhQ -H
RjhQ -c g
O``G WMG e
`` NBG (`` ` `j`` eCG `` c`` G ``` ` dG)
``e``b ```S`````dG C` ` ` H ``d ``` ` LG
bh IFdG QSCG aQ Ad N
GH ``dG ``G ``ZQ ```dG G``g ``M
.jGf Y dG c M efi
``` `` ` `` `LG `` ` `` `fi `` ` `` `` `Hh
,jO ``c``G dH SdG
Fb dG ``dhD```e VSG a
CG ``` ` J ``` dG ``f``` ` dG `` e ``` j``W
IG jdG ObG dG
``G EG ````j ``Y Sj
O`` `c`` `dG `` W`` fl `` X `` W`` G
Tf GSCG DWJh HhQhCGh HdG
````dG Q``` ` SCG ``` g `` aOh .``````FQ
``` e `` Y G``` ` H I`` ` `` `G `` `j`` `dG
WMG aj ``dG dG
````````G CG h``` j ``` d O`` ` `G
c FXh N jh fEd
fi bh .cdG QSG SG
10
MS
[]eee][O\b]c`Wa[U]d
.
) (
.
.
.
)(
.
- -
-
.
.
:
.
) (Oman Agenda
) (
)
(
.
.
P
*
.
P
.
P
*
*
.
.
:
/ .
-
/
/.
/-/
.
/
/
.
:
.
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
.
.
-
.
) (
.
.
11
MS
I```b ``jCG
?G````dG
`` Y ``` ` e `` `e `` ` ` `eCG h`` `` ` j
CG `` e`` jCG hCG `````f ``` fh 2015
fjdG IdG YdG dP gf
G`` d`` H ``` ` Jh `` ` gQG`` ` bEG
q `` ` `dG
jdG ````d``c ````dG ````dG
``e `` g`` Zh ``` a``G ``Y``` ` ` dGh
``Zh O`` G ````dG G`` dG ``` ` TCG
. OG
J dG G YGPEG Sh
`````S``G hQ`` ` `Gh ``` ` dG G`` d`` H
jdG Y aG H dG
dGh SJh fo dG adG
``e```dG `````dG IQGOEG ```` `` g`` bCG
``Y``` ` LG ``j``` ` ` dGh `` `YGPE` ` d
.GYCG b ddG
FQ dG e e Fd c
```a``G ``Y``````d ``e``` dG `````dG
```M ,`` ` `c ``` ` ` H Gk ` `` `` `e `` ` `NCG
H FY dG ```e ````VhCG
edG dG FQ HdG N
I```c ```e ```a``G Yd
j aG YdG dGc
.egG ghj h hdG
bdG aG YdG ``H
```U EG hCG O`` ` `` `G `` ` `` `dG `` ` `G
Y j ``dG ,Qh``` G dG ``b
M dG G e ah hdG
YdG eh QSG e qfEG
c `` dG ``j``` dG ````eh IQ``` ` dGh
.SGh bhCG c dEG Of
``cG``e ``` Y I`` jR`` dG ``` e `` cQ
e ``` c ``` dG ``` a``G ``Y``` ` ` dG
IQe fCG dG CG``dG Y j
,dG b e gG H Lj h
dG gG dP G SJh
eh G GHEG He N e
SHb dG IFL EG d K
EG ``a``` VE``H ``` a``G ``Y``````d
jQd QG EG aG HG
g SQ g gHh ,gCdGh
G`` W`` ` `fGh `` a`` G ``Y``` ` ` dG
Y ````YCG ```dG I```NCG ``F``X``dG
ILCGh G fl eG
.eG
``M ``` Y ``Y``` ` ` dG `` ` g qEG
``e I`` ` `c GOG`` ` ` ` `jEG ``` ` d``` e `` `b
`` Gh ``` Gh ``L``` ` ` G `` N
AdG HdGh GhOCGh YdGh
``L``J h ```````dG ``L``J ``` dG
k G`` `eCG Q``J c ``g``Z
d ```F``W
hJh Y H SG
``` e``` G `` ` `G `` c ``d``d ``k ` ` J
J IQdGh ObH Gh
S aQ dd OG``Gh GhOCG g
OG gG hCG YdGh fEG
.jdG YdG dG
qEG Q`` ` WEG GP I`` jR`` dG ``d``bh
b fc Y j ``LG``dG
YOh jdG Y G AT c
fdG SG AbG ``N ``e
``g CGh ```c ,``cG``G J ``` dG
dG hO e UCG SG
``NGO ``e ``` bEG ``dP `` ```dh
`` `dGh ``` S``` ` G ``` U``N `` ` `Y
.dG
VG bdG Y AT c b
G LCG YCG f CG ``fOQCG EG
cf CG aG YdG IhK Y
jc ``Y`````dG `` g ```Y ``k ` e``YEG
Qjc dh G`` eCG Q``j Q````eh
``YEG FSh Yh gd ```jRh
IdG MG A```YEG ``U``NEG
`` eG`` dG ``` M ``Y``` ` ` dG `` ` `d
gG Y j d YVGh
L ``FG``a ``e J ``e jh
.G Yh Y
Yousuf@alroya.info
dG
TCG e IMGh dG G h
dG H J dG aG YdG
R``` JQ `````f ``Y``` ` ` dG `` g A`` `L `` bh
dG Q````TCG `` YGQR ```Y fdG dG
```J``e``N ``e ``` ` dG `` G O`````SG ``` dG
``Y`````dG ``e ``` ` dG G`` ` HEG ```````dG
{ dc b Y YG dG G
GhOCG e gZh zHdG { dGh z dG
edG dG eb bh .edG GSG
``g ``j````H GO`` ``` a``G ``Y``````d
a dG GHEG ijh J d YdG
d hCG GdG IOSG j AGS
jdG dG hCG OdG NGO j jdG
``````jh ``` ` dG ``` ` G A``` ` bG ``` ` j
j M LQG GSCd ddG jdG
e YdG d IjL GSCG Y dG
``g eG ```dBG``j```Jh ``j``
NO ``dG dG ``Yh cGd YdG
.LddG GQdG e dG Y
YGdG dG
dG YU
GO``L``e G`` j `` dG ``````dG ``JC` jh
CG e ZdG Y idGh ``G e jdG
.G ``L``dG e Gfc LdG e
J dZh LG IOG Y EG
S ``e Ye jJ BG ````SG``H
jH ``` dG J ```j `````H `````dG
j ````a `````j ```q ```dG `` ch .``j`````J
N eeCG H (LQdG) IG
hCG ``j``` ` Y G`` `M ``` d``W ``d``` dG ``````dG
f j ``dG TdG ``eCG .``e``b KK
G Y dG
ASH G Y dG a jh
```YCG IhQP dGh G``g```G ``` YCG
TG G``HCG Jh ,dG dG
H J S ``a``N``e ```j```Hh ``YG``H
``W```G AG``` S ```f```Y ``j``bh ```j``e ``c
Tj h .MdG We hCG NGdG
G Y dG G``j M dG G``g
M ```Y `````dGh G`` ` HCG ``j```d GkO``L``e
``jBG G`` `HCG ```Y J ``e ``k ` d``Zh .AG``` S
q ``dG jQdGh c fBGb
.f a
We ````H ```H````e G`` `HCG ``L``J ```c
dG KCdG EG FY dPh jaEG T
g MU jh .g GFS ``c ``dG
GP YdG e gh ,(FdH) aG
SdG Jh ,```G O`````bG OhO`` G
jh ,G YU cGe gCG e ihfh
TdH UN H dGh G U
a FdG ````TCG ``eCG Q``g```d bdG
d ``e Ye ``eEG ``gG``G ``e SS
.Sg H Te hCG a
`` `cCG `` `e `` ` `` `` `` `dGh `` ` `G `` ` `` `Jh
fJEGh IT jdG fdG YdG
e ``Y`````dG ``g ```f````dG ``Y ```M
SH Kh WJQG JJ ``gh dG
JCJ M O``` YCGh ``SG``YC``c YLG
Gh`` ` dG ICG`` ` ` G `` ` jR ``` ` S``` SCG i`` ME` `c
fc fCG EG aVEG IdG SGh
YdG e fd Gk f jObG b
e ``e``fCG dG ```a``G
dG ``jh```dG `````G ``a``c J ,`` gP
KGQJ ``a``M R``Jh I``j``a ``d```UCG J
`````dG ````J ``` ` ` ``` ` d ,`` ` `LCG
dG IS ``ZQ ,``` dG A``` fCG ``c ``e
.H j e c Y jG
``a``G ``g e ``e ````dG G`` `jh
EG ``H ,FHC fjh Y aj
AdG Jh ADg YJ dhdG SDe
k
.OGLCG OCG Y XM
Y
GSCG EG gdG k FGO dG jh
```S ``` ` eh ,``` ` ` G `` g ``V``` J ``` dG
``g `````J ```Y ``dh``dG ````J G`` d ,``` e
k
jdG Y XM
G
.Md jhJh
k
c `````G ``e ``NBG ``f``L ``` gh
acG dG ``j``KCG jG Y
b Y Y M ;Y Th dG
`` dCG ``jG``H EG ``` ` jQ``J ``L``j ``jQ``` a
a YU ``Y `` eCG ,O``` G ```b ``d```dG
qCG EG ,SG jWh dG He
UN ,G HW eh afi d
dG QdG U ``bh ,YU jW
j fEG CGH CG e e fG
j G`` j `` dG Q``` ` dG `` eCG .GhC` ` `d
dG GhCGh G G GP GhCG
``d``H ``````G `` g ``` H ``f``` a G`` ` ` cCGh
Yd Gk `c``e J M ;jW I```dh
``gQG``` H `````J ``` c ```````dG Q``` ` dG
dG jJ Y eG IdG
i`` `NCG `` ` ` TCG ````V `` eh ,(`` `S`` `G)
QGLh dG jQGeh NG g G
QG``Lh ``` G G`` `cGC h (````dG -````G) A``G
GhCG `` eCG (``` S``dG) i``` G GhCGh ``` dG
h .(``L``G) ``NG``dG ``e a ````dG
G LdG j c VG hdG
``eCG ``g `````dG Y `` LCG ``e Q````U
q dG dG
NJ fa M Ga
.IOL bCG Yf GP fi OGe YU
IOYh NB L e G QGSCG bJ jh
MG ``bh I```SCG f ``dP j ``e
.IY hd G H FdG H
QdG YU
e QdG Yd i``NCG cGe gh
eh FSh M H H L jh
H aj c ,dUh Uh eh
```d `` eR`` dG I``` G ``` Y``` dG hP ``` dG
``j``Z Q``` ` dG ```f```U `` `ch .``Y``` ` ` dG
ej dG dG JH IQ```G
``` dG ``` ` SG``H ````J ``````H ````Y ````a
GaCG G IOG H ej Gfch
fhOhjh dG Yd fl Ic
e ``` ` ZCG ``Y IQ``` Y `` c `` dG O``b``d``H
ch .YG dG QRh G QTCG
LdG e dG T QdG fU
j ``J``dG A`````dG `` eCG ,````S```SCG IQ````H
```L ``g``cC` a Q``` ` dG OG`` e ``Y`````H
jh UNh ,QX a dG
g j e ``gCGh jKh Sh dU
SWh ,fGh HGG (eG) NG
jh j dG OG``G e gZh G
jh ,`````dGh QGh`` dG ```U``Nh ````dEG ``S``q `dG
U CG EG aVEH Y hH jk hj dP
IA```c hhP OG`` `aCG ``H ``` j ``N``G Q````dG
GQdGh QGdc k TCG a dY
.GFdGh
`` e`` dG `` b ``` e ``` f``` ` dG `` `Hh
a ,Q````d fhQj G``f``ch fJG
H dO ej i``NCGh fj
Y ```dG M Ujh ,i``NCG FHh
c gH dG e jdG AbG
.b e
````e `` ` `dG ``` ` ` dGh QGh`` ` ` dG ``` ` ` jh
H Y d UN H fLCGh
J `` ` gCGh ``H `` eh ,i`` c`` dG `````S ``` Y
YU ``N``J ``` dG ``````dG ``Y`````dG
```Y ``c GR ``e `` `dG ``` ` dG ``` ` G
c ,``cCG hCG e ``MGh eG Y Uj
dG
12
Qf WEH WT eh LG e OY Y g
RjhQ -jQH
Me Y f G eCG fdG WdG Sh
INS U e T 12 b fCG j d
.```e```SEG ``jO`````e ``H``J ``e `` fCG j ```g ```jQ```H
QT U Y dG bGh M hOh fa IOb Uhh
Qe ``cP ``NBG O``M h .WGdG Y g fCH h``HEG
UCG hH IKCe aJ WT EG Fb Qeh WdH
UCG ``b WdG ``f``ch .```jQ``H ````H Q``f `` WEG ```H
MGh e WCG CG H Qh``e WT UCG c dH hH
fa CG``Hh .IQS j CG b Y UUdG ``bCG Y
M G``b ``j``dG WdG ``LQh dG Y OG``M ``j
eSG e e ``jCG Y A``` HQCG ```eCG hCG U
.fa A``` fCG T `` YCG fh .Tc bH
fEG db BG M W fd GQU WdG QUCGh
32) TGc Sh jT dG gh zG```Nh e{
Jh .eCG ILCG bG dH KG jh (eY 34h
i``NCG ``f``j``dGh ```SEG e jdH h``HEG QT U
eSEG hO`````e O``gh .SdG dG ``Y a
be Y jdG Jg H g H fa GQGe
dG eG R``Yh jaCGh ```ShCG dG eSEG
.gQEG ae fGb VG
GjJ ``LG``J fa EG ```d``a ``j``f``e AGQR`` `dG ````FQ ``bh
id ahe dG CG ``cCGh e d j HgQEG
fc GPEG e ae fGhC HdG e fCG VCG d .eCG ILCG
fC G.`` J.QCG ``YGPE ``bh .JQN e fg dG
.jdG f CG Y ...He `` fc ahe
e dYG iL UTCG S CG VCGh .OGM j dG
H U Y e EG WdH QOe dbh .dG
``MCG ``j``g ```Y ````dG `` fEG Q````e `` bh .``````F``dG H
.IG H g dG IQdG jg bH e jNCG
M Yj T S ,AHQCG eCG hCG e NCe bh h
RjhQ -JcL
RjhQ -d
RjhQ -S
RjhQ -dH
RjhQ -H
Sd HdG FdG eL eM JG
YH jaEG Z bGdG dG QG
HS jeCG jL J IU Y
.eL j FdH MWEd Ta dh
dH IG ``j``dG dhDe ```dCGh
SJ YCG LQ g- LQ Y dG
``` ` j``eCG G``` dG ````U `` N ``` Lh
QdH eJG dEG GLhh -faCG
.IeGDG
,``dh```d ````G ``j`````dG `` `YGPEG ``` H h
RjhQ -TGh
JH AadG Y IQO``H e KK Y Hc LaCG
AS I````G ``j``dG ``g````J T 53 G``` S `` W
.jdG H bdG d HhP QWG dPh ,SS
Y ``L``aCG ```H```dG ``e```G G ```VQ```e A`````f `` bh
eCGJ gh JQe SLQa fHh JQe SLQa jO
Y dG dG dG ``ch .dG e Y SdG
NG H GT 30 dH Y Mh 2012 jO
dK LQ G e ``bh .dhdH hDe jJh eH
KdGh .jG MGS WG GfGe ha jfG Yj
.VQe YL gh Hd WdG OG AYG L
Ye Y f Rjhd jJ YG IG g A``Lh
13
dG
cdG - UGY
dG sj ,i``NCG L ``eh
EG ````W G``Y``` ` e ```a``b ````U``J ``````dG
j e d Se LH fe
jQdG M je VQG Je Y
`````d``H ``` V``G `````dG ``e``` G `` Yh `` ZQ
```S``H ``` ` G `` ` bh .`` N`` d`` H ```````d
cdG - OGH
RjhQ - IfCG
``e `` s ` ` J `` `e `` ` c`` J `` s ` `M
;MdG Y d WGe
O`` G `` ` `eCG ``` V``dG ``X
Y jJ ``` YCG ,O``` dG
SEH a b U
.cJ GFW
of ``` dG- I``Ys ` dG rA`` Lh
`` ` `LQ`` G IQGRh `` `b`` `e `` ` `Y
rCG H -``f``fEG Y cdG
jG G cT rUCG
G jHCG zjOG{ H `Se ``Y ``Gh ..``aQ ANEG ``e ``fdG ``MG AH :``e
g ``Y dhDH e ``e```JG ,I``Z ```b Y
Jh .A`````S ````G ````Gh `` eCG G``b J
jG dG ``d```Jh ``e```JG ``g ```FGO ``c``G
.e eCG Y UM EG Jh ,J eGO dOCH
fi s EG Fb Qe ``b ,fK L ``eh
b H d ``j``HCG 21 O``M IgdG jL
Y G Se fi HdG FdG a cj
.M ``HEG jge H J H G G``NEG
LMG H 2013 dj Se ``Y G ```YCGh
bh Y cTH dG Jh .M Y ITM
``jO``G b Q``N ``d ```VQ```eh ```S`` ``j``jD`e ``H
IY ```f e EG OCG 2012 ``Y jO ```S``F``dG
QSO ``YEG H dfG LMG ``N UTCG
.JS f Sj HdG FdG QUCG
cdG - IgdG
fdG MG GAG``LEG ,eCG ,jG dG Cr G``H
G ``e``bE ;```f````S A`` `LEGh `` aQ ```j``e A`` NEG ``e
.IZ b e OhG Y gDhfEG eG dRdG
e ``e 500 ae A`` LEGh A`` NEG Y Jh
b e NCG iNCG e 500 EG aVEG ,jOhG G
``dGREG YCG b jG eG fch .hCG MG
N a ``dR``Y e A````fE edH ``aQ je
``bh .I`` Z ``e Oh`` G ``j````dG ``e ``e````c S EG
De - QMM dG Y AGdG AS T afi
b e OhG Y dRdG G AfEG :EG -U
Jh .edH jG ``aQ je ``dGREG j I``Z
2044 hD`J e 1220 G``M dGREH G A``NEG N
dG WGG
14
M
`
`d
edG Sj /jJ
:UGd
muwatin.sahafi@alroya.info
!!do nn HQo Y
adG S
o
n Lh
p
G
GP
Z GPEG
moY H dh
p
bdG g Y aW
kf MC
p G
kG pT GgCGh
kGLhn h kYh
mb dEGh
!!adGh
p dG p SCG Y
f kf oe
Qs Y og
b S
o
dG t J
o
CGh dGh
jU j g
GdCG S
p
Fb S
!! do n Hn Qo Y
G n TGh
fCG n Zh
!! jQ rSGh
!! do j odo
m L e gM j
!! fEG pW j
jU j og
MCGh pdH
jJ S
n ` `` ` ``p `Th
``F``` ` V `o ` ` `` `u ` `` `dG `
jG dG
ig e S eh
GpdG o o J
HGT H j
AVdG d
!! GfH fh
rLSGh .. rLSGh
!! GQh e b e
o
o j mH dG
o
!!
YC
G fCGh
l
k d Il TY
fYe
!! oJCj mbh hQCG j
Ma j ..OGDa n Y j
o
!! dG
MCG e n jpO e
o
: dG Jg J
!? TdGh n fT`dG o cJCG
AfH (Rha) EG oG fs Lh
TdG G Y
!..IH
QdG g
e JOd f
G``j h ;`` j`` G ``` dG CG`` `H ``b ``g
Q`` N ``` ` G ``` ` ` ` dG ``d``L `` f`` e
``J```HCG ```dG dG ``ah```d ,``W``dG
CG eCG ch ,dH d Qd qY
k ` L``Y ```d``L O```j
dG C` `H ``gh
.adGh
JOY hj GQUh GQc a
f a ,```G ``e ``MCG Y fG
Y fM
g a .jdG HZ Y
p
jCG bTG g ch ?oY j HZ
?BG dG dG
FdGh ,CG``H ``b ``j``G ```dG ``g ``g
U hH q e bh ,fCG iG
JCj j c a .b T AHCG J
j hCG fj C``f ````S f ;
Q``` ` ` dGh `` `jC`` `a .ih`` ` L hO ``` dh
``JO``Y IQ``` ` H `````j ``````Lh ````
d GYf ;T ``Hh kjCG Lh .d
U dGR h fc ,S e AdH
..G OdG gY hH Y
S j dG T bh Ya
hj DhHCa ,fHCG j d Y ;OO``J
Q````dG `````J `````e ``` W``d ``JO``Y
A`` H ``````d ,I`` j`` L ``` ` ` T h`` ` `T
CG T Hh .OQH T d H dG
fk eCGh k M fY Ce e j d fAYO
``` HCGh fS ``` TG Q ```a ;````j
K dCGh he c fY ``Yh Y
.jG dG bRQCGh adGh dG
Hithamamoori@gmail.com
jedG HG
r H
Ir G o J BG cu ..u Qp dG o SJ o
rIeG Td
r ..H n dG e s d
p Y H a
r Ao dGh lhY l e
Ir nG p dG p BG p H e ..J
Ie dGh eCG Yj ..M kFg OGDa Hh
d n dG Gg ZJh ..Ir H o J k ab o MG
rIe o LdGh jG hJ ..MH Qo dG AL GPEG M
t
Ir G H l U n d ..gAn GOQ GdG
p Xo Y Jh
k
rIG VjdG
o
n
r ..MV ck e b H hj
P fY S
S H dN
TG jb
d g Va
YTCG dG JCj
dG J j
dG HQ dG
eCG QOZ AT c
..MCG
...gBG
..GMCG
IMdG SJ GTCG
dG Cc
FTCG ba
QG aO
JGN hM
LdG cCG hZ
pG QG W
jM W fCG
JGU QfG fc AGUCGh
... pJ
L jQM j
d AM j
Fe jM j
eCG jGhR eJ ZCG IMda
... pJ
JM GdCG ...j
e J jM ...j
... pMoCG
W UJ
IG Y c
bTG ae
15
fOh jO
HGdG MG H de : GTEH
malik@alroya.info
(2-2) s J CG j ge
dG a
jNBd VdG hO ,ddHh Ke Y jH dh
dh VJ CG G d ,e dG h gYe r nL h
e H dG gf s s EG .Ke Y HOCG jH
c hjh ,dG jM Y Jo dG dG GQG``G
d dG s CG Y ``j ,N Y j CG e ``W
dG J oQh ,Gd QfG EGh Fd UdG
adG j dG AdG QG``G g G .dP S
```dG ``g Fd ```U``dG ```Lh ,dG ``e j
QG``G ````aEG ``fC``T ``e ``e ``c ``Wh QG``G ``j``Zh ````SCG
j s co Rj M AT jG e d dc .fL
dG gdJh JGOYh bh d ``b``NGC dG
dGdGh ddG ha L Y ``Hv CG ``g``KQhh Y G``Ht ``J
fC ``Y``j c dh ,dG ``j``M ``H ``e G
``Yh ``j``NBG Ye G``MG ``gh SSCGh gQe a
GOYh M Sa ;bM Y dGh gYe L
.gRhh Y dG j NCGh dJh
zbdG b{ :eG G
;bdG b QT ```dG ``S```dG ``e c ``a``j
gGa ;bh H j e FYOG M fC
,``j``NBG J h gJ aJh ```aCG fj
bdG j e a ;JMh U Y Ks CG Qh
dCH j e eh ,G````dGh NdGh GQH
NGC GdG Ig j e eh ,fhdEG
Yd dG dG j e eh ,HdGh e
o AD` `g ``ch ,``` dG j ``e ````eh ,```j``W
H Q``LGC c .bdH IOSG Y dG s c hHh
j bda ;IOSGh IOaEG dG Ua Ghj CG
So fEa dG dh ,e j EG MU
:dG Aj bh ,a Y GPeh b c bh Y
Y Qo```j ``M Gv` L ```o GD```dG ?````bh f ```c
gGOCGh H gG d LGhh H doe s oe oe
LGh AGOCG eEG a ;JM bdG b e Lh
bh d Hch IAG``b hCG IOY hCG dJ hCG M hCG
hCG FbUCG e dG j a Lh dh ,Ga bh
Ioe VjQ hCG fGLh FbUCGh eMQC IQjR hCG gCG
cCG dG f . Jh gGe J jGg hCG
gCG e d bdH gG e Sf CG e
gGG ch SdG Y iPCG ch ,IG GQhCG JJ
eh Vd dG gG g Ic .G IOaEGh
a ;aGgCGh eGeh FM Y dG EG G Y
dG NdG adH gYGb e fh gJ s
j ``dG dHh ,G Z ``YE``Hh H f
OdG A```H QhOh dSQ uOD` `j H ```H``Zh d
.Gh ISCGh
eSEG dG :dG G
s CG EG -`````dG ```a ``` U``N- ``S``` dG ``e o ` ` ` dG o ` `o `` j
bh ``N Jh ,V fe ```dG G fe
,``j``NBG ``e jS ``h ,```bh ```JGh IOQ```eh Sh
IdG ``g ``e ``cGC An ``G HdG ``YEG j ``os Qh
ae ```d ```M```U ```s ```j ``u ```G A`` Gh ,``jhGO``` ` dG
``eh ,`` `YEG ``e j ``e ```Y O``` ` YGh ,``` UCG ```f```
C .Yh a H j
eSEG dG s CG g o UGh
dGh ``dG ```e dh ,d IO```bh IO``jQ ```e
``NGC EG ``f``Y``j ``` dG BG``` dG PEG ;``bG``` d ``````SGh
fO e IOSGh MUEGh IG fGh SCH
,``YEGh dG ```UEGh G ``jO EG SdG I``YOh ,I``NBGh
A``HGB jQJh eSEG HdG e e ge Vhh
```Hh ;A`` ` HGC ```H``J ``` eGC ``` ` SCG ```J``H `` ` eCGh
.IFdG IFGdG G eSEG dG CJ jdG
zWdG :ddG G
bGG Y dd oj oe :WdG ..``jG``H
J ;YGh OG``aCG b e Wd IjDGh HjEG
G GR`` ` `EGh G`` `dGh ``a````dGh ``jQC` ` d``H n ` ` ` dG
``dP EG `` ` eGC ``` c ````e `````Y ```a`````d OG``` ` ` SGh
YCGh Qd oe Vnr h e dG H j eh ,S
EGh ,WdG e A``L EG g e Wd eJ GQdG Y
;GQdG Y ``b``dG e ``aQCGh ``dP e SCG Wda
L H ,a aoj Y hCG aoj GQT d Wda
,dGh dG d UNEGh WdG eN mJh Yh
``JQ````o U ``j````J `` Yh -``` b``e ````M `` c- ```Y `` a`` dGh
jdG ``W``dG `` NCGh GO```H tdGh ,Q`` Gh ``NG``dG
gJh jNBH KCdG Yh KhQG IG dGh
t d .gQT bh eh d
WdH n f r CG G
dG dh d YJ dG jdH dh ,Joeh
H Shh ``H f ``dG ```a``dG ```G I``FGO ``e h`` Gh
d WdG Ys e e H if CG M SDG e ,hNBG
Gdc WdG SG dG QXEG UG HSCG
Y u dGh H ,dG bYEGh GSGC dGh bdGh
n eh MG in` fn r CG s f .``fhR``G Z dH IQ``G
Jh Y SG aJ jH oY n L t j HGh a
fah KGH cDJh ,UCG dG Th NCG
.QGUEGh Y H IG UGoeh J
RedH dG
Sd MQ JG
`
`
`
j
h
n
n
n n r o r n o u n o n p n u sdG
n Ghn `r `go n ` ``r UEGp `r `o `r `Yn o ` ``n ` jn hn
n`` ` rZC
G``o `eBn G n``j`p `ds ``an `r ` p``r `n`Yn `r `fn ``cn ``p `ds G
G`` o ` `n ` `Js Ghn o ho ` ```n `` `fn hn o hQo s ` ` ` ` `Yn hn p ` ` Hp
o go `
n `p ` dn hCGo o `n `en np ` ` `fr oCG `p `ds G Qn ``t `dG
.z no p r o rG
Mh M Y Jh ,``j```dG
dG eSEG dG SJh JhJ
```fs CG ```c ,``` dG ``H```c ````dEG `` Yn On ```dG
adGh GQ``` dG c Ua
.jdG jGh dG BGdG
UM QWEG JCJ HoG sCG cjo h
````gG ```Y I``` ` dGh ````d A``` b ````M
sJ M ;``j```dG G H TdG
s o dG sEG dG S H Qr Hn YG sdG o j
dG ,G dH AL -Sh Y G sUn X d Ajo ,fEd GQk f J G n Ln
t e Ljo h ,IG
jjh ,QdG EG dG
dG dG sCG GcDeo ..e GU EG
f VGeCG e ffEG fJ AdG g
GfGh ,SSh ObG Jh ,Nh
ReQo GYH dP Geo .HJh a
;T OQfH dH j h .fCG dG
LQ
m EG j e MCG dG{ sCG cDj M
,SdG hdG jdG LQ sCGh ,s o J
k
s o jd GSn Qn b ,dG
hCG d fh
t
k
,d Ghv Y fhj Gfc d ,b
Ik QUo
q qd
JLa ,LdG Gg eCG Y WG
k
k
.zbQN
HYC
G
HGdG de - jDhdG
t
mSo n Hp Gk un eo hn Ip GQn r `s `dG n``ep s n ` jn
s nan `o `n `Mr CGn o o SG
r `p `r `Hn `r `ep ``Jp rC`jn
p u n dr pH `r `go An ``Ln
l r Sp Gn` gn G``do ``bn n
.z
l p eo
BGdG Qf
G``s `o sCG EG ``` dG ````jo h
A`` L -`` ` `` `Sh ``` ` Y G `` ` `` `UG ``` n ` Ln `` `dG ,``` G ``` ` d``H
Ajo ,````fEG G```d GQk ``f ```J
``e `` L`` ` `jo h ,I`` ` `G `` `X `` d
EG ``j```jh ,Q``` dG EG `````dG
````dG G`` g ,```````G G``` ` dG
``` f``` J ``` A``` ` ` dG ```g ``` ` ` dG
``````f `` `VG`` `eCG `` e ``` f``` ` fEG
O`` ` `` `` `bG `` ` `` `` `Jh ,`` ` `` `` `Nh
,HJh a GfGh ,SSh
pnp dr G n``gr nCG jn { :J G a
G
o u n jo ndo So Qn or cAn Ln nr b
k p cn or dn
or jn hn pnp dr G nep noor J or r co
s p
p s n``ep `r `co An ``Ln `r `bn m``p `cn `r `Yn
Ql ``fo G
o s p Hp p r jn
n n Js G pen G
l p eo n
l cp hn
r o Lo pr jo hn p `n ``s ``dG no So o `fn Gn ```rVQp
p `n ` o ` `t `dG n`` `ep
p ` ` fp Pr Ep ` ` Hp Qp `` t ` `dG pn EG `
m n Up pn EG r pjp r jn hn
.z mnp r eo G
sCG ```dG Q``H ```YG`s `dG ``cD`jo h
-````Sh ````Y G ````U- G``s ` o
``` ` dG G`` ` `d ``` ` ` Y `` ` `e `` `c
,cSh dGbCG a ;dG
eh JN h ,``b```Sh H h
,``J``e```eh ``JGO``` Y h ,``S``` dG
Yh ,fH JQGh ,N a
QNG ,g eh .YNh Jb
EGh ```f````fE`d Ih`` b ```J G
:J b a ;YdG J Cr G
p s p```o `SQn p or dn n``cn `r `n `dn {
Il n ``r `SCGo G
n s ``Lo `r `jn n``cn `r `n p l n n Mn
n r ` n ` dr Ghn G
n s n ` `cn Pn hn n ` `NBp Gr
c G``d .zG
k ` p ` cn G
``` Y``W `` `L`` `H `` `` ` dEG `` ` ` eCG
r``bo { :```J db ``H AG``` bGh
n s Go Wp nCG
pr E`an nSo s dG Go Wp nCGhn G
or r nYn hn nu Mo en p r nYn nps Ean Gr ds n Jn
b
P
G
E
h
:J
j
M
Y
`
n`
r
p
n
n
pu EG n``` Fp Gn ` `r `SpEG ``p ` Hn ``jn
n n `r ` `en o`` Hr G
p s o```o `SQn
`
n r `Hn ``np ``bk u ```n `eo `r `o ` r ` dn EGp G
He
FdG S - ihf
Aa ;AedG Sh
o QG HCa ,fGh
e S `` LQO h ,``eQ``Y Va ``S```dGh
H ,a HdG dG d dGh qdG
fG bJ jdG fa IQG ALQCG c
jdG d HdG AfCG H H c Qf
d d bdG a ;``G e jEH
jdG fCG d MQ a IQG ALQCG d
.a TY dG dG e
Y G U- dG s sEG dH NGh
T Yh jdG Y G Qj CH J -Sh
s
a jdG hDdGh bhCG IQGOEG f
dG icH M ,ihf jh ,eCG ,NGdG
cRCGh IdG aCG MU Y- jdG dG
Y SH MG nYn M -dG
jdG Id AMEG G sTh ,G Sf
edG e QG bd ;IdG jdG
.G d IdG IdG eh
H S H M dG IOS MG ``Yn Qn h
dG q ` ` G QH ,ih`` f Gh `` ZCG S
AYCG IOdG UCGh ,dG GY H gGR
Ih``` H ``` G CG`` ` Hh ;`` j`` d`` H iQ``` ` dG ``` `
fCG ba ebh ,G cdG e u H ``jBG
dOh SG gCG Y Y jO Gf IG
.dG
;c ,``` dG G``` Y ``H `` gGR q ` ` G ``` dCGh
EG Q``` TCGh ..I``` ` dG i``c``d``H ````G ````a C` q ` g
jcP A```MEGh SG A```MEG GhO```YG G CG
Y A``` ` dG ``````Jh -``` ` dG ````Y- ``````G
e ``e e A```ME -Sh Y G U- JS
g e jcdG IOSGh ,G i``d Y
U- JOH dG n fn M ;dG KOG
kGq eo ,G YGS Y kGq eo -Sh Y G
OG XH OTQEGh YdG Qe Ad `a dG hX Me be
G Sj - e
XG AH ``s ``G dG ``j``a NG
``Y``dG Q```````e ``` S``F``H ,``k ` j``M ``` ` ` G
`` jR`` dG ``` ` ` dG `` ` `e ``` ` O`` ` `` ` ` TQEGh
JGAd ,```Uh``G ``g ``H ```S Q```c``dG
SHb dG eH ``Y````LG YH
G```T``Gh YGdH ,```eCG ,TH ``cCG
BG`` ` `dG `` ` `SQ`` eh ``a``` ` G G`` Y`` ` `` `eh
;````c Q``` ` M ``` Sh ,`` `SQG`` `G ``` L``eh
LCG e gh JLMG Y bd
,dH AJQd gL iQb H
h
t
.JY Y IG feCG
```Uh``G `` g ``H ``` S Q``` c``dG CG`` `Hh
e dG VH c dG ja FQ
dN e IQGR``dG J dG GAdG g
``` ` dG ``M``` S `` j`` ``` Y `` ` `WG EG
ie ``e J ```dG ``b```G Jh
Y ```Jo ```dG ``F```S``dG ``Y ````dGh AGOCG
JGb ``Yh ,adG EG cG G R``EG
``d``ch ,``````Sh `````S ```j```Hh ,``````G
```J ``` dG AGQBGh ``M``` G ```Y ``` ` dG
``bG``dG ``````e``e ````H `` ` WCG ``a``c ``e
dG Y ` dU
`` `bhCG IQGOEG ``j``e OG`` `G ``` Yo ``H ``` S `` `Yn Qn
CG``HG{ IQhO n ``` N ,Q``` X a ````j``dG hD` ` ` dGh
,zG ```c ``e`` G``c``e e ```L H
Y YUh IQ aZ H ,ej s SG dGh
.QX a
``j``e ``` ` dG G``` Y `````dG Q``` c``dG ````n V``Mh
n
hDdG IFGH dG BGdG d e he
HdG GQ`` `eEG ``dh``H ``G ````dGh ```e```SEG
LG FCG raSG dG IQhdG - dG IG
LGdG dG VSGh -dG BG```dG eh
S dG Gh ,G c eM id gaGJ
dG i``d `` YG`` HEG ``f``Gh ,Q``c``` ` SGh ``` G
J W WG gG H dch ,aG
.d dG dGh G J dG G c
```Y ``j``` ` dG GO``` ` T `` ` `G ``` M `` `YGQ sRhh
YdG S ``H e s` bh ,IQh`` dG cQG
,Vd YQO H CGHG WdG G FQ
.SG YGd NBGh
``e`` ``` ` G ``` ` ` dG Q`` ` WEG IQh`` ` `dG rA`` ` `Lh
s M ;G
H CGHG WdG G f
dG gdCG ,dU jh be GV IsY
d e he je dG GY QcdG
.dG IG HdG GQeEG dhH dG BGdG
```V``G ``` KEG A````e hCG I``` V``` G r``dh``` Jh
,e YLG fL ,bY e ,ZH eH
dG Uf - Y
eN EG dG a ``j``W o j
```jh ,GQ``` ` t ` `` fCG ``ZQ ,IQ`` ` fEG
``` ` Th `` ` ` `jOhCG G`` ` ` h ``` ` ` L ``` S``` S
,jOJe Y IQN jo ;eh
```G ``` YCG ``e Q`````dG ``b````J ``X
c ,``` F``` ` dG `` H`` jo `` ;``j``` dG ``` Y
Y G``` N ``` ``` F``` ` dG `` fG`` ` `G sCG
``Y `` gCG ```T```jh .``j```dG eeo
G``` SE` d `````G ``` G ``` HG``dG `````eh
ceCH jM S Jh ,jdG IQ``fE`H
jo ``dG bdG `` dGREGh ,QdG J
.jdG OJe Y IQN
g dG a ``j``W sCG EG Q``` ` jo h
``jh `` HQ ```J ``` dG ``````dG ``g```e `` MCG
``g```S ``` M ``j``W `` gh ,I`` `YG`` `dG `` Y
``jQh``G ``c``G ```H`````fG ``M````aG ```e
16
zYLG dG{
N bJ WdH
jG dG Y
G dW ` SdG
``` ` ` ` dG I`` ` ` ` `FGO `` `` ` `` `` ` Yo
,`` ` `eCG ,``` ` S``d``H ``` Y``` ` LG
H H eY SFH LG
dG Y je G eY
````T ``` ` a``` ``` Y``` ` LG
N ````b``` ;``` W``` dG ``` Lh
.2015 d jjH dG
`` ` `LG`` e `` ` ` ` `` ` `LG `` ` p`` ` `n` ` Th
```f ``` dG `` eG`` dGh ``` ` ` fCG
R``EG ``eh ,2014 ```dG ``N
`` LCG `` e `` `` ` YCGh ``jQ``` ` e `` e
,``` ` a``` G ```WG```G `` e`` N
``` Y``` ` LG `` j`` Y`` dG `` `` ` Jh
``e``G Q`` `WEG ``` ` fG``L ``` H
WGd IQGR```dG eJ ```dG
.FGT
GQOG M Y M
AH G
s fo dG - Ag
jH ,eCG ,Y M bC
G
r
G GQO``` G ``M ,A````g
GQO`` ` ` ` `G I`` ` ` ` FGO `` `e ``` ` ` ` H
hdH ,dG IQGRH G
``e``` ` d ``e``` dG `` j`` j`` G `` e
.SdG a dG
Vh EG dG M `
o `` Jh
eGH jdhCG Fb Y dG
dhDG L Y
,dG CG jJh ,YdG
``` Y``` ` LG ``` ` ` ` dG ``````h
N e ;eGG jObGh
````````d ``` ` ` ` dG ``cQ``````G
.dG GQOH G
O``Y
n ``` J ````G ````s ```Jh
``bQh :``gR``HCG ;````dG GQhCG ``e
GQO`` ` `` ` ` G ```` `` `e `` ` `M ```` `Y
ig IQcdG eb
s ,G
I``FGO je HdG N H
``b``` J ;``` ` ` ` ` G GQO`` ` ` ` `G
GQO```G jJ EG dN ``e
,``` YG``fCGh `` ` `aG`` gCGh ```````G
```M````d ``` ` S``` SCG `` eG`` ` `dGh
``` ` S``` SCG P``````dG `` e ``` ` Hh
,dH G GQO`````d
``` ch ,`` ` `d `` ` `H`` ` `jEG Q`` ` ` `KBGh
,Ya GY a G j
;cGdG e ch
``e ``` ` ` G h`` `` ` J `` ` N `` `e
.iNCG YdG
n G`` fCG ```f```dG ``bQ``dG `
r `dh``` Jh
;d IRu G G GQOG
QcdG dN e J
G GQO``` G ```N ````c
`````c EG ,IQGR`` ` d`` ` H ``` ` ` ` dG
MGG GGh IQOH Ar n dG
``j``a ```````c ;``` d ``` ` S``` SCG
``` ` cEGh `` ` `bEG ```Y QO`` b ```Y
`````G ``` a ``` ` L `` e ``` ` dG
``` H``` Gh ``` ` ` ` dGh ``` ` ` ` dGh
`` e`u ` bh .GQO`` ` `` `` `d ``` ` ` ` dGh
KdG M Y ``bQh H
G fCd h``` dG
i`` `NCG `` ` bQhh ,``` ` ` ` d IRu ` ` ` ` G
h```dEG dG f ``M
.Yd
AjH Y - L
``j``H ```f````dG ICG`` `G L r`````NG
IQh``dG da ,```eCG ,YH H L
``e I`` ` `dG ``` ` ` s``f ``` dG ````````dG
;Q``G jj ``e edG Mh SOdG
```ah `` ` `WCG ``e``` SQ ``` ` { G``` ` H
``dPh ;z````e ``e````dG `` Wh Jf
EG ``aO``` dG ``` G``dG `````N ``` ` V
.eCG YJ
dG ``cQ ```u ``e IQh`` dG r``a`````SGh
```L `` j`` H ``` f``` ` dG ICG`` ` `G ``````H
edGh ,MH H Lh ,YH H
,UG ```WCG ``V``jQ eh ,G`` dGh
J ,cQeo jYh KG gOY Hh
dGh gG e Y dN e
17
He
SdG `a WdG M j
``` dG ``j``` ` dG Q`` ` ` eCG `` e `` W`` dG `` M
oj CG kjZ d Gd ,Y fEG Yj
Y Th
s ,VQCG Y Cf dG Wh fEG
CG k``j``Z d `` fCG ```c ..``J````L ``Hh ,G`` K
eY Wd OdG H fEG j
l EG dP a ,NBG me EG QOoj
Ib Y dO
..AfG Uh JQG
oH ,fEG Y WdG M j dh
jO dJ q EG M ,```dEG AfG U e
o G eSEG
eh ;WdG M Y
fCG ,Sh Y G U dG Y q U e dP
Wh gh d kYqOe eG e Woj bh
SY
m H G Y Y hQ a ,e NoCG dG
U G SQ b :``b ``fq CG Y G VQ
psMCGh ,H e pWCG e{ : Sh Y G
s EG
oS e pe ``L``NCG eb CG ``dh ,
.z pZ
U G ```SQ q CG Y O```U ```dO G``gh
Y j ,jdG oe ``gh Sh Y G
fj CG e ``c Y G``d ,``W``dG ``M
OdG G e e bk fG Wh eN
..````jO dJ U ``e j `` dGh ,``d
,dG H J kd j CG j Wda
.YG cd Jh ,IaCG J eh
,a dh dG dH Kq Cj fEG c GPEGh
d q Ea ,JGN e TYh ,HGJ Y Cfh
a eh ,FdG e a ) Y dG
J Ik c m```LGhh kbM (fqG e
,HGdG Mh ,QGG Mh ,Iq`NoCG M
qCG ````fEG Y ```dG ```G ``e ``g``Zh
LdG Y jODjo CGh YGoj CG eh meR
.Wd e kMh Ak ah ;G
CG ````b ``b ``` J G ````M ``f``c GPEGh
gd `` ` VQCG `` g ``` ` fEG ```````jo
e a j CGh ,IHh i``g Y
H d Il oe fq CG S ,jdGh dG
fEG oM q Ea ;eh mGN e a e
g ``EG ,Y aG Y UMh ,Wd
l
fS a b dG SG
n nCG n `go | :Jh
r co n n r n SGn
r h `p `VQr nCG `n `eu r co nCf
eSEG HdG QhO EG :dG h znpa
Y `` W`` dG ``` H Q``` ` ` dG `````J o ` ` ` ` j
QSG Y fEG HJ :j a fEG
H - Y Mh m HS maCG e Wd e
,QXCG ef e -Jh fS G a
IGR`` `h ,``` ` G OQ ``` Y ``` ` H``J q ` `K `` eh
jO dJ CGh S ,````ME``H ````MEG
dEG TJh dP Y G eSEG
s EGp p```n `` Mr Ep G Ao BGn ` ` nL `r ` gn | :```J ``d``b c
. }o n Mr pEG
e IO``Gh G QL q `e Y ``U``Gh
e m ` L O``` jE ,```e A``L CG ``W``dG A``` HCG
jdG ,``F````YCG ``H QRB` ` dGh ``NB``dGh ``dB``dG
kSoe kGMGh kGL Y
.G hdG LGe
A`` ` `` `fG `` `M `` S`` Z `` ` `G `` `e `` `d`` `ch
,``G ``dP e VJh ,Wd ``H```jEG
SDG fl N e oG c Hh
Gh SQGh dc G jHdG
`` YEG ``F```Sh ``Yh ````dG ``` eh O``` dGh
.Fe hCG k Ye hCG Ik Ahe G
,``e``Y `````Gh ```U``N ``` ` fEG I```M EGh
c Qoj eY ,WdG VQCG Y k c J
N H a LGdG e Y e a Om ``a
..b
```Y A`` ` ` HCG ``` H``J ``` ` f CG `````j ``` c
```a```Gh ``J`````eh ``W``dG G`` N ``j```J
G M e dG ,Joeh aGe Y
k ec e H j CGh H j CG
Z
..Ue
YdG SEG j Gg c q CG UGh
``W``dG ``e``N ``fC``T ``e ``e ``c ``H``` jEGh
hCG kY hCG db SEG dP c Al GS aQh
LGh dP q C ;Ge hCG m CG h ,kja
IFdGh dH Y Oj l `eCG gh ,G
. YGh OdG iG Y
eCH NEG Y Jj eCG d qdG
dP OQ Y dGh ,WdG eSh
Y adG .MoGh G feEGh FSdG
. dG hCG dH dP EG LG Y WdG
G VY - dU
b GY /jJ
FdG S - ihf
a dG efd bEG dG rbf
dG VGG e Y -hCG YLG - NGdG
V esG ``e``G ioe jJh jH Jo
e d G ``Y``dG ie ``aQ Sh ,dG
dG GTDG X QfG e Gh ,VG Ye
Y ``jOO``Gh G dG V G``jG``J UJ
FMEG S
s M ;aG dG SDG
L ,2014 ```dG jH S je 9400 f
.NGdG afi jH dG SDG
S H dU QcdG SCGj dG- dG Jh
t
Y -aH dG eG Y je FdG
jdG a eh ,UNGh jQSG e
```dG ```F````NEGh ,``j````dG ````ah dG dGh
;I``e hC `````dG ```V`` ```o ``f``L EG ,dG
Jh ``L````MG a ``j``j``G J I```No
.jd YdG ie jJh dG Ve
dG OY- e
s
VGeCG aoeh bGoe I``FGO f
``Y ``M ```Y M ,``` eCG ,``j```G ``Z
oj e hCG ,RcG GVG
dG edG cQ ,dG b
``j````dG ``` ` ah ``` V``` Gh A`` ` `WCG `` e
e `` ` dhCG ``````dG ``j``Y``dG `````SD`
``` a``` ``` ` ` ` dG ``` ` ` SD` G ``` ` flo
.dG
jdG QM H if IQcdG cs CGh
I``FG``H ````h I``` SCG ``W hCG ``F````NEG
AGO QfG f s CG ,jG Z ``VG``eCG
NBG J M ;Ooe OjORG dG
dG AG``d GQdG O``G FMEG
dH dG AGO QfG f s CG EG
Qsjh ,2013 dG jH %14^2 GM H
GH dG dG AGH HG OY
316 `` ` `jo `` M ,``` ` ` T ``` ` e 382
``gh ,R``c```G GVH e
oS dG dG dG dH HdG H sMQ
..SQac eGO QG jj N HdG H
;FGG e jdG Y UM G```SCG a ``gh
,``` ` ` dG hQ ``Y``` ``J``j``J ``` a I`` F`` L :``` ` e
,``` ` SGQ``dG `````d ````dG ``Y```W `` c (APW)h
bG cGdG dGSCG-SBG dGSCG h
L SGh f Y SQac aSh .fGL
SdG jh .``` ShCG ````dGh `` `HhQhCGh ````SBG
.dYCG e dG AdGh VQCG GdCGh jQG
e ```c QE` ` H ``` oY s EG `` eGO ``` jh
e G I```G H dG Q````G G``dG
.jG Gh ,AdG jdG RGh ,G
QG ``gQhOh d jdG jQdG j e gh
.ShCG dGh ``HhQhCGh SBG H dG e
e jdG e jQdG JbY H Y KCJh
G S - dG
UN HJ e Y ```gG``HEG G s ` bh
dG edG W s GE :a bh ,G c
KK Qhfi KK Y dG GhCG zdGh
,fdG eN Y kSQ hCG dG Gebh ,jCG
dG e IMe W Md dG Uh
Y SdG Y GSQe dG dG h ,fdG
eN GSG c dG J H LdG
18
health141@hotmailcom9+lHkuH+-5+6,kIgH+ngFH+ILglHg,^_-bN}0gK5b.k=h7+ku9
cH2(*9yHHc1hnHqI
j*4^tG*y:ctHHgMcEGgqq~G*g<hG*eGc6&*
]<HfJ2bD*DwCHf:bD*H
<kpcDEbE&*b@@ mD*qgA
,x~6&*o4b1JgD*
D(*x@@ gD*@@ DwC@@ cJ
x-HBbA4H$b+&*$bB]~8&*
yJ&*@@ -bBH&*$b@@ ~BfC
]<H@@ G&*E<*H*x@@ ~7(*
1]J/H$b@@ +&*bG(*
-&bJ@@ .*x@@ pF*@@ Db<@@ A
]BxsD*JH*x1&bgE<D*
~|0
#}I'+lJG
,x~6&*Hx;Gf_cD*E*DbA]~7xg~zDb+
f/4bsD*f@@ _cD*ib@@ B<H@@ D*Hf@@ ~64]D*H
,x~6&*A,])b~zD*D*HfJ2b~|gB*HxD*H
oD*&b+Kb@@ /(*D*J*wD@@ gmD*H
f/42d@@ ~z0dF*mD*w@@ G<d@@ ~|J_cD*
BD*Ab1*]E]D*E_cD*oD*e~6&**]sg~6*H
A+bmJ(*x@@ .&*D@@ J]Bi*4]sD*@@ <
@@ <@@ D3H@@ G&bgD*Ho@@ D*f@@ <@@ ~zpfJx@@ ~6&*f_cD*AJ]gD*HxgD*f<Jx:
-bGbm-*J]-HE]D*|s~{DfgmD*H
fBD*~zp-EE]D*|s@@ ~{D**wGpF
DEm@@ ~{-HD0EE])bDf@@ <bg/*
2H]pE4b:(*A-bJ*GH
@@ Jx:@@ < @@ D3Hib@@ ~|-*$b@@ +
b@@ ~|-*<]-H@@ BD**x@@ :&b+b@@ ~|-*
fc~zD*ib~|-*@@ ~zp-H,x~6&*2*xA&*+
,@@ 1&*@@ +b@@ ~|-*i*@@ B@@ J]-@@ DwCH
,]0s-A]<b~zJbEE]D*|s@@ ~{D*H
-bB<@@ ~zp-HE]D*EFbJwD*D*
Jx1%*Ef<bg/*
fF<D*i*]@@ gD*H4bA&*]@@ -
4bA&*o*xsg@@ ~6*@@ <@@ gD**w@@ G]@@ gJH
@@ Jx:@@ <@@ D3H@@ E]D*I]@@ Df@@ F<D*
AD3gJHb@@ Gw-<D*.f@@ ~{BbD*
fDbgD*i*sD*
fF<D*4bA&*~{C&*
4bA&*-fE]<q~9-e
i*]@@ gD*w@@ Gf@@ ~{BbEH,x@@ ;bEi
p-bF&*q@@ ~9-HbE2(*<f@@ F<D*
<E]D*,4]Bf-E4x@@ ~D*dm-HKbF
fFD*4bA&*y~{gD*,2b<&*e@@ ~6&*@@ ~{gD*,2b<(*
<@@ JHx@@ ~6&*oD*dDb@@ ~6&*]@@ 0*@@ G
<,x@@ ~6&*$b@@ ~<&*H&*2*x@@ A&*m@@ ~{-,x@@ A
f@@ ~{D*H&*BD*@@ <GxFf/Hx@@ F(bAf@@ E5&2xD*H&*,x@@ ~6&*9xg-b@@ E]A
J42bBx@@ =m-,]@@ Eb/fJx+Hx@@ J
m~{JgD**wA@@ ~D*EgD*<
GxFf/Hx@@ -<2xD*H&*,x@@ ~6&*@@ 4H2JH@@ BD**w@@ GH&*f@@ E5&*@@ -$*5(*
,x~6&*Ee@@ ~6&**wG*]sg@@ ~6b+)b@@ ~|1&*
fFbE2&*@@ +&*f@@ ~{E&*q@@ ~9J&*@@ E]D*
+*&*HEGxAb@@ ~-HFHbg+Hy-i&*]+
GDH:bgD*HbE2(*f~{EEFbJbC
-b0f~64bED(*/xD*HAbgD*4:A%*
Jp-Je@@ ~6&**wG1Af@@ J2bD*
,2b<(*D(*c@@ ~zD*bBb~6E4E&*HbJb@@ ~D*
+bmJ*~7Ab~6
e@@ ~6&* *w@@ G ]sg@@ ~zJH q@@ ~9gD*
&*GH@@ D*@@ 1]gD*@@ A@@ ~6b~6&*e@@ ~6&bC
<BgD*Ho@@ D@@ ~zD*&*E]Dq@@ ~9J
i*1H&*Gebp@@ ~zF*%*p-H:bgD*
]~|D*H/D*JxD*EHbgD*&*HoD*
GD*@@ JxAibg+*y@@ gD*HzD*@@ E
DwCo@@ D*ib<rbmD@@ ~6b~6&*x@@ ~7
f<bg/*ibBD*~zp-fG&*q~9-gJ
|s@@ ~{D*@@ <2@@ -@@ gD*d@@ ~6bD*4b@@ ;(*H
Jx1%*EgEbE@@ ~zp-$*x/EE]D*
bE2(*f~{E2b+&*rx@@ ~7Aq@@ ~9gD*DwC
DwCHb@@ g/*E<-]<b@@ ~zEHb@@ -41H
EfEC~zc-Hrx@@ ~71Eq@@ ~9gD*
bGwg+E]D*|s~{D*JgD*bD*
)b@@ ~|1&*,xc1A@@ g-Hb@@ B(*
f@@ ~{BbE<-4]BH+@@ ~6&*fBbcDH<bg/*
,])bA&*<f@@ _:bsD*-*2bg<*0@@ E]D*
4x@@ ~+<bgB*qc@@ ~|Jg0bE2(*E,/xE
KbA*2@@ gmD*H,x@@ ~6&*H2x@@ D*<b@@ E2(*
Gbm-*HC~6J]gD
@@ E@@ /<e@@ ~6&*@@ GHm@@ ~{gD*
EE*]sg~6*JHf@@ ~zD*fFD*dDb~6&*
K*]JyEpgDbD*<yCxgD*o3F1
m@@ ~{-HbD*w-AE]Df+bmJ*E
ADwCHb@@ D*w@@ Gwg+*y@@ gD*@@ <
+bmJ*@@ ~6bAxJ@@ gD*B*D*@@ +
*]sg@@ ~6*JDwCJx1%b+gB<@@ pF
<E]D*|s@@ ~{D*m@@ ~{gDe@@ ~6&**wG
bEFbJgD*-~{E<f0*x~|+xcgD*
Ewc-gD*i*2mD*Hi*4]Db+,2b@@ ~7(*H
AfjD*45H@@ Ef+D*bD*w@@ -A
Ab-A4*xg~6D~zF
k0H+iHg7'+
@@ + @@ <bg/* )b@@ ~|1&* ]sg@@ ~zJ
E]D*EDb+fc-xD*f/D*dDb~6&*
dDb~6&*wGgs-HfJ2b@@ ~74*f+bD*$b.&*
]0<fDb0CHx;d~z0Ix1&fDb0E
)bBbp~9J
@@ E]D* f04b@@ ~|E @@ - f@@ /*D*
fJ@@ ~zD*x=*B&*HibAx@@ ~|gD*HibC@@ ~zDb+
b<fc-xgD*n)bgD*q~9-Hf+=xD*x=H
q@@ ~9-<,4]D*Kb@ @~J&*f/*D*@@ -b@@ C
f/*D*H]J]p-H4bcg1*H~zD*x=~zD*
D(*]@@ J/<e@@ ~6&*H2@@ ~|EH*HA
bE9*x=&*pJ-H~zD*x=~zD*<xgD*&*
gD*fEHbD*dDb@@ ~6&*@@ <x@@ gD*e
b<dgD*HE]D*bJ]cJ
J~{gD*HJxpgD*E*<<xgD*i
bEEbgD*Hx<b~{D*HxD*d~|-gD*
@@ A ,@@ D*d@@ F*/@@ <x@@ gD*Hl
b<]-HE]D*f~|s~7
b<]-H~D*dF*/<xgD*Ho
oD*dDb@@ ~6&*]0&*Gf/*D*e@@ ~6&*H
GB*D*o@@ D*H2x@@ D*fE]1A@@ B*D*
2xD*fE]1AfjJ]pD*f/D*1*]D*]0&*
f~|s~{D*ib+*x~9*oDx@@ ~|B1]EGH
i*4]sD*<bE2*f~{EbEgD*H
dDb@@ ~6&*qmF*Ef/*D*e@@ ~6&*]JH
@@ < @@ E]D* @@ E fE]sg@@ ~zD*H f@@ /D*
Ef/*D*@@ -&*d@@ mJ@@ DHi*4]@@ sD*
f/*D*@@ ~zg-H2b@@ pD*@@ zDH`@@ A*]D*@@ D*
DbgD*,xAHH]mD*fBH@@ ~zpD*Hf<x@@ ~zDb+
<]J]@@ ~7@@ ~zFx.&b-b@@ Df@@ /*D*&*b@@ C
J]DJ@@ D*3(*f@@ ~8b1E]D*Ex@@ jD*
<@@ cJ@@ DwDb@@ cgD@@ AbD*2*]g@@ ~6*
"@@ CH"@@ gEf@@ AxE@@ <bg/*)b@@ ~|1&*
p-b+~JfJx+e~6&**wGg@@ ~zJ
,2~|D*fJbD*
eGc6&*5y+&*
ch/*Gg/G*
dDb~6&*]0&*GHDb+oD*e~6&*
G&b-JH2xD*f@@ E]1AfjJ]pD*f/D*
@@ D*@@ Jx:@@ <@@ E]D*H&*@@ ~9xD*
m@@ ~{-a2b@@ cE@@ D(* @@ Db+o@@ D*y@@ -xJH
E]D*|s@@ ~{D*fG&*H@@ -,2b<(*,4Hx@@ ~9
0*D*<EbgG*x@@ ~8HfcD*,b@@ pD
-4]Bm@@ ~{-HDE*xg0b+D3Hf@@ ~9xD*
b<&b+b@@ D*@@ <-4]BH@@ ~zFibc.(*@@ <
fAbF
E,xj+]sg~zJDb+oD*e@@ ~6&*H
8bs@@ ~7&*E<bg/*)b@@ ~|1&*@@ cB
f+bmJ(*n)bgFe~6&**wG0]BHE]D*
-k0@@ E]D*@@ ~9xD*@@ ExjCI]@@ D
6&bD*@@ E]D*dmJ@@ F&*e@@ ~6&**wG]@@ )*A
]Jb+f_E-b0@@ mJHgBH@@ ~{JHD*H
mJH~zD*x-gD*JbCoD*,xgA1
ib)]DKb/bg0*B&*E]D*H&*JxD*
b12(*G_cD*o@@ D*_cD*o@@ D*
f_cD*Hx@@ D*@@ ~zpgDJ]gD*@@ E@@ F&*
f/4bsD*@@ ~D*s-]@@ +]@@ ~7xg~zD
BEAx.'-gD*
ibFbE(*HHx@@ D*HbgJw@@ D*@@ GH
]-ibE]1,4@@ ~8A]@@ ~7xg~zDb+fpD*
<]<b@@ ~z-H+fpD*@@ ~D*s-D(*
_cD*o@@ D*gsJH@@ D-*wDo@@ D*x@@ ~6
fpD*Hx@@ D*g1b+Ix@@ 1&f@@ Db0E
3g1,'+NbH+}9gJ3
fG&b-nE*x+1E/*-gD*i~{D*
f<bg/*@@ -*4bEf@@ -Hf@@ <bg/*f@@ ~zF
$~zD*$bA4~9<dgD*i*4bEH
@@ J2@@ EbgEb@@ ~{F@@ ~9H,4Hx@@ ~9
E]D*~64bJ<bg/*Ab.~9bJ4
-gD*ib@@ cD*fAbC@@ Dw-,4Hx@@ ~9
@@ -b0f@@ ~64bE@@ D(* @@ E]D*b@@ E&* @@ )b0
fcD*
,4Hx@@ ~+E]D*x@@ ~6&*@@ j-Hf@@ <-
b)b+&*k0Hf0D*f@@ Jb<xD*,]0HEHbgD*
b_:D4*xg~6b+,]0D*f/*x+E]D*
f+bgD*H
)b@@ ~|1&*b+JgD*bD*]J]p-
i@@ ~{EAfC4b@@ ~{D*Ix1&**x@@ :&*@@ E
4bjg@@ ~6*D(*b@@ D*wG]@@ -H]@@ ~7xg~zD*
w-<E]D*,]<b@@ ~zEAJx1%*2@@ /
1*2@@ g-bD*w@@ GHb@@ <@@ gD*b@@ D*
f/D*f@@ ~z~6'Db+f@@ 0D*f@@ Jb<xD*,]@@ 0H
bgD*pD*<D3H
b@@ E2]@@ pg-$bB]@@ ~8&Dfc@@ ~zDb+&*
DbgD*pD*<$bB]~8&*E)b~|1&*
@@ < @@ J]cD* $bB]@@ ~8&* x@@ ~|c- t
q@@ ~9-HE]D*i@@ ~{+@@ FbE2*@@ ~6D*
-bB<Hg@@ ~|s~7<c@@ ~zD*bGx.&b-I]@@ E
Jx1%b+
b@@ D*@@ <$bB]@@ ~8&*@@ E b@@ -*t
E]D*@@ pFAe@@ =xD*@@ ~zD*b@@ F&b+
2b@@ c-Hf@@ ~{F&*@@ A @@ EfC4b@@ ~{D*@@ jE
b+bAi*4bJyD*
f@@ <bg/* @@ -bB< @@ ~zp- t
E]Db+-b~|-*H
ibBH&* f@@ ~{F&*@@ A @@ EgC4b@@ ~{Et
+bAi*4bJyD*2bc-H*xD*
@@ E@@ BD*H@@ E]D*@@ E @@ FHb-t
FbE2(*g~{E5HbmgD45&*E]~{D*H
E<bgD*HfC4b~{D*<-]<b@@ ~zEt
Jx1%*
*ygDb+E]D*/-Hq~|+bD*t
fJb<xD*,]@@ 0HAf/D*ib@@ ~zmD*4@@ ~p+
f/D*f~z~6'D*1*2f0D*
,x~6&Dfc~zDb+e
@@ E f@@ <bg/* @@ gB< @@ ~zp- t
@@ A @@ FHb-HgC4b@@ ~{E,4Hx@@ ~9H@@ E]D*
*]+Ab-A4*xg~6*Am@@ ~{-H<]i*4]sD*<
E]D*EEbgD*AfF5*D*,b<*xEt
-1&*+H+BxgD&*]<H
E<bgD*HfC4b~{D*<-]<b@@ ~zEt
Jx1%*
d@@ ~6bD*ubD*xA-H+b@@ gG*t
*]+o@@ D*A4*xg@@ ~6*<m@@ ~{JwD*
bE2(*DbE<
*ygD*,4Hx@@ ~+E]D*/-Hk@@ 0t
,]0HAf<*]D*f/D*ib@@ ~zmD*4@@ ~p+
f0D*fJb<xD*
4b@@ ~7(* ]<HF&b@ @~7EgD*]@@ <t
fFH]Db+
,]<b@@ ~zEA)b@@ ~|1&*EHb@@ gD*t
fFbE2(*g~{E5Hbm-AE]D*
gD*4H]D*]@@ JDfc@@ ~zDb+r
f@@ ~{Ef/*E<-x@@ ~6&*HE]D*<2@@ D(*
*wG]gJHf@@ ~{D*wGEEbgD*Hb@@ E2*
ibEDb+-x@@ ~6&*HE]D*]@@ JHy-<4H]@@ D*
i*4bD*@@ .-@@ ~{EHbE2(*<f@@ E5D*
fCrx@@ ~7H-DwCEEbgDfE5D*
2/K}hF&*F
"{Gc+H^H2yD
wGAgJHf@@ ~{DB]D*]@@ J]pgD*
/*-@@ gD*i@@ ~{D*@@ G&*]@@ J]p-f@@ 0xD*
fJ*]cD*f@@ FfAxEHi*4]@@ sD*<@@ E]D*
C@@ ~E@@ 0b@@ -b+f@@ ~{Dfc@@ ~zDb+
$~9AD3gJHf~{E
E]D*|s@@ ~{D*Efc@@ ~6bD*fJ*]cD*&*
i*x-gD*fD*5*H+d0xgD*H
xFf/HEi@@ ~{D*G&*]J]p-e
f~{D*wG~8-HE]D*
i~{D*wG~|-i
A]<b~z-gD*42b@@ ~|D*D*/xD*l
i~{D*wGq~9i@@ ~{+f@@ ~8b1ib@@ JDH&* ]@@ J]p-o
i~{D*wGd-x-<Eb-*HE]D*
bEEbgD*]-bgG&*d~z0
@@ BHebc@@ ~6&* b@@ ~{g~6*@@ <@@ D*
b@@ ~D,xEH&*i*4]sD*:b-@@ AE]D*
Ix1&*,xE:bgD-2<]<
fDHbpEHf~|s~{D*b<&*D(*@@ ~8D*
<bg/*H2xD*H@@ ~zD*oD**]sg@@ ~6*
bJx~6&*f~{D*4Hw/o<H
i*4]@@ sD*x@@ :bs+@@ E]D*@@ Jx-
@@ ~{D*f@@ 0xE@@ E 4Hx@@ D*@@ A -]<b@@ ~zEH
bFH]+b_:*D(*i*4]sD
cg@@ ~zD*@@ A@@ gCx0@@ <]g+b@@ D*
@@ 0@@ <@@ cJ4]-Hb@@ <bg/*Hb@@ ~zF@@ <2H
8xpJgD*4E&*xjC*E
@@ A b@@ gAxE @@ < @@ J]D*D*
E]D*@@ ~{CfCG)b+*
xgD*4C]D*@@ J*wGAH
@@ ED*@@ ~zD*@@ A`@@ /bD*
@@ A ,b@@ cEDb+ ep@@ ~|D*
4bDb+@@ D*,xjCibAx@@ ~|gD*
fBHxDb+b@@ gG*]@@ <D*Ax@@ ~zD*H
k0<bg/*4@@ ~pD*H&*z+Db+bgG*
D*yF*H@@ )*F*b@@ ~zF(*D(*b@@ mJ4]-@@ pgJ
d@@ ~D*<0JHf@@ _Jw+qc@@ ~|-bD&*
Ex@@ jC&*b@@ mJ4]-qc@@ ~|JHebc@@ ~6&*@@ -&
H&*@@ 7bDf@@ FbE(*&*b@@ /4]-Hy@@ -H@@ D
dD*,2b@@ J5HCb@@ ~{D*@@ ~z+&*@@ 0@@ GbgD*
$*2&*H&*@@ ~64]D*$*2&*AF]-2@@ D*<
fmgFpD*5D**]AHsD*D*A
xD*bjD*dgDb+f+b~8(*f~{D**]D
fBH@@ 1&*AmJ4]-b@@ pF*f@@ ~{<xD*H
&*]cJE]D*k0Kb~8~|1J]D*D*xg0*
bgG*bFH2H$@@ ~7CAb<D*$b@@ D(b+
fp~9*H4b.%*E:bgD*)b@@ ~6HA*xg-n)bgDb+
AD3Hf@@ cJx=ibCx0b@@ cDb=H@@ ~zmD*<
KbcDb=+b@@ ~8&*AHx0x+(b+@@ :bgD*f@@ Db0
xBbD@@ jD*bGwF(*x.&b-@@ D3l]pJb@@ E
+b@@ ~8&*]/x)bm@@ ~zD*xp-k0ibc@@ ~zD*
p-EexgD*D&b+4D*6b@@ ~z0(*H2
bAfJx@@ ~z+@@ EbgD*H,b@@ cED*HfDH'@ @~zD*
g0i@@ ~{D*@@ /&b-H-b@@ ~8~|s+@@ gJ
Jg0-@@ ~{EGbmgAh@@ BD*E@@ C*xgfp~8HfJx~6*HfDbECb~{E,]<fp~9
,]DyD*EoHxsD*<|s~{D*y<
bE]E@@ +cg@@ ~{D*bC*3(bAB&*@@ <@@ EJ
k04Db+&*]c-@@ ~6bE2(*9*x<&*(b@ @A
f@@ ~zD*bE2(*@@ 9*x<&*@@ E@@ E]D*@@ FbJ
fFb~zmD*H
D*&bmJ]AxD*g~{+,wD*emg~6*
f<x//*E@@ JbECHAx@@ ~7HDyE+
x16&bCH*
@@ E ex@@ gD*Hb@@ B*@@ A f@@ Db<,4b@@ E
pD*d@@ ~zCA*x0b@@ ~6JHf@@ /*D*
EHDb<@@ J]gD*@@ EAFb@@ ~z+d@@ J@@ A
*wGHq~|ExD*EHx:b~7bD*
g.+}/'g.
bBtD*bJ1<i*4]sD*x.&b-0H
:b-]+fcD*x=~zmD*ibCx0x@@ ~ztD*bJ1<i*4]@@ sD*x.&b-i*4]@@ sD*
x~8bF4gC]D*q~9H&*
CxpD*5*@@ gD*]@@ <i*4]@@ sD*dc@@ ~zJ
f)bC2*@@ EG,4]sD*x@@ BbD*&*k@@ 0
@@ ~z/b+pD*)bD*@@ ~z/o4b1E@@ -&bf)bC2*@@ +2Hy@@ E@@ ~8&* pD*@@ )bD*
1]-b@@ 0H&b@ @~{D*f1*2f@@ c:f@@ J0
~zmD*D(*D*x.&bgD*i*3f~8b1HxBbD*
f)bD*2*D*b@@ Eg0*<-b@@ F(bA
ib<@@ -H]@@ ~zmD*Af@@ cD*f@@ JpD*
ibD%*@@ E94bg-Ix@@ 1&*b0&*@@ AHb@@ G5*xA(*
2*E<K*]gEb~zF(*qc@@ ~|J.EHb<
bDHb-H]+)b;+bD*Jf/4b1
JHxD*H&*{~{pDbCi*4]sEx.'-KjA
bgcCx-&fc~|D*bJsD*<e@@ ~6*A
c@@ ~|D*BbD*f@@ cCx-E+b@@ ~{g-f@@ )bD*
,2b<fc@@ ~|D*bJsD*q@@ ~z-wD*H@@ cD*
fc~|D*)b~6xD*b@@ ~|J(b1*2D(*bD1]+
f)bD*fcCxgD*A+b~{gD**wGtD*bJsD
]sJ4]sD*H@@ cD*c@@ ~|D*BbD*@@ +
)b~6xD*cg@@ ~z-gD*fc@@ ~|D*icg@@ ~zD*
Afc@@ ~|D*fsD*1*2@@ D(*Db12(b+@@ gA
c@@ ~|D*BbD*f)bC@@ CbpJw@@ D*Ht@@ D*
]+4]@@ sD**wG@@ -.t@@ D*@@ A@@ cD*
fcD*bJsD*-D(*fc~|D*fsD*D12
cD*BbD*Jb<bgsEKb~{-b~{-H
fJHb~zgEx=)b@@ ~64FD(*2'JbEcD*
f@@ ~7~{EHfp@@ ~9*Hx=HfcD*bJsD*@@ +
*fc~|D*bJsD*<HfcD*bJsD*b4]~|gA)b@@ ~6xD*wGjDib+bmg@@ ~6*4]~|,yCxEx@@ =,xJbgEib+bmg@@ ~6*@@ Ef@@ <mE
qc@@ ~|-Hfp@@ ~9*HyCx-]<fDb0<JbE
fc~|D*fc~{D*xc<f@@ ~6xEib+bmg@@ ~6*wG
tD*A
H+2blH+n+5gI
ED*@@ 1]gD*dDb@@ ~6&*Hi4bE0H
fJbBD*H&*bBi*4]sD*<bE2(*ib@@ 0
H*b@@ E2*lH]@@ 0@@ E@@ D*]@@ -Hf@@ DH&*
*2xm+1]gD*H*@@ gmD*A.H]0@@ ~9xD*I]DbE2*A1]D*x0r@@ J
fEb~{D*Hfc@@ ~6bD*fDH*fJbBD*/-HDwD
oHx12*2yJbD*~|gE,5b/(*12E
gJ*Gf~64bDF4bB&*ECbg0*H$b+&*
b0&*+Ax.&bgD*J]BDf@@ ~D*
A]Dg-gD*i~{D*xjC&*E,]0*HHc~6
i*4]sDbAi*4]sD*f@@ ~{EG*xD*hBH
i@@ ~{D*IB&*@@ Excg-+x@@ ~|D*f@@ ~{E
Ig@@ ~zE<f@@ ~zD*Hf@@ <bg/*Hfp@@ ~|D*
ib)b@@ ~|0(*x@@ 1% K*2bg@@ ~6bA@@ /&* @@ DbD*
b:bgEH&*i*4]@@ sD*@@ E]E2]@@ <+]@@ A
Af@@ ~{D*HDbD*A2xAE@@ D*0
fp@@ ~|D*4*x@@ ~9&*D(*fAb@@ ~9(b+i*4]sD*
|s~{DbAbE2(*D(*2'-bF&*bc~z-gD*
qc@@ ~|JnJ4]gDb+,xEi*4]@@ sD*:bgJw@@ D*
E]JyJb@@ Cb@@ E|sgD*@@ <42b@@ Bx@@ =
2'@ @-@@ g0n@@ J4]gDb+b@@ DHbgJ@@ gD*f@@ <xmD*
Ab@@ 0&*d=&*@@ A,bAD*@@ D(*fJbD*@@ A
J]D*x@@ ~8bF4gC]D*bD@@ ~zJDbgD*kJ]pD*
yCxD*@@ ~<HzD*<4b@@ ~{g~6*2b0@@ +&*
fD*i*x.'D*Hi*4]@@ sD*fpAbD@@ :D*
f@@ ~7bD*fF24&*fDb+@@ DbD*gD*@@ A
{EbG@@ <D3Hd@@ FbmD**wG@@ 0k@@ J]pD*
H'@ @~{Df:D*fmD*bgFgD*D*f@@ 0
dDb~6&*f-0fD*i*x.'D*Hi*4]sD*
i*4]sD*x:bsEEfJbBDfpp~|D*f<gD*
<bg/*2b@@ ~74(*Ax@@ ~{EhA]g@@ ~6*@@ gD*H
<bg/*)b~|1&*H
k=g7)+k;gE3+b=)+
jgh7'+6},'+
i*4]sD*:bgDf~z)xD*ebc~6&*0H
:b-ebc@@ ~6&*5x@@ +&*@@ Ex@@ ~8bF4@@ gC]D*x@@ C3
i*4]sD*
ExjC@@ FbJwD**x@@ D*(**x@@ D*
,4~|+2b@@ ~zD*D*x@@ ~6&*JxD*]J6bD*
f~8b1,4~|+i*4]sD*:b-D*HfEb<
f@@ <bg/*Hf@@ B1&*f@@ +xgD*$@@ ~6
mD*p-@@ gD*fpDb@@ ~|D*f_cD*xA-]@@ <H
$b+&*
AH&*4H]D*,x~6&Ax~6&*gD*
mgJHi*4]sD*fJHbGpFbG2*xA&**xpF*
AD3
$b+&*@@ Gx-@@ gD*f@@ /HyD*ib@@ AsD*
-b0]-H
AmgJH$b@@ +&*f_@@ ~{-A,bcED*
fAxE]<HFH'~{+bgG*Hg+bgE]<
+bp~8&*
&*H&*e&*@@ EfDyD*f@@ +bBxD*eb@@ =
Db+b~{F*H&*mD*dc~z+$b+&*<
+g-(*,]mD*fJ2b~|gB*fDbpD*
bF(*@@ A+*@@ ~9H2d:@@ 1]+e@@ ~{D*
A4H2f/4b1Hf@@ FbJ(*f1*2fc@@ ~6bpEH2H
-bD*~zD**wG4b~{gF*
ebc@@ ~6&*@@ G&*@@ E@@ GH$@@ ~zD*$b@@ A4
bc@@ ~{D*ABDBbD*b@@ +4]g@@ ~zJgD*
tD*A~zJH
,xJbEib@@ Ab.Hibgm+*]@@ ~8*
fG*xD*f@@ 0xEAebc@@ ~{D*x@@ ~61@@ E
f0b~zD*H&*o4bsD*Af~6*4]D
f+xmgD*c@@ ~6@@ <@@ Jx1%*f@@ EbmE
zDb+fjD*]<Hf@@ ~|s~{D*@@ ~9dc@@ ~z+
$b1&**wGABD*D*KbcDb=2'-gD*
gI3)+ng,+,
cH2(*jc+*+
c-cdd|HK
)bBq~9HbE2(*ib+*+5x+&*bE&*
,xcD*,sD*1]gD*@@ jJ1]gD*
D(*ebc@@ ~{D*bE@@ JgD*,]@@ AbD*H&*@@ DH&*
G*xD*b@@ A]F*J]Ai*4]@@ sD*Db<
]pgD*Hi*w@@ D*5*x@@ +(*]@@ +@@ 1]gD*@@ pF
b_@@ ~7--*HwD,4@@ ~8@@ <@@ ~|pD*H
Hx;@@ Db@@ <@@ jpcJ@@ gD*,@@ ~{D*@@ E
gD*,wD*f@@ J2H]pEHf_@@ ~zD*AxD*H1]gD*
4b@@ ~|D*1]D*+A]-1]gD*bcmJ
,wD*H,@@ ~{D*E<&*ib/42<kpcD*D(*
2*E@@ :bgD2*]g@@ ~6*J]D]@@ DgJb@@ G]A
fExpD*y/*0EbE&*EHy-HIx1&*4]sE
y/*pD*w@@ G*Hy+H:bgD*@@ Ef@@ ~{sD*H&*
+bBeb~{D*D*qc~|JfFFbD*HfB1&*
D]J9x<&
x1%*eb@@ +G$@@ ~zD*bA4$@@ ~zD*b@@ A4
f@@ ~cD*i*4]sD*Db<Ao@@ DDHb@@ E2(D
]J*ygJGx.&b-&*@@ E$@@ ~zD*bA4x1-&bJH
f~8b1x.&bgD+bBbAeb@@ ~{D*Jf0xEA
+*xgD*@@ ~9ib0AHG*xD*f0xEA
x~6&*
bE]<$@@ ~zD*$b@@ A4x@@ .&b-2*2y@@ J@@ DwC
x~8b<H~{GG*xD*eb@@ ~{D*f@@ ~|s~7J&*g@@ ~zJHf@@ ~9J]DfEHbD*
$*4Hy@@ F*<@@ gJH@@ J&*x+x@@ GbmJ&*H&*
2b~zA(*H$*x=(*iHbpE
+fBD*@@ ~zpg+$b@@ g<*d/H*w@@ D
f@@ ~zD*-b/bg0*xA-H)b+&*HJ]D*D*
19
gGe
gGe U : H dG
gGe U : jJ
UGd
GNEGh dG Y `a IYGh Oe j dH eG G Le
jQdG H - dU
dG d Me Le hCG QhO
edG QhH IQS Meh ,dG
``e``j `` M EG ``` M``` ` eh,mRG``e ``V``` c
K QhO aCG IFL Y Mh
.dG MG LG
``f``L```G ``g EG ```T````dG `````jh
`` ` JGR`` ` EG ``` ` U``d ``` ` ` J ``` M``` ` G
d k aGO Jh G JcQeh
.aCG
````` ` dG `` `` ` TGQ `` `H `` `` ` MCG `` ` ` jh
fEG ihH dG dG H ddG
G ie Y fLG Q```T
H ````fG G``a ```g ``f``ch ```SQ``G
OcCG dG Y eCG NBGh Le
He e ddG dG JjGH fa
,G YL f ```dG ````G ``
``g```j ``` dG G`` ` HCG ```M````e Q`` ` `Th
i`````e ``` Y hCG `````G ``H``` ` dG
Me q ` K ,MG ``f``L```G
QU H ```V``G ``` dG ````G
fCG GcDe ,e OSG IN aVCG dGh
JE dU Le JQH T
e ``` ` V``` dG ``` H``G ```M````e QhO
IFL Y Mh LG fi G``NEG
g e :jh .dG J
ejdG M - e
cQG N e SHb dG eL
jJ EG j fCG EG a ,VQe IY
Gg dY dG SG ad Y QHG
.G
gCJh aG dG He dG
`` ` `fOQCG ``` ` ` G ``` LQ``N ``cQ``` ` e EG
ie Y d ```fG H TdG
e hCG ``c``G Y Mh HdG ``W``dG
bJ SGQdG V X d HdG
```dG ```S``G ``N ``j```dG ``e ````dG ``Y
ja ``e cQd gH O``YC ,efd
``e``f``dG QhO `````jh ,``` ` G OG`` `YEG
VY S dG eG OG``YEG N e
c ``jQ`````S ````b```eh ``gQO``` ` ``` ` HQh
jhdG gGh dG jdG e M
``` UG``` dG `` F`` ` Sh ``` ` fl `` Y ``e``f``` d
.YLG
YJ Y qCG qCG EG hGdG jh
a ,``j``` ` dGh ``H``` ` ` dG `` e ````j
LGj b G S Y dG fG
H adG M e jdG H G
``eG```dG ``Hh ```L ``e ``j```dG ``eG```dG
G QGfCG - e
hGdG Y ``H Sb ``H fi ```j
```S````dG `````H ``` ` e``G `````dG ``d``W
SGQO EG ,SHb dG eH jQG
GQG e jdG cG Ua d MJCG
GQG fL EG J JG
H SGQO N e gQj dG SGQdG
SdG dG ```e ``jQ````G SdG
dP d ,bdG SdGh MG h
eh jGdG SQ gG e e
a ,jdG ``WG``Gh jdG ````gCG
jd ```Y````dG ``` YCG ``cQ````G ``Y
.YG dGh bdG J GQe
hO````e
zjDhQ{ ..Vjd
SdG G
dG eRCG
fdG Ija
edG ie Y Jb GjEGh Yo
dG M
www.alroya.info
info@alroya.info
``aG A``H jdG LGj z `dG{h ..``dG ``dGSCG `a z``SBG ``eCG{ d``H ``fG
dG MCG - jDhdG
G e dGj I``NCG dG e Y
je gc Jh fQfjf g BG M UCG
QhG ``e``Jh ``c``e ``eh Rh`` c `` HhQh ```j```L
zdG{ e jh .afGS Keh
``e`````Gh ```L``````S``H ``G Q`` G IO``` ` H
Ke dGh jLhfjH Q``eh jc
```f```e ```cC`J EG ```S````jO `````Lh ````d
.jSBG IQdG
Me ,Y 100 G ,dGSCG hJh
e Qc `` M AfG H jL L AH
JQT Qe SQGh f Scdjc Qg
.JG jHh g jHh
Ff ``N R``a CG a ``ZQh
dG AGOCG Ea ,VG dG jRGdG jfe
SdG c PEG ,GL GYGh c dGSCG eb
a ,d e IjL gGe Y dG hdG
GZ..HGjQceCGUAHzSBGSCc{QGejWdGe
TdG OY -jDhdG
dG dU /jJ
MG e Y QG Sh ,QdG
Yd LJ M ,dG Ad
.ad jQdG G
YdG e G G Y Y jh
H j dG ddG fdG bdGh IdG
G Y CG c ,HG ``jQ``c Y
eCG d J dG UdG SH de
G``a G`` W ``` dG ``` G ``jR``Jh ,``e``G
.G L RGdGh IGQG
k G de SdG N Y Sh
jC
MU ``g ```f``c Ld I``` dG OG``eE` H
Y ```H```jEG H h`` G ````eh IQO``` G
fc ```MCG I``N SG jh ,jJ ``bCG
```SQ```dG ```Y IQ``` eh ``` gG``HEG `` FGQ ``j```Mh
Sh Y Id fGY S Sb fh
SG O``` Y ``L```G IO`` Y CG ```c ,````G
N eCG ,eG HjEG S d
dG ``e ``j````d ``L``` H ``` ` a `` a`` dG
IOQh ,`` ` dG ``` c``dGh ,``Y``` Gh O`` ` `dG
jh .jQdG YdG LG jdG dG
``` H``` jEG ``cQ``` ` G ``` Hh ``` W``dG ```````e
a GQGSG cCG BG 22 N I``NCG
N 22 N d M ,Yh jQGOEGh
OSG CG H d OGSG N fc jQe
dG G SCG OSGh ,dG G
```d````dGh ``` ``H `````j `` ` dGh `` H ````j
dG c b ddG fc EGh edG
Y dG edGh YadG dG e
dG ```H```jEGh ,``gRh`` Y dG R```G
.SJ Y Y
j WdG HUEG JCGh
``H```UE`a ,`` `M ``` b``J h ,``j``L``d Q`` ` G
JOYh S Sh HYdG e SQG
S Sb Yd ``H```UEGh dG EG
dG Id hCG WdG e j
C ``jQ```dG ddG QG````e dG G``Z
O``G jd dGSCG J dG SBG
,jb LG ,Q`` G jj ``e ``K```dGh
``jQ``c `````e ``` f `````j ``e``` Y `` ` dPh
``M````U ``` ` S``` dG ``Y``` ` dG `` ``` H``` G
V G``` f``c O``` ` SEG ```Y ```````dG ```b```H
````k`jCG ````J ```dG hCG ``Y````G ``` LG``e
eh d G dGSCG e
.jdG
H QdG EG WdG e jh
,jSBG ddG e dG g je
dGh ,2007h 2004 Ff cQG H
``fq CG ``ZQ I``L``G FdG a G j
,2004 Ff UN jb VhY ``b
ee Ff G Y eCjh
jGH e eCjh .ddG cQG
jQc ``eCG ````SBG C` H GA````dG hCG I```L
HW GP aG jQe j M ;HG
GeCG j e HjEG f ch ,UN
jd G``a``M S M ,````gCG ``j``Z
c ,jdGh dGSCG eCG eOdG jAdG
S ``H ```G jf J IQ````G CG
.jNBG jAdG jdG
dd Gk` ` L ```W``dG e `````SGh
e ``j``` dG ``` fG ``` M ,``j``` ` SBG
IH ddG ```fG b Gfc j
Yeh jLd fdG dN bh ,jCG
N Yh ,YdG jRL Y S e
j `` dG ``` ` SCGh ````````dGh OG`` `YEG
c Gfc e CG c ,jQG G
AG``LCG Y bCdG M e Yd Ge
,```g ``Y``G ```Y Q``` dGh ````dG `````Wh
ac e JL HdG JGQG ALh
bWh Qd UdG MJCG M ,MGdG
C``WGh ,```H```jEGh dG a dG
.MGdG ac e L YdG Y G
OdH fG ```dGh ``jO``dG b H h
G LGj G ``c aH HjEG
d He i j dG dG
H ``eCG .G SQG e CG jdG
H G IQ````N ``e ``Z``d``Hh ````dG
e I``` L ``F````H ``N ``j``` dG CG EG ,1/4
;SBG T SQe e Te M VN
e O``Y ``H LGj dG G EG M
jdG jh ,jGh aG YdG
d ``e ``Y``f ``K```G ``H````SC`H ``````dG