Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The potential threatening posed Mount Merapi could be divided into two parts, namely, the
disadvantages of primary and secondary hazards. The primary dangers are volcanoes, hot
clouds, ash, lava, and poisonous gases. Meanwhile, the secondary danger of Mount Merapi is
lava. Lava is volcanic flow which is generated to due to deposition of eruptions and
pyroclastic products are carried by rain and to form a concentrated stream to a lower area in
volcanoes slope [8].
b.
c.
d.
e.
Type of active mountains in the world and Indonesia, this topic contains of
information about the mountains that are still active or potentially erupt in
Indonesia and other countries .
Types of volcanic eruptions, this topic describes the type of eruption that often
occur in volcanic mountain (see figure 8). There are 6 types of eruptions,
namely: Plinian-type eruption, vulcanian-types eruption, strombolian-type
eruption, Pelean-type eruptions, Merapi eruption types, and Hawaian-type
eruption .
The shape of volcanoes is about the topic forms volcanoes in Indonesia, such
as layered Krucut, caldera, mar, and the dome shield (see figure 9).
Benefits volcanic eruption, this topic discusses the benefits felt by the people
living near the volcano area, such as volcanic resources are used as materials
in building houses. The resulting volcanic lava also gives fertility to the soil,
so that both are used in farming or gardening. Volcanoes can also be used as a
tourist attraction, so as to provide income for the village .
Topics is about Merapi Volcano located on the 1st floor also has five sub - topics ,
among others :
a.
Overview of Mount Merapi, this topic provides an information of the Mount
Merapi condition which is presented by displaying photographs of Mount
Merapi via satellite photographs (see figure 10).
b.
Changes in the dome of Mount Merapi, this topic describes the changes that
occur in the dome of the summit of Mount Merapi. Occurred 6 times change
dome on Mount Merapi which in 1872, 1883, 1930, 1931, 1960, and 2007 (see
Figure 11).
c.
How to escape from Mount Merapi disaster, this topic describes ways of
escape that can be done when the eruption of Mount Merapi. For example,
how to rescue themselves from the toxic gases caused by the eruption of
Mount Merapi, namely (1) to distance themselves from the source of the
release of toxic gases; (2) keep away from valleys, crevices, and hollow when
the weather is cloudy, rainy, and foggy; and (3) using a mask or cloth masks
soaked in water.
d.
Myth, this topic contains motos-myths that exist in local communities
associated with Mount Merapi and Mount Bromo. For example, the myth of
"Jasmine Nyai Bluebird" is a figure who is believed to live on Mount Merapi.
Bluebird Nyai Jasmine is a troop leader and protector spirits environment
around Merapi area.
e.
History of Mount Merapi, this topic tells the history of the formation of Mount
Merapi. Merapi is made up of several phases, namely Phase Pre - Merapi
(400,000 years ago), Mount Bibi which the parts can still be seen on the east
side of the peak of Merapi. Old Merapi stage occurs when Merapi started to
form but not formed conical yet (60000-8000 years ago). Phase of the Middle
Merapi (8000-2000 years ago), is characterized by the formation of the high
peaks, such as Mount Gajahmungkur and Batulawang, which is composed of
andesite lava. Newer peak phase is the peak of Merapi, which began to form
about 2,000 years ago.
On the second floor of the exhibition, the public information Merapi has three subtopics, they are:
a.
b.
c.
Merapi eruption, this topic explains the volcanic eruption that occurred in
Merapi volcano, in 1930-2010 and also the impact of the eruption of Merapi.
A total of 4 times the eruptions that occurred at Merapi volcano eruption
including of 1930, 1961, 1994, and 2010.
Merapi volcano monitoring, this topic describes ways of monitoring conducted
by BMKG (the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics) on the activities of
Merapi volcano.
Panorama of Merapi, this topic contains of Merapi documentation from the
years 1990 -2010.
Topic of earthquake in the exhibition hall on the second floor provides information of
the impending earthquakes signs, actions to be taken before and after the earthquake, and the
impact of the earthquake in Yogyakarta in 2006.
Topics tsunami in the exhibition hall on the second floor provides information about
the signs of impending tsunami, tsunami causes, actions to be taken in the event of a tsunami,
and the impacts that is emerged tsunami disaster in Aceh in 2004.
Merapi Volcano Museum Collection and a lot of diverse kinds, including the form of
mock Mount Merapi, there are also numerous examples of volcanic rocks, various kinds of
pictures about everything which related to volcanoes in Indonesia and in the world, and
various dioramas. In delivery collection some of them using 3D animation and interactive
games. As seen from the museum collection is included of the special museum, because it
shows only one theme of the collection, namely the theme of the volcano. The museum
collection besides the product of Mount Merapi eruption, it is also derived from the items
which people affected from the eruption (see figure 12). The collection have several
important values such as the important history that shows a picture of the activities of Mount
Merapi eruption and the important science that shows how dangerous eruption of Mount
Merapi emerged.
Collection presented by using thematic layout, full color in some parts made striking
impression to attract visitors (see Figure 13). In some parts there are sound effects, such as
the roar of the Merapi volcano during eruption. The lighting used in this museum that utilize
directly sunlight and there is also the use of light. To convey the information to visitors
several collections labeled as supporting the existence of the collection on display. Label
information contains of information about the origin of objects, stories, or events, such as
those that influence the collection of rocks (see figure 14). In the interest of visitors, there are
several collections that can be touched or played by visitors as the effort to increase visitor
interactive (see figure 15). At the end of the display, there are the documentary film about
Mount Merapi are displayed in a special room (see figure 16).
presented in the museum which is made to establish the curiosity of visitors so that led to a
desire to learn about the information provided [1].
The exhibition become a media to provide learning to visitors. Therefore, it also can
be seen that the learning results is obtained by visitors through the exhibition. There are
many forms of learning outcomes that can be received visitors, but to make the results of the
study can be used more easily visible Generic Learning Outcomes framework (GLOs). As
stated by Hooper - Greenhill Ellian that framework GLOs is divided into five sections namely
"Knowledge and Understanding", "Skills: Intellectual, practical, professional", "attitudes and
values", "pleasure, inspiration, creativity", "activity, behavior, development", for more
details, (see the cycle 1). Using GLOs framework to determine learning outcomes in an
exhibition at the Museum of Merapi, it can be seen through the results of his analysis as
follow:
study, Merapi Museum held a program to interact with visitors. The program is
referred to children is quite simple, but it still has value which can develop their skills
and intellectual. The program is like the panting competition on the theme "Museum
of Mount Merapi and Mount Merapi". Some competitions results show the processing
skills of children in painting while enhancing their intellectual in studying of
volcanoes. Through this method, the Museum of Mount Merapi provides an
alternative for children to know the Mount Merapi as the figure of volcanoes that they
imagine, not as an actual figure that every year eruption.
Results of the study is also obtained from the exhibition at the museum of
Mount Merapi is disaster response skills. Disaster response learning is given to
visitors in the form of the first steps if occurs in case of disasters such as volcanic
eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunami. In the study of the disaster response of each
individual skill in anticipating disaster will branch out. Results and Skills learning
Media in Merapi museum can be seen in (figure 18).
The learning programs is conducted indirectly in shaping skills to interact with
the visitors at the Merapi museum. Indirectly, the program also establishes a dialogue
between the visitors with the other visitors, and even visitors to the museum. It also
confirms that communication skills are very important because humans are quite
social creatures. Man is a product of socio-cultural relations. Therefore, the museum
must also understand the culture of social relations that occur in the community,
especially the visitors as one of the learning outcomes [5].
Value formation is the result of learning that is common during the exhibition
at the Museum of Mount Merapi. Remnants of disaster impact is accompanied by the
depiction of the important position of volcanoes on the lives of residents in the
surrounding museum shows like to form a harmony between the environment and
people who inhabit it. The remains of the impact of disasters shows hot and heavy of
the eruption of Mount Merapi, even by the eruption is not only a primary but also the
danger of secondary hazards that can still be felt until a few months after the eruption.
But, through the exhibition at the Museum of Mount Merapi given value of learning
to do not give up on post- eruption conditions. Communities around Mount Merapi
had to fight hard to get back up to build lives, homes, and livelihoods. The exhibition
at the museum of volcanoes shows that after the eruption of Mount Merapi, the
potential of natural resources to support the population lives around volcanoes will be
more abundant. Learning about these values instilled especially to younger
generations are becoming the most visitors in the Museum of Mount Merapi.
Learning Media of attitudes and values in harmony with the environment in public
relations can be seen in (Figure 19).
meaningful to visitors if it can bring inspiration and creativity that will determine
what to do with the attitude of visitors in the future.
10
Conclusion
Merapi Volcano Museum was built as a center of knowledge and education
development relate to the volcanoes. As for the educational efforts undertaken by the
museum is to create educational exhibits. The exhibition is designed attractively to make
visitors feel happy when they are in the exhibit hall. For example, the collection are presented
by using the thematic layout, provision of sound effects in the exhibition space and provide a
collection that can be touched or played by visitors.
Based on the analysis of GLO (Generic Learning Outcomes), the learning outcomes at
Merapi Volcano Museum exhibition, such as;
1. Knowledge and understanding
Visitors get a new knowledge from the information and facts about Merapi
Volcano, tsunami, and earthquakes. The information contained in the exhibits at
Merapi Volcano Museum such as the initial formation of Merapi Volcano, tsunami,
and earthquakes as well as the equipment used to monitor the activities of Merapi
Volcano. In other words, facts can be seen through the exhibition at Merapi Volcano
Museum is the history of volcanic eruption in various regions, the impact of the
eruption Merapi volcano, the impact of the tsunami and earthquakes.
2. Skills: intellectual, practical, professional
Merapi Volcano Museum held a program to interact with visitors, such as
painting competitions for children with the theme of Merapi Volcano Museum and
Merapi Volcano. This program can develop the skills and intellectual to children.
Other skill gained from the exhibition of Merapi Volcano Museum is disaster
responsiveness skills. The learning of disaster response given to visitors such as
actions should be taken in case of volcanic eruption, earthquake and tsunami.
3. Attitudes and values
Establishment of attitudes that can be generated through the learning contained
in the exhibits of Merapi Volcano Museum is establishment of disaster
responsiveness. On the museum exhibition, there are three disaster responsiveness can
be seen directly. The disaster responsiveness was responsiveness of eruption Merapi
Volcano, earthquake, and tsunami. Exhibition of Merapi Volcano Museum gives an
overview to the visitors about local wisdom contained in the region of Merapi
volcano. Exhibition of Merapi Volcano Museum also gives the value of learning to
not give up on post-eruption conditions.
4. Enjoyment, inspiration, creativity
One of pleasure is perceived in Merapi Volcano Museum is documenting
personal moments and also plays interactive display. The pleasure of visitors can be
seen through their smile and their way in communicating to the group. Museum
exhibition can also give inspiration to visitors, especially the younger generation to
become scientists as well as disaster volunteers.
5. Activity, behavioral, progression
Learning outcomes such as activities, behavior, and progression are generated
by museum can be seen on tour guide program. This program would cause interaction
between visitors and museum. In the tour guide program, visitors would get a
detailed explanation about museum exhibition if they asked a question to tour guide.
11
References
[1] www.merapi.bgl.esdm.go.id
[2] Buletin Berkala Merapi/ISSN 1693-9212 Pusat Vulkanologi dan mitigasi Bencana Vol
07/02/edisi agustus 2010 hal 07
[3] www.republika.com
[4] http://www.vsi.esdm.go.id
[5] Progressive Education and Museum Education: Anna Billings Gallup and Louise
ConnollyAuthor(s): George E. HeinSource: The Journal of Museum Education, Vol. 31,
No. 3, The Professional Relevance of Museum Educators: Perspectives from the Field
(Fall, 2006), pp. 161-173Published by: Left Coast Press, In
[6] Data base Indonesian volcano, the Catalogue of reference in Indonesian volcanoes with
eruptions in historical Time, Yogyakarta: Yogyakarta BPPTK, 1979 page 250 in
Indigenous Communities in the slopes of Merapi Merapi eruption disaster preparedness
by Eko Yulianto
[7] Newsletter Merapi / ISSN 1693-9212 Volcanology and Disaster mitigation Vol 07/02 /
August 2010 edition case 07
[8] Bulletin periodically trim / ISSN 1693-9212 Center volcanology and mitigation vol 06/01
/ April 2009 edition page 7
[9] http://jogjatrip.com/id/84/Museum-Gunung-Merapi
[10] http://museum-merapi.blogspot.com/p/visi-misi.html
[11] www.comounttour.wordpress.com/tag/museum-gunung-api-merapi/
[12] David Dean, Museum Exhibition Theory and Practice 2007, pp. 3-7
[13] Ellian Hooper-Greenhill, Museum and Education Purpose, Pedagogy, Performance
2007, pp. 53
[14] David Dean, Museum Exhibition Theory and Practice 2007, pp.19
[15] Ellian Hooper-Greenhill, Museum and Education Purpose, Pedagogy, Performance
2007, pp. 54
[16] John H. Falk, Lynn D. Dierking, and Mariana Adams, Living Learning Society:
Museums and Free-Choice Learning 2006, pp.327
[17] Ellian Hooper-Greenhill, Museum and Education Purpose, Pedagogy, Performance
2007, pp.54-55
[18] Ellian Hooper-Greenhill, Museum and Education Purpose, Pedagogy, Performance
2007, pp.55-56
[19] Andrea Witcomb, Interactivity: Thinking Beyond 2006, pp.353
[20] Ellian Hooper-Greenhill, Museum and Education Purpose, Pedagogy, Performance
2007, pp. 56-57
[21] Ellian Hooper-Greenhill, Museum and Education Purpose, Pedagogy, Performance
2007, pp. 52
12
13
14
Figure 8: Types of Volcanic Eruptions (plinian type (a), vulcanian type (b), strombolian type
(c), pelean type (d), merapi type (e), dan hawaian type (f))
15
16
Figure 12: Collection at Merapi Volcano Museum from the community grants
Figure 13: Presentation of the museum collection with the color and light system
17
Screening movie as a
media to understand
massage from the museum
to the visitors
18
Figure 18. Skilllearning Media and Result from Learning Skill at Merapi Volcano
Museum
Figure 19. Attitudes and Values learning media at Merapi Volcano Museum
Figure 20. Result of Enjoyment Learning and Enjoyment Learning Media at Merapi
Volcano Museum
19
20
1st Floor
Merapi Volcano in Figure
Monitoring of Merapi
Panorama of Merapi
2nd Floor
Earthquake
Tsunami
21
Knowledge
and
Understanding
Activity
Behaviour and
Progression
Enjoyment,
Inspiration,
Creativity
Skills
GLO
Attitudes and
Values