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Problem Assignment 1
Problem taken from O. Levenspiel, Understanding Engineering Thermo, Prentice Hall, New Jersey (1996)
Problem 4
(a)
From
the
Maxwell
relations,
we
know
that
T
P
v s
s v
Show
that
T v
=
P s s P
Show
that
T P
T
P
=
=
v s
s v
CV T v
(b)
From
the
Maxwell
relations,
we
know
T v
T v
= =
P s
s P CP T P
that
Problem 5
According to an old
article from Scientific
American (issue of
March 1989), harbor
seals are believed to
have
sophisticated
acoustic transmission
and detection systems that are similar to sonar. For example, mother seals can locate their pups by
measuring the difference in reflected acoustic wave arrival times in air and in water (since the speed of
sound in air is different from that in water). Estimate about how far a mother seal is from her pup, if
the time difference is 3 seconds, and the temperatures of air and water are about 2 C.
Hint. Lets analyze how this principle works based on our knowledge of thermodynamics. The speed
of sound vc in any given fluid can be calculated as follows:
P
P
P
= v 2
vc2 = =
v s
s (1 v ) s
(1)
Where v is the specific volume [m3/kg], P is the pressure [kPa] and s is the specific entropy [kJ/(kg k)].
Using thermodynamic relations to evaluate the partial derivative of the pressure P with respect to the
specific volume v at constant specific entropy s, it is possible to show that:
C p P
P
vc2 = v 2 = v 2
C v v T
v s
(2)
Where Cp and Cv are the specific heats at constant pressure and volume, respectively [kJ/(kg K)], and T
is the temperature [K]. Equation (2) can also be rewritten as follows:
vc2 = v 2
C p P
v Cp
=
C v v T C v
(3)
1 v
v P T
(4)
Problem 6
Solve problem 2.1 of PLA (Prausnitz, Lichtenthaler and Gomes de Azevedo)
Problem 7
Solve problem 2.5 of PLA (Prausnitz, Lichtenthaler and Gomes de Azevedo)
Problem 8
Solve problem 2.14 of PLA (Prausnitz, Lichtenthaler and Gomes de Azevedo)