WAJA 2009

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
FORM FIVE

( Teachers Copy )

Name: ___________________________
Class : ___________________________

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

3.1

Chapter 3:

Indefinite Integral

Learning Objective
3.1.0 Understand and use the concept of indefinite integral.
Learning Outcome
3.1.1 Determine integrals by reversing differentiation.
You have probably wondered if it is possible to find a function given its gradient
function. For example, if the gradient function,

dy
= 6x + 2, is it possible to find y ?
dx

We can think of this as a process of reversing differentiation (anti-differentiation), it is

actually called integration and the result in an integral.

is the sign of integration

Example :

must both being written.

And read as the integral of

6x + 2 with respect to x.

(6 x 2)dx .

1. Fill in the blanks in the following figure.

y
y = f(x)

x
y = f(x)

Process of

Process of

differentiation

integration

Gradient of tangent, m=

dy
dx

y
m=

x
2

dy
dx

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

Chapter 3:

2. Fill in the blanks in the following.

Function / Equation, y = f(x)
y = 3x

dy
dx
dy
d
=
(3x)
dx
dx

Integration
=3

y = 3x + 1

dy
d
=
(3x + 1) = 3
dx
dx

y = 3x + 2

dy
d
=
(3x + 2) = 3
dx
dx

y = 3x

y = 3x + 2
2

y = 3x + 5

dy
d
=
(3x2)
dx
dx

= 6x

dy
d
=
(3x2 + 2) = 6x
dx
dx
dy
d
(3x2+ 5)
=
dx
dx

6x

dx

= 3x2 + c

= 6x

y = 3x 4 + 3

dy
d
=
(3x4)
= 12x3
dx
dx
dy
d
=
(3x4 + 3) = 12x3
dx
dx

y = 3x 4 + 4

dy
d
(3x4+ 4)
=
dx
dx

y = 3x4

3 dx = 3x + c

= 12x3

12x3

+ c

dx = 3x4

3. In each of the following cases, the derivative of a function where c is a constant is given.
Match the function.
d (4x + c) = 4
dx

(10x ) dx

f(x) = 4x + c

d (5x2 + c) = 10x
dx

(6x -2) dx

f(x) = 5x2 + c

d (3x2 2x + c) = 6x 2
dx

4 dx

f(x) = 4x 2 + 3x + c

d (4x 2 + 3x + c) = 8x + 3
dx

(8x + 3) dx

f(x) = 3x2 2x + c

Learning Outcome
3.1.2 Determine integrals of axn , where a is a constant and n is an integer, n
3

-1.

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

Chapter 3:

Formula for integration of axn

ax n

dx = a (

x n 1
) +c,
n 1

where c is a constant and n

-1.

1. Find the indefinite integral of the following.

a) 3 x4 dx
Solution:
=>

3 x4

dx = 3 (

x 4 1
) + c
4 1

Step 1 : Keeping the original coefficient.

3
Step 2 : Add 1 to the index of the term.
4+1
Step 3 : Divide the term by the new
index.
(4 + 1)
Step 4 : Add an arbitrary constant c.

= 3 x5 + c
5

b)

2
dx
x4

Solution:
=>

2 x -4 dx = 2 x -4+1 + c
-4 + 1

Step 1 : Keeping the original coefficient.

=> 2
Step 2 : Add 1 to the index of the term.
-4 + 1
Step 3 : Divide the term by the new
index.
(-4 + 1)
Step 4 : Add an arbitrary constant c.

= 2 x -3 + c
-3
=-

2 -3
x +c
3

2. Find the indefinite integral of each of the following.

(Check your answers by differentiation)
a.

2 dx =

b.

= 2x 0 dx
=2 x

0+1

5 x 3 dx
=5x

3+1

c.
+c

3x -2 dx

3+1

+c

=5x

0+1

+c

3/2 + 1

3/2 + 1

+c

-1

=2x +c

= x

-1

=3x

= -3 x -1 +
e.

3
x 2 dx

+c

f.

2
x 5 dx

= x

+c

-2 + 1

d.

-2 + 1

=3x

2/5 + 1
2/5 + 1

+c

1
x

c
dx

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

= x

5/2

+c

= x

5/2

2
x
5

7/5

Chapter 3:

5/2

+ c

5
x
7

x 2 dx

+c

7/5

dx

x2
1

7/5

c
= x

-1/2 + 1

+c

-1/2 + 1

= x

1/2

+c

1/2

1/2

Learning Outcome
3.1.3 Determine integrals of a sum of algebraic expressions.
Formula for integration of a sum of algebraic expressions

f ( x) g ( x)

dx =

f ( x)

dx

g ( x ) dx

1. Find the indefinite integral of the following.

a)

(x2 + 3x 2) dx

x2 dx + 3x dx - 2 dx

x 21
x 11
+ 3(
) - 2x + c
2 1
11

x3
x2
+ 3(
)- 2x + c
3
2

b)
=
=

(x2 + 3x x 2 ) dx

(x2 + 3x 2x -2) dx
x2 dx + 3x dx - 2x -2 dx

x 21
x 11
x 21
+ 3(
) 2(
)+c
2 1
11
2 1
x3
x2
x 1
=
+ 3(
) 2(
)+c
3
2
1
x3
x2
=
+ 3(
) + 2x -1 + c
3
2

2. Arrange and rewrite the process of integration with respect to x.

Process of integration
1.
5

(6x+2) dx

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

Chapter 3:

(6 x 2)dx
2.

(6 x )

3.

6 x (1 + 1) + 2 x + c
(1 + 1)

dx +

( 2)

dx

3x2 + 2x + c

(6 x) dx +
(2) dx
6 x (1 + 1) + 2 x + c
(1 + 1)

3x2 + 2x + c

4.

3.Find the indefinite integral of each of the following. (Check your answers by
differentiation)
1.

(4x + 3) dx
=

2.

4x dx + 3 dx

= 4 x 1+1 + 3 x 0+1 + c
2
1
= 2

+ 3

(x3 - 4x + 2) dx

x3 dx - 4x dx + 2 dx

= x

3+1

- 4x

3+1

+ c
=

4
1
x
4

1+1

+ 2x

1+1

- 2

0+1

+c

0+1

+ 2

4. Identify the errors in the following integration solutions. Show the correct solutions.
a) (4x3 + 5x2 2) dx
= 4x3 dx + 5x2 dx -

b)

2 dx

(4x3 + 5x2

2
) dx
x2

= 4x 3 + 1 + 5x 2 + 1 2x -2 + 1 + c
3+1
2+1
-2 + 1

= 4x 3 + 1 + 5x2 + 1 - 2x + c
3+1
2+1

= 4x 4 + 5x 3 - 2x -1 + c
4
3
-1

5 3
x4
= 4(
)+
x - 2x + c
3
4

= x4 +

5 3
= x +
x - 2x + c
3
4

5 3
x + 2x-1 + c
3

Learning Outcome
3.1.4 Find the constants of integration, c, in indefinite integrals.
6

+ c

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

Chapter 3:

Function/Equation, y = 3x2 + 2x + c

Process of
Integration

Process of
Differentiation
Gradient of tangent,

dy
= 6x + 2
dx

To find the value of c, identify for the particular points on the curve (a pair of value of x and
y) which is given in the question, then substitute the given information to the equation y.

1. If

dy
= 6x + 2, find the constant of integration, c, given that y = 3 and x = 1.
dx

(6 x 2)dx

= 6

x2
+ 2x + c
2

Substitute the value

y = 3 and x = 1.

= 3x2 + 2x + c
Then,

(3) = 3(1)2 + 2(1) + c

3 =3+2+c
3-5 = c
c = -2

2. Find the value of c.

dy
dx

y
Equation , y
2

P(0,5)

6x + 2

y= 3x + 2x + c

Q(-1,6)

6x + 2

y= 3x2 + 2x + c

-1

R(0,-3)

6x + 2

y= 3x2 + 2x + c

-3

-3

S(-1,-2)

6x + 2

y= 3x2 + 2x + c

-1

-2

-3

Q(-1,6)

x
S(-1,-2)

c is the y-intercept
of the curve

Solution :
7

-3

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

=>

Chapter 3:

(6 x 2)dx = 3x2 + 2x + c
y = 3x2 + 2x + c

=>

=> At point P(0,5), x = 0 , y = 5.

5 = 3(0)2 + 2(0) + c
5 =c

=> At point Q(-1,6), x = -1 , y = 6.

6 = 3(-1)2 + 2(-1) + c
6 = 3 -2 + c
5 = c
c=5

c=5
=> At point R(0,-3), x = 0 , y = -3.
-3 = 3(0)2 + 2(0) + c
-3 = c

=> At point P(-1,-2), x = -1 , y = -2.

-2 = 3(-1)2 + 2(-1) + c
-2 = 3 -2 + c
-3 = c
c = -3

c = -3

Learning Outcome
3.1.5 Determine equation of the curves form the functions of gradients.

1. If

dy
= 8x + 1, find the constant of integration, c, given that y = 0 and x = 1.Hence, state
dx

the equation of the curve.

(8 x 1)dx

= 8

x2
+x+c
2

y = 4x2 + x + c
Then,

Substitute the value

y = 0 and x = 1.

(0) = 4(1)2 + (1) + c

0 =4+1+c
-5 = c
c = -5

The equation of the curve, y = 4x2 + x - 5

2. Determine the equation of the curve that has the gradient function
through the point P.
8

dy
and passes
dx

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

a)
The curve
passing through

=>

b)
The curve
passing through

dy
Gradient function ,
dx

P(0,6)

x+3
=>

x+3

y =

+c

y =

+c

x2
)-x
2

(-2)2 (-2)

c= 6

2(

dx

Since the curve passing through P(-2 , 5),

substitute the value y = 5 and x = -2.

+c

( 0) 2
+ 3(0)
2

2x 1

2x - 1

y =

Since the curve passing through P(0 , 6),

substitute the value y = 6 and x = 0.

+c

4 +2 +c

c = -1

x2
Equation of the curve, y =
+3x+6
2

Equation of the curve, y =

x2 x -1

Learning Outcome
3.1.6 Determine integrals of (ax + b)n .
Formula for integration of (ax + b)n .

(ax b) n dx = (ax + b) n+1

+c,

where c is a constant and n

-1.

(n + 1) (a)

1. Find the integral of each the following :

a) (3x 2)4 dx

b)

(4x + 5

) 2 dx

= (4x + 5 ) 2 1 + c

= (3x 2 )4 + 1 + c
(3)(4 + 1)

3
2

(4) ( 1)

= (3x 2 )5 + c
(3)(5)

= (4x + 5 ) 2 + c
5
(4) 2

= (3x 2 )5 + c
15

)
5

= (4x + 5 ) 2 + c
10
2. Fill in the blank.
a)

(5x 1)2 dx
2+1

dy
dx

dy
= 2x - 1
dx

dx

x2
+3x
2

Gradient function ,

P(-2,5)

dy
=x+3
dx

y =

Chapter 3:

b)
c
c

(4x + 5)3 dx
3+1

c)

(3x 7) 2 dx

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

= (5x - 1)
5

= (4x + 5)
4

2+1

Chapter 3:

= (3x 7) ( 2

3+1

= (5x - 1)
5

= (4x + 5)
4

= (5x - 1)

= (4x + 5)

3
4

3/2 +1

= (3x 7)

+ 1)

5
2

5/2

2
(3x 7)
15

5
2

+ c

16

15

3. Match the indefinite integral of each of the following.

1.

(3x + 4)2 dx

=-

3
(2x 1)-1 + c
2

2.

(2x 3)3 dx

=-

1
(5x 1)-2 + c
10

3.

3(1 4x)5 dx

=-

1
(1 4x)6 + c
8

4.

(5x 1)-3 dx

1
(3x + 4)3 + c
9

5.

1
(2x 3)4 + c
8

3.2

Definite Integral

3
. dx
2
(2x 1)

Learning Objective
3.2.0 Understand and use the concept of definite integral.
Learning Outcome
3.2.1 Find definite integrals of algebraic expressions.

Definite integral ,

b
a

y dx = [ g(x) ] a
=

a and b are known

as the lower limit
and upper limit

g(b) g(a)

1. Evaluate each of the following.

a)

3
1

x3 3
]
3 1
(3) 3
(1) 3
= [
][
]
3
3

x2 dx = [

b)

2
0

(x2 - 3x + 1) dx

2
x 3 3x 2
+ x]0
3
2
3
( 2)
3( 2) 2
(0) 3 3(0) 2
=[
+ (2) ] - [
+
3
2
3
2

=[

10

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

= [9]- [

0]

1
]
3

8
- 6 + 2] - [ 0 ]
3
4
=3

=[

26
3

Chapter 3:

2. Evaluate the definite integral.

3
1

(6x + 2) dx

3
6 2
x + 2x ] 1
2

1.

2.

[ 3x2 + 2x ] 1
[ 3(3)2 + 2(3) ] [3(1)2 + 2(1) ]

3.
4.
5.

3
6 2
x + 2x ] 1
2

28

[ 3x2 + 2x ] 1

[ 33 ] [ 5 ]

[ 33 ] [ 5 ]

28

3. Evalute
integral

[ 3(3)2 + 2(3) ] [3(1)2 + 2(1) ]

3
0

4 x dx . Draw lines to join the relation according to process of definite

3
0

4 x dx

=[ 2 x2

= 2(3)2 2(0)2

= [ 4()

= 18

Learning Outcome
3.2.3 Determine areas under curves using formula.

Applications of integration
b

Area under the graph, a y dx

11

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

Chapter 3:

Process of
Integration,
definite integral ,
dx

b
a

y
y = f(x)

x
Equation, y = f(x)
Function/Equation, y

Process of
Integration

Process of
Differentiation

Gradient of tangent, m=

dy
dx

y
m=

dy
dx

Area under the graph ,

b
a

y dx = [ g(x) ]

b
a

This is called definite integral of y respect to x between the limits a

(lower limit) and b (upper limit).

12

a and b are known

as the lower limit
and upper limit

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

Chapter 3:

Further notes on areas

y

From the graph , it is clear that

f(x) dx =

b
a

f(x) dx +

f(x) dx

If y is negative in the range a to b, then the value obtained

b

form the integral a

f(x) dx will also be negative .

a
0

Thus, the numerical value of the area shown shaded

b

will be - a

f(x) dx or

f(x) dx .

The area between a curve, y-axis, the lines y =a and y =

b will be

b
a

x dy .

1. Match the following definite interal with respect to x.

b
a

f(x) dx

f(x) dx

A = Area under the curve

between coordinate-x
a to b.

2 f(x) dx

A=
x

c
a

f(x) dx
-b

2. Given that
a)

=3

6
3

=3( 4

6
3

3f(x) dx

A= 2

0
b

-a

dx

b
a

A = a

b
a

f(x) dx

f(x) dx +

b
a

c
b

f(x)

f(x) dx

f(x) dx = 4, find the value of

b)

3
6

c)
dx

f(x) dx
=

f(x) dx

f(x) dx
=

)
=-4

13

5
3

6
3

f(x) dx +

f(x) dx

6
5

f(x)

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

Chapter 3:

= 12

= 4

3. Shade the area of the region between the curve and the x-axis.
y

a)

b) y

c)

d)

x
-a

A=

y dx

-a

A=

a
b

-a 0

y dx

A
a

= - 0 y dx +
dx

dx

y dx - b

Shade the area of the region between the curve and the y-axis.
y

e)

f)

b
a

A=

g)

0
-a

x dy

A=

b
0

c
b

h)
x

-a

-a

x dy

c
b

A
b

= - - a xdy +
dy

x dy -

xdy

c
b

4. State the area, A , of the shaded region in each of the following in definite integral form.
y

a)
y=g(x)

y=f(x)
-a

A=

b
-a

y=g(x)

f(x)dx -

g(x)dx

b
-a

c) y

b)

y=f(x)
0

A=
dx

b
0

y=g(x)

f(x)dx -

g(x)

A=
dx

b
0

f(x)dx -

x
y=f(x)

b
0

5. Shade the area of the region between the curve and straight line.
y

a)
0

b)

y=f(x)

y=f(x)

y=g(x)

x
y=g(x)

-a

c)

y=f(x)

y=g(x)
0

14

-a

b c

g(x)

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

A=

f(x)dx +

g(x)dx

A=

0
-a

f(x)dx +

g(x)dx

Chapter 3:

A=

g(x)dx -

-a

f(x)dx

b
-a

6. Find the area of the shaded region.

a).

b).
y

y = x +1

y
y2 = x + 2

Solution :
Area =
=

Solution :

y dx

Area =

dx

x2 +1

= [ x

x3
3

10
3

dy

y2 - 2

-2y

y3
- 2y
3

= [

= [

33
3

c). Find the area of the shaded region

between the curve y = x2 x , the x-axis
and the coordinates x = 0 and x = 3.

14
3

- (

5
3

13
3

- 2 (1) ]

unit2

d). Find the area enclosed between the curve

y = x2 + 2 and the line y = 4x -1.
y= x2 + 2

- 2 (3) ] - [

= ( 3

unit2

x dy
3

= [ y

23
13
= [
+ (2)] - [
+ (1)]
3
3
14
4
= (
) - (
)
3
3

3
1

+ x

+ 1x ]

= [

y2 = x + 2
y2 - 2 = x
x = y2 2

y = x2 + 1

15

y = 4x -1

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

Answer :

29
unit2
6

Answer :

Chapter 3:

4
unit2
3

Learning Outcome
3.2.4 Determine the volumes of revolutions using formula.

Applications of integration
16

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

Volume of revolution,

y2 dx .

b
a

Chapter 3:

Area under the graph,

y dx .

y
x

b
a

dx

Process of
Integration,

Process of
Integration,
definite integral ,

b
a

y2

definite integral ,
dx

b
a

y
y = f(x)

x
Equation, y = f(x)
Function/Equation, y

Process of
Integration

Process of
Differentiation

Gradient of tangent, m=

dy
dx

y
m=

dy
dx

Volume of revolution
y
Volume of
revolution,
V =
y=
f(x)

b
a

y2 dx

a V is the volume xof solid

where y = f(x) and
generated when the curve y = f(x) between 17
limits x = a and x = b is rotated completely
round the x-axis.

y
Volume of revolution, V =
b

b
a

x2 dy

where y = f(x) and V is the volume of solid

generated when the curve y = f(x) between
limits y = a and y= b is rotated completely
round the y-axis.

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

Chapter 3:

a
x

1 a) Draw the solid of revolution when the shaded region is rotated through 360 about
x-axis.
i
ii
iii
iv
y
y
y
y

1 b) Draw the solid of revolution when the shaded region is rotated through 360 about
y-axis.
i
ii
iii
iv
y
y
y
y

2. Arrange and rewrite the process of integration to find the volume of revolution.
a)

Find the volume of revolution generated when the part of the curve y = x2 from x =1
to x = 2 is rotated through 360 about x-axis.
y

1.

V=
2

2.

= 1

2
1

y2 dx

(x 2 )2

V=

2
1

12

dx
18

y2 dx
(x 2)2 dx

0x
WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)
Integration

3.
4.
5.

6.
7.
8.
9.

(x 2 )2 dx

(x 4) dx

x 41
]
4 1

= [

x5
]
5

= [

Chapter 3:

x 41
]
4 1

(x 2 )2

2
1

2
1

dx

x 4 dx

x5
]
5

2
1

2
1

2
1

[ ( 32 ) - ( 1 ) ]
5
5

25
15
) - (
)]
5
5
32
1
= [ (
) -(
)]
5
5
31
=[
] unit 3
5

= [ (

31
]
5
5
5
[ ( 2 ) - (1 ) ]
5
5

Find the volume of revolution generated when the part of the curve y = x2 from y =1
to y = 2 is rotated through 360 about y-axis.
y

2
1
x

0
1.

V=

2.

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

2
1

2
1

x2

(y )

y 11
11
2
[ y ]
2
2
[(2 )
2
4
[( )
2
3
[
]
2

dy

dy

2
1

V=
[

2
1

x2

y 11
]
11

(y )

2
1

dy

2
1

dy

y2
] 12
2
[( 4 ) -(1 )]
2
2
3
[
]
2
2
2
[ ( 2 ) - (1 ) ]
2
2

2
1

12
)]
2
1
-(
)]
2

- (

unit3

a) Find the volume generated when the shaded region is rotated about
the x-axis through 360.
y

y = x2 + 1

V=
=

y2 dx
(x2 + 1)2 dx
(x4 + 2x2 + 1) dx
2

0
2
0

19

rotated about
the x-axis

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

Chapter 3:

2
x5
x3
+2
+x ] 0
5
3
25
23
05
03
= {[ (
)+ 2(
) + (2) ] [ (
)+ 2(
) + (0) ] }
5
3
5
3
206
= {[
][0] }
15
206
unit3
=
15

b) Find the volume generated when the shaded region is rotated about
the y-axis through 360.
y

x2 dy
(y) dy

V=

y = x2
x

rotated about
the y-axis

y2
2

] 0
2

{[ ( 2 )] [( 0
2
2
= { [2] [ 0 ] }
=

)] }

= 2 unit3
c) Find the volume generated when the shaded region is rotated about
the y-axis through 360.
y

y =x

2
0

V=
=

2
0
2
0
2
0

x2 dy

(y ) dy
(y4 ) dy
2 2

2
y5
] 0
5
25
05
= {[ (
)] [(
)] }
5
5
32
= {[
][0] }
5
32
unit3
=
5

20

rotated about
the y-axis