K L University, Guntur

Department of Mechanical Engineering

B.Tech. III Semester (2014-15)
Practice Questions for Competencies (C5, C6 & C7)
Course Code & Title: 13 ME 201-Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulic Machines
Course Co-ordinator: Dr. S. S. Rao
Branch: Mechanical engineering
Course outcome C5: Estimate various major and minor losses in pipes

1. A pipe 150mm in diameter and 15m long is connected to the bottom of a tank, 15meters
long by 12meters wide. The original head over the open end of the pipe is 5meters. Find
the time of emptying the tank, assuming the entrance to the pipe is sharp-edged. Assume
f= 0.01 in hf = fLV2/2gD
(Example GATE problem Chapter 12; page no: 674, Fluid mechanics and fluid machines
by R. K. Rajput)
2. A farmer wishes to connect two pipes of different lengths and diameters to a common
header supplied with 810-3 m3/sec of water from a pump. One pipe is 100m long and
5cm in diameter. The other pipe is 800m long. Determine the diameter of the second pipe
such that both pipes have the same flow rate. Assume the pipes to be laid on level ground
and friction co-efficient for both pipes as 0.02. Also determine the head loss in meters of
water in the pipes.
(Example GATE problem Chapter 12; page no: 681, Fluid mechanics and fluid machines
by R. K. Rajput)
3. A 2500 m long pipeline is used for transmission of power. 120KW power is to be
transmitted through the pipe in which water having a pressure of 4000 KN/m2 at inlet is
flowing. If the pressure drop over the length of pipe is 800 KN/m2 and f = 0.006. find (i)
Diameter of the pipe and (ii) Efficiency of transmission.
(Example problem Chapter 12; page no: 705, Fluid mechanics and fluid machines by R.
K. Rajput)
4. At a sudden enlargement of a water main from 240 mm to 480 mm diameter, the
hydraulic gradient rises by 10mm. Estimate the rate of flow in the pipe line.
(Example problem Chapter 14; page no: 600, Fundamentals of fluid mechanics by G. S.
Sawhney)
5. Derive the expression for maximum power transmitted and maximum efficiency of
power transmitted by a flow in a pipeline.
(Refer Chapter 14; page no: 622, Fundamentals of fluid mechanics by G. S. Sawhney)
6. Two reservoirs open to atmosphere are connected by a pipe 800 m long. The pipe goes
over a hill whose height is 6 m above the level of water in the upper reservoir. The pipe
diameter is 300 mm and friction factor f = 0.032. The difference in water levels in the
two reservoirs is 12.5 m. If the absolute pressure of water anywhere in the pipe is not
allowed to fall below 1.2 m of water in order to prevent vapour formation, calculate the
length of pipe in the portion between the upper reservoir and the hill summit, and also the
discharge through the pipe. Neglect bend losses.
(Example problem Chapter 11; page no: 464, Fluid mechanics and fluid machines by S K
Som & G. Biswas)

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7. There is sudden increase in the diameter of a pipe from d1 to d2. What would be the ratio
d2/d1 if the minor loss is independent of the direction of flow? Assume coefficient of
contraction Cc = 0.6.
(Exercise problem Chapter 11; page no: 469, Fluid mechanics and fluid machines by S K
Som & G. Biswas)
8. A compound piping system consists of 1800 m of 0.50 m, 1200 m of 0.40 m and 600 m
of 0.30 m new cast iron pipes connected in series. Convert the system to (a) an equivalent
length of 0.40 m pipe, and (a) equivalent size pipe 3600 m long.
(Example problem Chapter 11; page no: 540, Hydraulics and Fluid mechanics including
fluid machines by Modi & Seth)
9. A pipe line 2000 m long is used for power transmission. 110KW is to be transmitted
through the pipe in which water having a pressure of 5000 KN/m2 at inlet is flowing. If
the pressure drop over the length of the pipe is 1000 KN/m2 and co-efficient of friction is
0.0065, find: (i) the diameter of the pipe, and (ii) efficiency of the transmission.
(Exercise problem Chapter 12; page no: 723, Fluid mechanics and fluid machines by R.
K. Rajput)
10. What is a compound pipe? How would you determine the equivalent size of a compound
pipe?
Course outcome C6: Apply concept of boundary layer theory on fluid flow

1. Draw a neat sketch of the Reynolds apparatus, and explain how the laminar and turbulent
flow can be demonstrated with the help of apparatus.
(Refer Chapter 10; page no: 535, Fluid mechanics and fluid machines by R. K. Rajput)
2. A pipe 60mm diameter and 450 m long slopes upwards at 1 in 50. An oil of viscosity 0.9
Ns/m2 and specific gravity 0.9 is required to be pumped at the rate of 5 liters/sec.
Determine: (i) Is the flow Laminar? (ii) what pressure difference is required to attain this
condition? (iii) what is the power of the pump required assuming an overall efficiency of
65 % ?
(Example problem Chapter 10; page no: 553, Fluid mechanics and fluid machines by R.
K. Rajput)
3. What is the difference between a laminar flow and a turbulent flow?
(Refer Chapter 10; Fluid mechanics and fluid machines by R. K. Rajput)
4. Explain the concept of boundary layer development over a flat plate?
(Refer Chapter 13; page no: 544, Fundamentals of fluid mechanics by G. S. Sawhney)
5. What are the factors affecting the growth of boundary layer on a flat plate?
(Refer Chapter 13; page no: 544, Fundamentals of fluid mechanics by G. S. Sawhney)
6. Explain the following boundary layer thicknesses
(a) Displacement thickness (b) Momentum thickness (c) Energy thickness
(Refer Chapter 13; page no: 727, Fluid mechanics and fluid machines by R. K. Rajput)
7. Describe the phenomenon of separation of boundary layer? What are different methods of
preventing the separation of boundary layer?
(Refer Chapter 13; page no: 558, Fundamentals of fluid mechanics by G. S. Sawhney)
8. Explain the characteristics of laminar and turbulent boundary layers?
(Refer Chapter 13; page no: 545, Fundamentals of fluid mechanics by G. S. Sawhney)

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Course outcome C5: Estimate the forces exerted by jet on plates of various geometries
1. Derive an expression for the force exerted by a jet of water on a fixed vertical plate in the
direction of jet.
(Refer Chapter 1 of Hydraulic machines; page no: 2, Fluid mechanics and fluid machines
by R. K. Rajput)
2. Show that the force exerted by a jet of water on moving inclined plate in the direction of
jet is given by Fx = a (V-u)2 Sin2 ,
(Refer Chapter 1 of Hydraulic machines; page no: 12, Fluid mechanics and fluid
machines by R. K. Rajput)
3. Show that the efficiency of a free jet striking normally as series of flat plates mounted on
the periphery of a wheel never exceeds 50%.
(Refer chapter 20, page no: 983, Hydraulics and Fluid mechanics by Modi & Seth)
4. A jet of water strikes with a velocity of 35 m/s a flat plate inclined at 300 with the axis of
the jet. If the cross sectional area of the jet is 25 cm2, estimate (i) force exerted by the jet
on the plate (ii) the components of the force in the direction normal to the jet.
(Refer Chapter 1 of Hydraulic machines; page no: 6, Fluid mechanics and fluid machines
by R. K. Rajput)
5. A jet of water of diameter 60mm moving with a velocity of 40 m/s, strikes a curved fixed
plate tangentially at one end at an angle of 300 to horizontal. The jet leaves the plate at an
angle of 200 to the horizontal. Find the force exerted by the jet on the plate in the
horizontal and vertical directions.
(Refer Chapter 1 of Hydraulic machines; page no: 8, Fluid mechanics and fluid machines
by R. K. Rajput)
6. A jet of water 50mm in diameter having a velocity of 20 m/s, strikes normally a flat
smooth plate. Determine the thrust on the plate (a) if the plate is at rest; (b) if the plate is
moving in the same direction as the jet with a velocity of 8 m/s. Also find the work done
per second on the plate and the efficiency of the jet when the plate is moving.
(Exercise problem, Chapter 20, page no: 1018, Hydraulics and Fluid mechanics by Modi
& Seth)
7. A 75 mm diameter water jet having a velocity of 12 m/s impinges on a plane. Smooth
plate at an angle of 600 to the normal to the plate. What will be the impact when (i) the
plate is stationary, and (ii) the plate is moving in the direction of the jet at 6 m/s?
Estimate the work done per unit time by the jet on the plate in each case. Take the density
of water as 998 kg/m3.
(Refer Chapter 1 of Hydraulic machines; page no: 13, Fluid mechanics and fluid
machines by R. K. Rajput)
8. A jet strikes tangentially a smooth curved vane moving in the same direction as the jet,
and the jet gets reversed in the direction. Show that the maximum efficiency is slightly
less than 60 %.
(Refer Chapter 1 of Hydraulic machines; page no: 21, Fluid mechanics and fluid
machines by R. K. Rajput)

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