American Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2013, Vol. 1, No.

7, 241-245
Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajme/1/7/18
Science and Education Publishing
DOI:10.12691/ajme-1-7-18

Kinematics of Selected Parts of Metal Cutting Machine

Jozef Filas, Vladimr Marton*
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Applied Mechanics and Mechatronics, Technical University of Koice, Letn 9,
Koice, Slovak Republic
*Corresponding author: jozef.filas@tuke.sk

Received October 11, 2013; Revised October 22, 2013; Accepted November 19, 2013

Abstract This article deals with kinematics of mechanical part of lathe in cases of highest and lowest speeds
during machining for selected parts of the machine. Calculations are made or cut in startup mode in steady state.
Not stated all calculations because of their large-scale. Calculations are for real machine tool, which is used in
workshop practice. Analogy, it can do the same when other machine in which the gear unit and the various modes
of operation.
Keywords: metal cutting machine, lathe, kinematics
Cite This Article: Jozef Filas, and Vladimr Marton, Kinematics of Selected Parts of Metal Cutting
Machine. American Journal of Mechanical Engineering 1, no. 7 (2013): 241-245. doi: 10.12691/ajme-1-7-18.

1. Introduction
The use of metal cutting machines as well as lathes for
machining components from various materials with
different dimensions requires the drive of lathe to be able
to change the cutting speed on the surface of the machined
component.
It is therefore very important to know the kinematics of
motion of the whole machine part of lathe, but also its
individual members.
In this paper we focus on the calculation of selected
kinematic parameters of the parts of lathe connected so
that the spindle of lathe had the intended rates. We
focused on two parameters: the minimum speed and the
maximum speed. Analogy would be followed for any
other speed.
Figure 1 shows an overall view of specific type of center
lathe, which will undergo partial kinematic analysis.

The lathe is intended for various uses. Machining of

outer surface of cylinders and cones, machining by
copying, coils production, shaping by grooving tools and
so on.
Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4 show other parts of the
lathe.

Figure 2. Transmission of the lathe

Figure 1. Center lathe

Figure 3. Levers for setting the rates

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Input (motor) is 1750 rates per minute and by

multistage transmission, illustrated on Figure 6, head of
the lathe reaches 2000 rates per minute.

Figure 6. Positioning of shafts and wheels in transmission

Figure 7 shows a simplified schematic view of mutually

meshing cogwheels positioned on multiple shafts.

Figure 4. Belt pulleys on engine and transmission

Figure 7. Schema of meshing cogwheels

2. Transfer of Drive from Engine to Head

of the Lathe

Calculation of transfer ratio (uR), angular velocities (),

tangential (at) and normal components (an) accelerations
on circumferences of individual cogwheels goes as
following:
Transfer number:

Transmission of lathe has multiple shafts. Overall

simplified schema of the drive is illustrated on Figure 5.

Gearbox

Head lath

u=
MS
uMS =

Figure 5. Schema of lathes drive

Table 1 shows rates of lathes head depending on levers

setting Figure 3.

630

800

1000

1250

1600

2000

12,5

16

20

25

31,5

40

50

63

80

100

125

160

200

250

315

400

500

3.1. Calculation of Kinematic Parameters for

the Fastest Gear

nM
n
nS = M = 1003,5,
nS
uMS

(1)

2 1003,5
= 105rads 1 ,
60

vS1 =S RS1 =7,356ms 1 ,

S = S s= 210rads 2 ,
atS1 = S RS1 =14, 7 ms 2 ,
a=
nS1

630

3. Calculation of Kinematic Parameters

dS
250
= = 1, 724,
d M 145

Wheel on shaft S:

S
=

Table 1. Output rates (min-1)

1

dA1 dB3 dC1 90 80 140

=
= 0,513,
dS1 dA5 dB5 140 85 165

n
n
1003,5
u R = S nvyst = S =
=1956,
nvyst
uR
0,513

Engine

Poloha
pky

uR =

aS 1 =

vS12
= 773ms 2 ,
RS1

a 2tS1 + a 2nS1 = 733,14ms 2

Wheels on shaft A:
1
v A=
1 v=
S 7,356m ,

(2)

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243

atC1 = C RC1 =28, 62ms 2 ,

v A5 v A1
=
,
rA5 rA1

a=
nC1

v A5 rA5
6,94ms 1 ,
=
v A5 =
rA1

v 2C1
= 2925,37 ms 2 ,
RC1

(5)
aC1 = a 2tC1 + a 2nC1 = 2925,51ms 2 .
Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 10, Figure 11 illustrate
kinematic parameters of points on circumferences of
meshing cogwheels on the transmission.

v A1

=
= 163, 7 rads 1 ,
A
rA1

A = A s= 327,34rads 2 ,
atA1 = A RA1 =14, 7 ms 2 ,
v 2 A1
= 1205, 4ms 2 ,
RA1

a=
nA1

a 2tA1 + a 2nA1 = 1205,5ms 2 ,

a A1 =

atA5 = A RA5 =13,9ms 2 ,

v 2 A5
= 1133, 26ms 2 ,
RA5

a=
nA5

a 2tA5 + a 2nA5 = 1133,35ms 2 .

a A5 =

Figure 8. Shaft S

(3)

Wheels on shaft B:
1
v=
A5 v=
B 3 6,94m ,

vB 5 vB 3
,
=
rB5 rB3
vB 5
=

vB 2 rB5
= 14,31ms 1 ,
rB3

vB 5
= 173,5163, 7 rads 1 ,
rB5

Figure 9. Shaft A

B = B s= 347327,34rads 2 ,
atB3 = B RB3 =13,88ms 2 ,
a=
nB 3

aB 3 =

v 2 B3
= 1204,1ms 2 ,
RB3

a 2tB3 + a 2nB3 = 1204,18ms 2 ,

atB5 = B RB5 =28, 62ms 2 ,

Figure 10. Shaft B

v 2 B5
a=
= 2482,13ms 2 ,
nB 5
RB5

aB 5 =

a 2tB5 + a 2nB5 = 2482,3ms 2 .

(4)

Wheel on shaft C:
1
v=
B 5 v=
C1 14,31ms ,

vC1
= 204, 42rads 1 ,
rC1

C = C s= 408,86rads 2 ,

Figure 11. Shaft C

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American Journal of Mechanical Engineering

3.2. Calculation of Kinematic Parameters for

the Slowest Gear
Rate of motor at the beginning of kinematic chain is
1750 rates per minute, which is transformed in
transmission to 12 rates per minute on head of the lathe.
Figure 12 shows schema of positioning of shafts and
cogwheels for the slowest gear.

Calculations of kinematic variables on shafts A, B, D,

Care analogous calculations in Section 1.3.
Figure 14, Figure 15, Figure 16, Figure 17, Figure 18
illustrate kinematic parameters of point on circumferences
of mutually meshing cogwheels in the transmission.

Figure 14. Shaft S

Figure 12. Positioning of shafts and cogwheels in transmission

Figure 13 shows simplified schema of mutually

meshing cogwheels, which are positioned on multiple
shafts.

Figure 15. Shaft B23

Figure 13. Schema of cogwheels connection

Transfer number:

uP =

dA1 dB2 dD1 dB3 dC2 90 80 140

=
= 78,3,
dS2 dA2 dB5 dD3 dB7 140 85 165
n
n
1003,5
u P = S nvyst = S =
=12,81.
78,31
nvyst
uP
Figure 16. Shaft D

Transfer from motor to shaft S:

u=
MS

dS
250
= = 1, 724.
d M 145

Input rates to transmission:

uMS =

nM
n
nS = M = 1003,5.
nS
uMS

Wheel on shaft S:

=
S

2 1003,5
= 105rads 1 ,
60

Figure 17. Shaft B78

vS 2 = S RS = 6,3ms 1 ,

S = S s= 210rads 2 ,
atS 2 = S RS = 12, 6ms 2 ,
a=
nS 2

aS 2 =

vS 22
= 661,5ms 2 ,
RS 2

a 2tS 2 + a 2nS 2 = 661, 62ms 2 .

(6)

Figure 18. Shaft C

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4. Conclusion

References

Similarly, it would be possible to determine the selected

kinematic variables for other modes work machine Results
can be verified by other methods of kinematics.

[1]
[2]
[3]

Acknowledgement
The works has been accomplished under the research
project VEGA 1/1205/12 Numerical modelling of
mechatronic systems.

[4]
[5]

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