MICROPROCESSOR BASED
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
DESIGN
Syed Ali Jabir
Lecture 2
Email: syedalijabir@gmail.com
PIC18F4520 PIN CONNECTIONS
PIC18F4520 PIN CONNECTIONS
Vdd (Vcc)
Two pins
+5V
Some PIC18F family members have lower voltage for Vdd
Reduces noise
Reduces power consumption
Voltage level can be changed setting appropriate bits in
configuration register
PIC18F4520 PIN CONNECTIONS
Vss (GND)
Two pins
Typically multiple pins for Vcc and GND help reduce
noise in high frequency systems
PIC18F4520 PIN CONNECTIONS
MCLR
Pin 1 is the Master CLear Reset
It is an input and active-LOW
When low pulse is applied, the microcontroller will
reset and terminate all activities
Also called Power-On Reser (POR)
PIC18F4520 PIN CONNECTIONS
MCLR
Typical connections
Vdd
10K
Vdd
10K
MCLR
MCLR
Push
Button
270
PIC18F4520 PIN CONNECTIONS
OSC1 & OSC2
PIC18F can be operated in 10 different oscillator modes
We can select the mode by setting bits FOSC3:FOSC0, in
configuration register 1H
Mostly a quartz crystal of up to 40MHz is connected to
input pins OSC1 and OSC2
`
PIC18F4520 PIN CONNECTIONS
OSC1 & OSC2
1
LP
Low Power Crystal
XT
Crystal/Resonator
HS
High Speed Crystal/Resonator
HSPLL
High Speed Crystal/Resonator with PLL enabled
RC
External Resistor/Capacitor with FOSC/4 output on RA6
RCIO
External Resistor/Capacitor with I/O on RA6
INTIO1
Internal Oscillator with FOSC/4 output on RA6 and I/O on RA7
INTIO2
Internal Oscillator with I/O on RA6 and RA7
EC
External Clock with FOSC/4 output
10
ECIO
External Clock with I/O on RA6
PIC18F4520 PIN CONNECTIONS
OSC1 & OSC2
PIC18F4520 PIN CONNECTIONS
Ports
A
B
C
D
E
PIC18F4520 PIN CONNECTIONS
RECAP
Which pin is used for reset in PIC18F4520 ?
MCLR is active - ?
How many Vdd and Vcc pins are there in PIC18F4520 ?
PIC18F4520 PIN CONNECTIONS
Configuration Registers
PIC18F4520 PIN CONNECTIONS
CONFIG1H register and Oscillator Clock Source
Located at address 0x300001
Is used for clock oscillator settings
PIC18F4520 PIN CONNECTIONS
CONFIG1H register and Oscillator Clock Source
FOSC3:FOSC0
Oscillator Selection
bits
11XX
External RC oscillator, CLKO function on RA6
101X
External RC oscillator, CLKO function on RA6
1001
Internal oscillator block, CLKO function on RA6, port function on RA7
1000
Internal oscillator block, port function on RA6 and RA7
0111
External RC oscillator, port function on RA6
0110
HS oscillator, PLL enabled (Clock Frequency = 4 x FOSC1)
0101
EC oscillator, port function on RA6
0100
EC oscillator, CLKO function on RA6
0011
External RC oscillator, CLKO function on RA6
0010
HS oscillator
0001
XT oscillator
0000
LP oscillator
PIC18F4520 PIN CONNECTIONS
Instruction Cycle Time
In PIC18F microcontrollers, instruction cycle time is based on of the clock source
provided to OSC pins
So if we use 4MHz crystal
4MHz/4 = 1MHz
Inst. cycle time = 1/1MHz = 1us
Compute Instruction cycle time for 10MHz crystal
PIC18F4520 PIN CONNECTIONS
CONFIG2L register and reset voltage
Located at address 0x300002
Is used for providing stable voltage and clock frequency during reset
An internal power up timer (PWRT) provides a fixed delay during power up
which keeps CPU in reset state until power supply stabilizes
Another internal oscillator startup timer (OST) does the same for crystal oscillator
PIC18F4520 PIN CONNECTIONS
CONFIG2L register and reset voltage
Microcontroller can malfunction if power source provided to Vdd pins fluctuates
Brown Out Reset Voltage (BORV) lets the user set a minimum voltage below which
microcontroller goes into reset state
For a high speed crystal of 40MHz, Vdd = 5V and BORV = 4.5V
For low power systems BORV = 1.8V
Once the voltage stabilizes, program continues execution from the same location
PIC18F4520 PIN CONNECTIONS
CONFIG2H register and watch dog timer
Located at address 0x300003
WATCH DOG TIMER is used to force the microcontroller into the known state of reset
when the system is hung up or out of control due to execution of incorrect sequence of codes
Problems can happen due to corruption of program memory caused by
Power surge
Electrically noisy environment
Inadvertent changes to PC
WDT will force the system into a state of reset/sleep from which it can recover
USES
Prevent a system from going into infinite loop due to software bug
Catch events that cause the system to hang
PIC18F4520 PIN CONNECTIONS
CONFIG4L register and background debugger
Located at address 0x300006
DEBUG
If PIC18F is connected to an in-circuit debugger (Pickit) RB6 and RB7 pins of PORTB
cannot be used as general purpose I/O
STVREN
Stack Full/Underflow Reset Enable
LVP
Used for low-voltage in-circuit serial programming (ICSP) via pin RB5
PIC18F4520 PIN CONNECTIONS
Setting CONFIG registers in MPLAB C18 compiler
#include <p18f4520.h>
#pragma config OSC = HS
#pragma config BORV = 45, PWRT = ON, BOR = ON
#pragma config WDT = OFF
#pragma config DEBUG = OFF, LVP = OFF
void main (void)
{
..
..
.
}
REFERENCES
PIC18F4520 datasheet
