Pressure Pipe Systems Ratings

Pressure Pipe System Ratings
2. Pressure pipe systems ratings

Thermoplastic pipes based on the nominated standard sizes
are accorded pressure ratings. The basis of this rating is that
the outside diameter of the pipe remains standard but the
2.2.2 The ISO 4065 S series classification

The ISO 4065 S classifies pipes into pressure ratings using a
series number, therefore pipes with the same series number
are rated to the same pressure.
wall thickness is specified according to the strength
The series number can be arrived at by use of the
requirement. For example the outside diameter of a 32 mm
following formula: -
pressure pipe rated at 10 bar will be the same as that rated

at 16 bar. The higher the pressure that the pipe is required to
hold, the greater the strength requirement and thus the
greater the wall thickness necessary to withstand that
Alternatively S can be derived with
pressure.
2.1 Calculation of pipe wall thickness

The pipe wall thickness can be calculated by the following
vessel formula:-
Where
Series number, note this is dimensionless
Permissible circumferential stress (MPa),

HPPE=10 MPa.
Where
Pipe wall thickness (mm)
D Outside diameter (mm)

P
Permissible operating pressure (bar) at 20 C
Permissible circumferential stress (MPa),

HPPE=10 MPa.
20 Constant of proportionality
Due to manufacturing necessity pipes of a small diameter will
Permissible operating pressure (bar) at 20 C
10
Proportionality constant
Outside diameter (mm)
2.2.3 The SDR (Standard Dimension Ratio)

The SDR rating (an American classification) denotes the ratio of
the pipes outside diameter to its wall thickness and is found
by using: -
have a greater wall thickness than may be expected when

using the vessel formula.
2.2 International standards of ratings
SDR
Standard Dimension Ratio
There are three classifications which are accepted as
Outside diameter (mm)
International Standards for rating of plastic pipes: -
Pipe wall thickness (mm), this may be
Where
calculated using the vessel formula
2.2.1 The PN Nominal Pressure classification

The PN classification rates pipes and components for their
The SDR may also be calculated from the ISO 4065 S Series (S)
maximum permissible pressure at 20C. Thus a component
by use of the following formula: SDR = 2 x S + 1
rated at PN16 can be used to carry liquid or other fluid

media at 20C up to a maximum pressure of 16 bar.
Table 2.1 Correlation between SDR and PN

PE100 - Safety Factor S = 1.25
This system also rules that pipes, valves and fittings of the
same standard size and same nominal pressure rating will
SDR
PN
have the same joint dimensions.
33
26
6.3
21
17
10
11
16
7.4
25
PN is valid for 20C water for service life of 50 years
1
7
Pressure and
Temperature Relationship
3. Pressure and temperature relationship
The required duration of operation for a given working
The following formula is used to calculate the permissible

working pressure for a pipeline system: -
pressure and temperature must be taken into account when

planning a plastic pipe system. Pressures that can be
sustained for a short time at a certain temperature may not
be sustainable at a higher working temperature; or even at
Where
Permissible operating pressure (bar)
the same pressure and temperature should the working
C Safety factor (see table 3.1)
duration of the system be extended. It is possible to work
20 Proportionality constant
out the maximum permitted working pressures at different
temperatures and the associated safety factors with the
Circumferential stress (MPa), taken from

regression chart (see chart 3.1).
use of regression graphs. Safety factors are used to ensure
that plastic pipeline systems can operate under stress for their
D Pipes outside diameter (mm)
given lifetime without damage or failure and is described as

the ratio between the maximum allowable circumferential
stress which a system can absorb and its operating stress.
Pipes wall thickness (mm)
Note that fittings and other components, with the same

pressure rating as the pipe, are normally thicker walled and
therefore the lowest common denominator of wall thickness
(e) should be used.
Table 3.1 Safety factors for thermoplastics (C)

Thermoplastic material
Safety factor*
HPPE
PVCu metric
PVCu imperial
ABS metric
ABS imperial
1.25
2.5
2.1
2.1
2.1
* Safety factors are based on 50 year expected life at 20C, with water.
The higher the working temperature of a plastic pipe system, the lower will be the working pressure that can be sustained
within the system, please refer to table 3.2.
Worked example 3.1
Worked example 3.2
Calculate the maximum operating pressure for a pipe system
Calculate the maximum operating pressure for a pipe system
with the following specification:-
with the following specification:-
Material type:
HPPE
Material type:
HPPE
Intended operating life:
5 years
Intended operating life:
25 years
Maximum operating temperature: 20 C
Maximum operating temperature: 30 C
Pipe dimensions:
Pipe dimensions:
63 x 3.8 mm and 63 x 5.8 mm
63 x 3.8 mm and 63 x 5.8 mm
Solution
Solution
Factor of safety C = 1.25 (from table 3.1).
Factor of safety C = 1.25 (from table 3.1).
With life span 5 years and temperature t = 20 C find = 10.4
With life span 25 years and temperature t = 30 C find = 8.5
(from chart 3.1).
(from chart 3.1).
The formula for determining the operating pressure is used:-
The formula for determining the operating pressure is used: -
20 10.4 3.8
3.8
1.25 (63 3.8)
10.7 bar
20 8.5 3.8
3.8
1.25 (63 3.8)
(PN10) for 3.8 mm wall thickness
and
and
20 10.4 5.8
5.8
1.25 (63 5.8)
16.9 bar
20 8.5 5.8
5.8
1.25 (63 5.8)
8.7 bar
13.8 bar

2
4.8
4.7
4.0
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.2
10
25
50
100
10
25
50
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.1
2.0
1.9
50
10
25
50
10
15
2.7
25
70
2.7
10
1.2
1.5
2.8
3.1
2.8
100
60
50
40
30
20
Temperature C
1.5
1.9
2.3
2.6
2.6
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.0
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.6
4.9
5.0
41
10
51
20
Operating
Years
Temperature
C
25
Operating years
1.9
2.4
2.9
3.2
3.3
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.8
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.9
5.0
5.0
5.2
5.3
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.2
6.3
33
16
2.4
3.0
3.7
4.0
4.2
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
6.1
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
7.3
7.5
7.6
7.8
7.9
26
12.5
2.9
3.6
4.4
4.8
5.0
5.4
5.5
5.7
5.8
6.3
6.4
6.6
6.7
7.3
7.5
7.6
7.8
7.9
8.7
8.9
9.0
9.3
9.4
22
10.5
3.1
3.8
4.7
5.2
5.3
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.7
6.9
7.0
7.2
7.8
8.0
8.1
8.3
8.4
9.3
9.5
9.6
9.9
10.1
21
10
3.7
4.6
5.7
6.2
6.4
7.0
7.1
7.3
7.4
8.1
8.3
8.5
8.6
9.4
9.6
9.8
10.0
10.2
11.2
11.4
11.6
11.9
12.1
17
3.9
4.8
5.9
6.5
6.7
7.2
7.4
7.6
7.7
8.4
8.6
8.8
9.0
9.8
10.0
10.1
10.4
10.6
11.6
11.9
12.1
12.4
12.6
PN rating
17.6
SDR classification
8.3
S clasification
4.9
6.0
7.4
8.1
8.3
9.1
9.2
9.5
9.6
10.6
10.8
11.0
11.2
12.2
12.5
12.7
13.0
13.2
14.6
14.8
15.1
15.5
15.7
13.6
6.3
Table 3.2 Pressure/temperature relationsip Terrain HPPE pressure (safety factor 1.25)
6.2
7.7
9.5
10.4
10.7
11.6
11.8
12.1
12.3
13.5
13.8
14.1
14.4
15.7
16.0
16.2
16.6
16.9
18.7
19.0
19.3
19.8
20.2
11
7.8
9.7
11.8
13.0
13.4
14.5
14.8
15.2
15.4
16.9
17.2
17.7
18.0
19.6
20.0
20.3
20.8
21.2
23.3
23.8
24.2
24.8
25.2
9.8
12.1
14.8
16.2
16.7
18.2
18.5
19.0
19.3
21.2
21.6
22.1
22.5
24.5
25.0
25.4
26.0
26.5
29.2
29.7
30.2
31.0
31.5
7.4
3.2
12.5
15.5
19.0
20.3
21.4
23.3
23.7
24.3
24.7
27.1
27.6
28.3
28.8
31.4
32.0
32.5
33.3
33.9
37.4
38.0
38.7
39.7
40.4
2.5
15.7
19.4
23.7
26.0
26.8
29.1
29.7
30.4
30.9
33.9
34.5
35.4
36.0
39.2
40.0
40.7
41.6
42.4
46.7
47.6
48.4
49.6
50.5
Pressure and
Temperature Relationship
Chart 3.1 Life Regression for HPPE
25
20
10C
15
20C
30C
Circumferential Stress (MPa)
10
40C
9
50C
60C
7
6
5
4
3.5
3
2.5
1.5
1
Years
1
10
25
50 100
0.5
1
10
100
1000
10000
Time (h)
10
100000
100000
10000000
4
3.1 Maximum working conditions for

negative pressure
Worked example 3.3

A HPPE pipe operates under the following condition: Pipe outside diameter:
110mm
The design safety factor for negative
Intended service life:
10 years
pressure is 2.
Safety factor:
Pipeline systems operating below atmospheric pressure
Modulus of Elasticity
900 MPa
(1 bar) are subjected to vacuum or negative pressure
Poissons Ratio
0.4
and will tend to collapse radially inwards due to the

greater outside pressure.
Determine the collapsing pressure and determine whether the
The collapsing pressure can be shown by the following
vacuum pressure can or can not be sustained,
formula: -
for two cases: Pipe wall thickness: 6.6mm

Pipe wall thickness: 3.4mm
Solution
Where
Pc
Collapsing pressure (bar)
20
Proportionality constant
Modulus of elasticity (MPa) (See table 1.1)
Poissons ratio (0.4 for plastic)
The collapsing pressure is given by: -
(a) For e = 6.6mm, the collapsing and the vacuum pressure are
Pipe outside diameter (mm)
calculated: -
Safety factor = 2 (Design safety factor for
20 900 (6.6/110)3
negative pressure)
The maximum allowable negative pressure (Pe) is obtained
4.63
from the collapsing pressure (Pc) and safety

factor (C) with: -
4.63 bar
2.31 bar
Therefore the pipe will sustain this condition,

as Pe is greater than 1.
(b) For e = 3.4mm, the collapsing and the vacuum pressure
are calculated: -
It is recommended that if the allowable negative pressure

(Pe) is less than 1 bar then the pipeline system will not sustain
20 900 (3.4/110)3
0.63 bar
vacuum. (1 bar = 0.98 Atmospheres.) Different thermoplastics

have different operating temperatures under a vacuum and
maximum installation temperatures must be observed, as
0.63
0.32
shown in table 3.3: This pressure is lower than 1 bar; hence the pipe system can
Table 3.3 Maximum installation temperatures for
vacuum conditions
Thermoplastic material
not support this condition.
Maximum temperature under vacuum (C)

PN10
PN16
PE
60
60
PVCu
40
60
ABS
60
60
PP
80
80
5
11

Pressure Pipe Systems Ratings

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Pressure Pipe Systems Ratings

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Pressure Pipe System Ratings

2. Pressure pipe systems ratings

2.2.2 The ISO 4065 S series classification

wall thickness is specified according to the strength

The series number can be arrived at by use of the

requirement. For example the outside diameter of a 32 mm

pressure pipe rated at 10 bar will be the same as that rated

2.1 Calculation of pipe wall thickness

Series number, note this is dimensionless

Permissible circumferential stress (MPa),

Pipe wall thickness (mm)

D Outside diameter (mm)

Permissible operating pressure (bar) at 20 C

Permissible circumferential stress (MPa),

Permissible operating pressure (bar) at 20 C

Outside diameter (mm)

Pipe wall thickness (mm)

2.2.3 The SDR (Standard Dimension Ratio)

have a greater wall thickness than may be expected when

2.2 International standards of ratings

Standard Dimension Ratio

There are three classifications which are accepted as

Outside diameter (mm)

International Standards for rating of plastic pipes: -

Pipe wall thickness (mm), this may be

calculated using the vessel formula

2.2.1 The PN Nominal Pressure classification

maximum permissible pressure at 20C. Thus a component

by use of the following formula: SDR = 2 x S + 1

rated at PN16 can be used to carry liquid or other fluid

Table 2.1 Correlation between SDR and PN

have the same joint dimensions.

PN is valid for 20C water for service life of 50 years

The following formula is used to calculate the permissible

pressure and temperature must be taken into account when

Permissible operating pressure (bar)

the same pressure and temperature should the working

C Safety factor (see table 3.1)

duration of the system be extended. It is possible to work

out the maximum permitted working pressures at different

temperatures and the associated safety factors with the

Circumferential stress (MPa), taken from

use of regression graphs. Safety factors are used to ensure

D Pipes outside diameter (mm)

given lifetime without damage or failure and is described as

Pipes wall thickness (mm)

Note that fittings and other components, with the same

Table 3.1 Safety factors for thermoplastics (C)

Worked example 3.1

Worked example 3.2

Calculate the maximum operating pressure for a pipe system

Calculate the maximum operating pressure for a pipe system

with the following specification:-

with the following specification:-

Intended operating life:

Intended operating life:

Maximum operating temperature: 20 C

Maximum operating temperature: 30 C

63 x 3.8 mm and 63 x 5.8 mm

63 x 3.8 mm and 63 x 5.8 mm

Factor of safety C = 1.25 (from table 3.1).

Factor of safety C = 1.25 (from table 3.1).

With life span 5 years and temperature t = 20 C find = 10.4