CHALKS

OUT OF
SEASHELLS
An Investigatory
Report of Science
School Fair.

ABSTRACT:
The study on the production of chalk out of sea shells was
designed to
produceq u a l i t y d u s t l e s s a n d l o n g l a s t i n g c h a
l k t o c o m p a r e w i t h t h e s t a n d a r d e x i s t i n g co
mmercialized chalks if there are any, which was sold
in the market. The chalk out of sea shells is for local or
non-local used for schools or any educational aspects or
even athome which can be formed into different sizes and
colors according to your will. We, theresearchers, used
the sea shells to recycle and transformed it into a
useful product thatwill be used in our
developing community.
The production of this artifact that has been created
by us strictly followed the procedures. First, collect
sea shells from the sea shore. Then, boil it until it
opens and being crushed into powder and becomes
ready to be processed and made to differentfigures.
Thus, the production of the product was
accomplished and tested on its qualityand
strength.Data on the successful product were tested
and was finished accurately. Resultsshowed that the
said finished product, made from sea shells, is
comparable in terms of appearance and quality.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT:
Having a successful investigatory project is really a great pleasure to us.
It helpsus improving a certain project and identifying new discoveries
from raw materials whichcan be seen abundantly in our surroundings.So,
we, the researchers would like to thank to the following persons who

help usmake this project successful. First, to our Almighty God who
gave us the wisdom thatlead us to come up on this great idea and for the
guidance that made our project fruitful.Mrs. Irmina Calibo who helped
us in the formulation of the study, and lastly, our parentswho
continuously support us in our financial needs in doing our
project.Thank You very much!

TABLE OF CONTENT:
CONTENT

PAGE

Abstract.i
A c k n o w l e d g e m e n T . i i Ta b l e
of Contents ..iii
I . I n t r o d u c t i o n . . . . 1
1.
2.

a.BackgroundofStudy ....1
StatementoftheProblem...

2
3 . S i g n i fi c a n c e o f t h e S t u d y 2
4. S c o p e a n d L i m i t a t i o n . . 2
II.Review of Related Literature...
3
1.Conceptual Framework .......3
2.Theoretical Framework ...4
3 .
H y p o t h e s i s . . 5
4. D e fi n i t i o n o f T e r m s . 5
III. Methodology ...6
1.

Equipments or Materials
.6
2 .
P ro c e d u re . 6
3.Data-Gathering Instrument ..7
I V. R e s u l t s a n d D i s c u s s i o n s . . . 8
1 . D at a and Findi ngs .8
V. S u m m a r y , C o n c l u s i o n a n d R e c o m m e n d a t i o n .
.9
BIBLIOGRAPHY 11

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
A.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

More people used to collect seashells for fun and for past
time. They madedecorations, jewelries and even
accessories for a doll out of it. But dont you know
thataside from those things, seashell can also made into
a much useful thing.We are aware that education is the
most powerful key for us to succeed. And tosupport this,
we need some facilities and materials for us to make it
easier and clearer. Of course, we know that we already
have some modernized equipments, but still, for
thosehopeless countries and people who also want to be
sent in school, even a worst facilitymatters. We already
have whiteboards that just need markers and projectors
as the mostmodernized. But still, the origin of those is
just a simple blackboard and a piece of chalk.So, we, the
researchers, made some trials and errors from different
raw materials to bemade into a more durable chalk.
Until to that moment that we have agreed and succeedin
one of our trials, to make a chalk out of seashells.

B.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The price of almost all commercialized or local products

continuously increasing.And this is a big aspect to be
considered in schooling. Some of the schools dont

haveenough support from government and this thing

brings difficulties for us students.
C. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study opens another way for us people to be able to
save and make chalksthat is much durable with longlasting use that will take part in our study. The study
wasconducted as a remedy for the common problem of
spending much in. And it also helpsus to gain money
when you make this as your business affair. We can
also make someraw materials that we thought to
be useless, transformed into a much useful and
improvedthing.
D.SCOPE AND LIMITATION
This study is focused on designing and producing
alternative chalks. It also dealswith the assessment of its
actual advantages as compared to some commercialized
one.The qualities and quantities data obtained in the
testing of the product against thecontrol were limited to 3
tests only.

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. CONCEPTUAL FAMEWORK
A seashell is the common name for a hard, protective outer layer, a shell,
or insome cases a "test", that was created by a sea creature, a
marine organism. The shell is part of the body of a marine animal, in
most cases the exoskeleton, usually that of ananimal without a

backbone, an invertebrate.The word seashell is often used to refer only

to the shells of marine mollusks, i.e.mollusk shells, but it can also
be used to mean the shells of a wide variety of marineanimals from
different phyla. For helpful introductory articles, see marine
invertebratesand marine biology.Seashells are commonly found in beach
drift, natural detritus deposited alongstrandlines on beaches by the
waves and the tides. Shells are very often washed up onto a beach empty
and clean, the animal having already died, and the soft parts having
rottedaway or having been eaten by either predators or
scavengers.Empty seashells are often found by beachcombers,
and collecting these shells is a harmless hobby or study. However, the
majority of seashells which are offered for salecommercially have been
collected alive (often in bulk) and then killed and cleaned,specifically
for the commercial trade. This type of exploitation can sometimes
have astrong negative impact on the distribution of rarer species, and on
local ecosystems.Many other kinds of sea animals have exoskeletons or
shells which may, after death, wash up on the beach and may be picked
up by beachcombers; these includeremains from species in other
invertebrate phyla, such as the moulted shells or exuviae of crabs and
lobsters, the shells of barnacles, horseshoe crab shells, sea urchin and
sanddollar tests, brachiopod shells, and the shells of marine annelid
worms in the familySerpulidae, which create calcareous tubes.
B. THEORETICAL FAMEWORK
Some people considered seashell as useless in terms of reasonable
things. And because of our research, this belief will now be changed to a
bright side. For we, theresearchers will prove that seashells are not
useless but are significant ones.
C. HYPOTHESIS
1.)There is significance difference between our product,
chalk from sea shells andthe leading commercial one.
2.)There is significance difference between
experimental chalk from sea shells andcommercial one
in terms of quality and durability.

D. DEFINITION OF TERMS
1.)Seashells is a hard, rigid outer layer, which has evolved in a very wide
varietyof di ff e r e nt a ni ma l s , i nc l udi ng mo l l u s k s , s e a ur c hi ns , c r u s t a c e a ns , turtlesa n d t o r
t o i s e s , a r m a d i l l o s , e t c . S c i e n t i f i c n a m e s f o r t h i s t y p e o f structureinclude
exoskeleton, armour, test, carapace, and peltidium.
2.) Cassava A shrubby tropical American plant Manihot esculenta) widely grownfor its large, tuberous,
starchy roots. The root of this plant, eaten as astaple food in the tropics only after leaching and drying to
removecyanide. Cassava starch is also the source of tapioca.

CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
A. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS
o Seashells
o Cassava
o Mortar and pestle
o Grater
o Oven toaster
o Bowl
o Cloth
B. PROCEDURE
1.Collect sea shells from the sea shore or left-over shell viands,
and cassava.
2.Pulverized the shells until it becomes fine as powder and set
aside in a container.
3.Grate the cassava and squeeze its juice using cloth. Separate
the liquid from itsresidue.

4.Mix the residue of the extracted cassava and the pulverized

seashells. Add a smallamount of water at the right ratio of the
quantity of the mixture.
5.Mold the mixture into different shapes and sizes according to
your desire.6.Place it under the sun and wait until it dries up
and is ready to be used.
C. DATA-GATHERING INSTRUMENT
The physical characteristics of the chalk from sea shells
was observed andcompared to the chalk that was
commercially processed.

CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
A. DATA AND FINDINGS
Table1.Physical Characteristics of the Chalk made from
seashells.

Table1.Physical Characteristics of the Chalk made from

seashells.
PHYSICAL
DESCRIPTION
COMMERCIAL
EXPERIMENTAL
CHARACTERISTIC
S
HARDNESS
HARD
SOFT
TEXTURE
ROUGH
ROUGH
Table 1 shows the Physical characteristics of the
experimental and commercial chalk.It shows that they

have different characteristics in terms of hardness but are

bothrough in terms of its texture.

CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
SUMMARY
The research was designed by crushing the seashells,
which is the main source of the product, and which it can
be a useful and eco-friendly product and can
contributeexcellently to our sobbing community. Through
hard research, we, the researchersstudied the
characteristics of the main source, which is seashell, and
we analyzed that itcan be a great specimen in our
investigatory project. We have done several
experimentswhich lead the researchers into a victorious
ending in the said project.
CONCLUSION
On the experiment conducted to produce a fine product
from seashell, we, theresearchers discovered the
characteristics of the seashells which has specific
propertiesand structures. We discovered that it is on of
the stepping stones of the success of the product in which
it is commercially comparable to any commercial
products that are thesame with us, if there are any, in
terms of quality and durability.
RECOMMENDATION

Through hard, decisive, several experiments, the researchers have

conquered anamazing product that has a good quality. We highly
recommend using our own originalfinished product, made from
seashells, because aside from its cheapness, it is also easier to produce,
eco-friendly, recyclable and has the potential to make our study easier
andclearer.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.www.google.com.ph
2.www.dictionary.reference.com