EG1108 Electrical Engineering EXERCISE 2 (Solutions)

Page 1 of 8

EG1108 EXERCISE 2 (Solutions)

E2.1

( Resistances in Series and Parallel )

20 30
Req=
20
30
=
= 12
1
20 + 30
Req=
60 40
= 60 40
= 24
2
60 + 40

=
Req Req 2 4 + Req1

24 ( 4 + 12 )
= 9.6
24 + ( 4 + 12 )

E2.2

20

30

Req1

Req

Req 2

40

60

( Resistances in Series and Parallel )

70 ( R + 18 )
20 70 R + 45 30 =+
20
Rab =+

70 + ( R + 18 )

18

R = 10
=90 R + 3020 =40

R + 88

20

70

45
30

EG1108 Electrical Engineering EXERCISE 2 (Solutions)

Page 2 of 8

( Network Analysis by Using Series and Parallel Equivalents )

E2.3

8A

20

20

25

i1 b
20

i 10 c
10

20

8A

20 b
i1

v 25

vbd

Req1
d

d
Req1 =20 20 20 (10 + 10 ) =
5

Req 2 =25 20 + Req1 =25 25 =12.5

v =8 5 + Req 2 =8 17.5 =140 V

vad =
8 Req 2 =
8 12.5 =
100 V
vad
i1
=
= 100
= 4A
20 + Req1 25
vbd = i1 Req 2 = 4 5 = 20 V
=
i

vbd
= 20
= 1A
10 + 10 20

8A

vad

Req 2
d

EG1108 Electrical Engineering EXERCISE 2 (Solutions)

E2.4

Page 3 of 8

( Network Analysis by Using Series and Parallel Equivalents )

Req = R + R + R R = 2.5 R

102 =
4
Req

E2.5

100 =
4
2.5 R
R=
10

R
10 V

Req

( Voltage - Divider and Current - Divider Circuits )

Applying current division, we obtain

=
iw

10 V

Rg
Rg
2 Rg

4
i
i 10
104
Rw + Rg
Rw + Rg

500 + Rg

1.9999 Rg 0.05 Rg 0.025

i=
2A
v

iw 104 A
Rw =
500

Rg

EG1108 Electrical Engineering EXERCISE 2 (Solutions)

E2.6

Page 4 of 8

( Voltage - Divider and Current - Divider Circuits )

Let R be the unknown resistance.

R
12.6 V

150 12.6 =
5 R = 228
150 + R

E2.7

150

( Node - Voltage and Mesh - Current Analysis )

v1 v1 v2

0
+
+ ix =

5
5
or
2v1 v2 + 5ix =
0
v1 = 20 3 V

v2 v2 v1
+
ix 1 =0
v2 = 10 3 V
10
5
2v1 + 3v2 10ix =
or
10 ix = 10 3 A

Additional equation:

v1 v2 = 10

v1

v2

ix

10 V

10

Figure-E2.7

1A

5V

EG1108 Electrical Engineering EXERCISE 2 (Solutions)

Page 5 of 8

E2.8 ( Node - Voltage and Mesh - Current Analysis )

5

5i1 + 15 ( i1 i2 ) 20 =
0

or
4i1 3i2 =
4
i1 = 26 11 A

i2 = 20 11 A
15 ( i2 i1 ) + 10i2 10 =
0

or
3i1 + 5i2 = 2

20 V

10

i1

15

i2

10 V

2
2
Power dissipation in the 15 resistor: p =
15 ( i1 i2 ) =
15 ( 6 11) =540 =4.463 W
121

E2.9

( Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits )

V
=
v=
9V
t
oc
Vt
Applying voltage division:
100

100 V =
6
9
6

100 + Rt t
100 + Rt

Rt = 50

Rt
open-circuited

voc =
9V

Rt
Vt

100

6V

EG1108 Electrical Engineering EXERCISE 2 (Solutions)

E2.10

Page 6 of 8

( Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits )

1A

1A

6
9

12 V

30

isc = 12 1 =3 A
6
Req= 6 30= 6 30= 5
6 + 30
Therefore:
I n = I sc = 3 A

Vt = I sc Req = 3 5 =
15 V

R=
R=
5
n
t

6
9

6
30

isc

12 V

b
with output short-circuited

b
Thevenin equivalent

Req

b
with sources zeroed
a

15 V

3A

b
Norton equivalent

The 9 resistor has no effect on the equivalent circuits because the voltage across the 12 V source
is independent of this resistance. Another way of seeing this is that the 9 ohms resistance is not
involved in the derivation of the two equivalent circuits.

EG1108 Electrical Engineering EXERCISE 2 (Solutions)

E2.11

Page 7 of 8

( Superposition Principle )
5

i1

ix
5

10 V

10

1A

i2
10

with voltage source zeroed

By current division:

10
2
1 = A
i1 =
10 + 5
3

By KCL:

8 A
i2 = 10 + 10 =
5 15
3

1A

10 V

10

with current source zeroed

ix = i1 + i2 = 10 A (Compare with E2.7)

3

EG1108 Electrical Engineering EXERCISE 2 (Solutions)

E2.12

Page 8 of 8

( Superposition Principle )
i1

2A

X v1 = 2i1

X v2 = 2i2

(a)

i2
3

i1 = 2 A

v1 2=
i13 16 V
=

(b )

1A

2A

i2 = 1 A

v2 2=
i23 2 V
=

X v = 2i

(c)

1A

i = 2 + 1 = 3 A

v 2=
i 3 54 V
=

v v1 + v2 . Superposition does not apply in this case because device X is a non-linear device. The
v i relationship, v = f ( i ) , of a linear device must satisfies the following conditions:
Homogeneity
( or Scaling ) :
Additivity :

f=
=
( Ki ) Kf
( i ) Kv

( where K is a constant )

f ( i1 + i2 )= f ( i1 ) + f ( i2 )
= v1 + v2

f ()

Ki

f ()

Kv

i1 + i2

f ()

v1 + v2