BBW30103

TEKNOLOGI KIMPALAN BERAUTOMASI

WPS, PQR, WQT, WPQ

NAMA PENSYARAH

: DR. MOHD HASRIL BIN AMIRUDDIN

NAMA PELAJAR

: SYED NAZRIN SHAH B SYED JOHARI SHAH

NO.MATRIK
SEKSYEN
TARIKH HANTAR

: DB130149
:1
: 3 MAC 2016

CONTENTS

PAGES
1

Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)

Procedure Qualification Record (PQR)

Welder Qualification Test (WQT)

Welder Performance Qualification (WPQ)

REFERENCES

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Welding Procedure Specification

A Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) is the formal
written

document

describing

welding

procedures,

which

provides direction to the welder or welding operators for

making sound and quality production welds as per the code
requirements. A WPS is a document that describes how welding
is to be carried out in production. They are recommended for
all welding operations and many application codes and
standards make them mandatory. The purpose of the document
is to guide welders to the accepted procedures so that
repeatable and trusted welding techniques are used. A WPS is
developed for each material alloy and for each welding type
used. Specific codes and/or engineering societies are often the
driving force behind the development of a company's WPS.

A WPS is supported by a Procedure Qualification Record

(PQR or WPQR). A PQR is a record of a test weld performed and
tested (more rigorously) to ensure that the procedure will
produce a good weld. Individual welders are certified with a
qualification test documented in a Welder Qualification Test
Record (WQTR) that shows they have the understanding and
demonstrated

ability

to

work within

the specified

WPS.

Sufficient details to enable any competent person to apply the

information and produce a weld of acceptable quality.

The

amount of detail and level of controls specified on a WPS is

dependent on the application and criticality of the joint to be
welded.
3

For

most

applications

the

information

required

is

generally similar to that recorded on a Procedure Qualification

Record (PQR) or Welding Procedure Approval Record (WPAR),
except that ranges are usually permitted on thicknesses,
diameters, welding current, materials, joint types etc.
If a WPS is used in conjunction with approved welding
procedures then the ranges stated should be in accordance
with the approval ranges permitted by the welding procedure.
However careful consideration should be given to the ranges
specified to ensure they are achievable, as the ranges given by
welding procedure standards do not always represent good
welding practice. For example welding positions permitted by
the welding procedure standard may not be achievable or
practical for certain welding processes or consumables.

Typical Items That Should Be Recorded On W.P.S:1. Procedure number

2. Process type
3. Consumable Size, Type and full Codification.
4. Consumable Baking Requirement if applicable
5. Parent material grade and spec.
6. Thickness range.
7. Plate or Pipe, Diameter range
8. Welding Position
9. Joint Fit Up, Preparation, Cleaning, Dimensions etc.
10.
Backing Strip, Back Gouging information.
11.
Pre-Heat (Min Temp and Method)
12.
Inter pass If Required (Maximum Temperature
recorded )
4

13.

Post Weld Heat Treatment. If Required (Time and

Temp)
14.
Welding Technique (weaving, max run width etc.)
15.
Arc Energy Limits should be stated if impact tests are
required or if the material being welded is sensitive to
heat input.

Figure 1 Example of WPS

Procedure Qualification Record (PQR)

A PQR is a record of a test weld performed and tested

(more rigorously) to ensure that the procedure will produce a
good weld. Individual welders are certified with a qualification
test documented in a Welder Qualification Test Record (WQTR)
that shows they have the understanding and demonstrated
ability to work within the specified WPS.

Figure 2 Example of PQR

Welder Qualification Test (WQT)

Welder

Qualification

Test,

(also

known

as

welder

certification) is a process which examines and documents a

welder's capability to create welds of acceptable quality
following a well-defined welding procedure. Welder qualification
is based on specially designed tests to determine a welder's
skill and ability to deposit sound weld metal. The welder's tests
consist of many variables, including the specific welding
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process, type of metal, thickness, joint design, position, and

others. Most often, the test is conducted in accordance with a
particular code.

The tests can be administered under the auspices of a

national or international organization, such as the American
Welding Society (AWS), or American Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME), but manufacturers may specify their own
standards and requirements as well. Welders can also be
certified in specific welding related professions: for example,
American Welding Society certifies welding inspectors and
welding instructors, and the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers certifies high capacity fossil fuel fired plant operators
and several other professions. Most certifications expire after a
certain time limit, and have different requirements for renewal
or extension of the certification

In the USA, welder qualification is performed according to

AWS, ASME and API standards, which are also used in some
other

countries.

Some

States

have

their

own

Welder

Qualifications that supersede AWS Qualifications, but most

defer to AWS, ASME or API.
Procedures involve in WQT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Planning the tasks

Collecting the data
Writing a procedure for use of for trial
Making a test welds
Evaluating the results
8

6. Approving the procedure

7. Preparing the documentation

Objective of WPT
1. To give maximum confidence that the welds mechanical
and metallurgical properties meet the requirements of the
applicable code/specification.
2. Each welding procedure will show a range to which the
procedure is approved (extent of approval)
3. If a customer queries the approval evidence can be
supplied to prove its validity

Welder Performance Qualification (WPQ)

A Welder Performance Qualification (WPQ) is a test

certificate

that

shows

necessary

experience

whether
and

welder

knowledge

to

possesses

the

perform

the

specifications of a particular weld procedure. The scope of the

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WPQ test varies depending on the weld procedure, but it

generally involves non-destructive and destructive testing.

Non destructive test:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Visual Inspection (VT)

X-ray Inspection (RT)
Dye Penetrant (PT)
Ultra-sound Inspection (UT)
Mag Particle Inspection (MT

Destructive Test:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Tensile Tests
Bend Tests
Hardness Tests
Micro Hardness
Nick Break

Specification:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

AWS D1.1
API 1104
API 5L
ASME
MIL

10

Figure 3 Example of WPQ

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REFERENCES

Laurie Bedord (2000), Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) Access on 29

February 2016

retrieve from: http://www.gowelding.com/wp/wps1.html

Professor r. carlisle "carl" smith (2008), WQT. Access on

retrieve from:

1 March 2016

http://www.trinityndt.com/services_weld.php

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