REPORTED SPEECH Modifications of the verbal tenses

1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

EX: I know the answer , she said. She said that she knew the answer.
2. CONTINUOUS PRESENT TENSE CONTINUOUS PAST TENSE
EX: We are writing now, they said. They said they were writing then.
3. SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST PERFECT
EX: I have just finished, she said. She said she had just finished.
4. CONTINUOUS PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT
EX: I have been living here for 20 years, he said. He said he had been living there for 20 years.
5. SIMPLE PAST TENSE SIMPLE PAST PERFECT
EX: I knew the answer, she said. She said she had known the answer.
6. CONTINUOUS PAST TENSE CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT
EX: I was reading a book at 8 o clock last night, she said. She said she was reading a book at 8
o clock the previous night.
7. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE SIMPLE FUTURE IN THE PAST
EX: I will be on time, she promised. She promised she would be on time.
8. CONTINUOUS FUTURE TENSE CONTINUOUS FUTURE IN THE PAST
EX: I will be watching TV this time tomorrow, she said. She said she would be watching TV
that time the next day.

ADVERB MODIFICATION

ADVERB MODIFICATION
NOW
HERE
TODAY
TOMORROW

THEN
THERE
THAT DAY
THE NEXT DAY / THE

FOLLOWING DAY
TONIGHT
THAT NIGHT
THE DAY AFTER IN TWO DAYS TIME
TOMORROW
NEXT WEEK

/ THE

NEXT

MONTH PRONOUNS
/ YEARS FOLLOWING WEEK /
YEARS
I YESTERDAYHE / SHE
THE DAY BEFORE /
MY
HIS / HER
OUR
THEIRTHE PREVIOUS DAY
THE
DAY TWO DAYS BEFORE
WE
THEY
THIS
THAT
BEFORE
THESE
THOSE
YESTERDAY
A WEEK AGO
A WEEK BEFORE
LAST WEEK
THE PREVIOUS WEEK

PRONOUNS

MODAL VERBS
CAN
WILL
SHALL
MAY

COULD
WOULD
SHOULD
MIGHT

MUST

TO HAVE TO

MODAL VERBS

PREPOSITIONS and PHRASAL VERBS REPORTED SPEECH

PREPOSITIONS
Remind somebody of something

Sentence somebody to something

Prevent something/somebody from doing something

Condemn somebody to something

Translate something into something

Cruel to somebody/something

Accuse somebody of something

Cruelty towards/to somebody/something

Delighted with something

Take care of somebody/something

Astonished at/by something

Dissatisfied with something

PHRASAL VERBS
Run across

Find something/somebody by chance

Run away (from)

Leave a place due to unhappiness

Run down

1. Hit and injure somebody with a vehicle

2. Say bad things about somebody/something

Run into

Meet somebody unexpectedly

Run out (of)

Reach the end of a supply of something

Run up against

To start to experience problems