n;'g v]tL k|lalw

(Garlic Cultivation Technology)

= kl/ro M
n;'g g]kfndf k/fk"j{ sfn b]lv v]tL ul/+b} cfPsf] Pp6f
dxTjk"0f{ d;nf jfnL xf] . laZj ahf/df laleGg lsl;dsf cfo'a]{lbs
cf}ifwLx? / k|zf]lwt ;fdfu|Lx?df ;d]t k|of]u x'g] o; jfnLn] xfn
gub] jfnLsf] ?k klg lnO{ ;s]sf] 5 . j}1flgs efiffdf Plnod ;
6fOed -Allium sativum L._ elgg] of] jfnL Kofhsf] kl/jf/ cyf{t PlnP;L
-Alliaceae_Pd]/Lln8];L -Amaryllidaceae_ kl/jf/ cGtu{t kb{5 . o;sf]
pTklQ dWo Plzof If]qdf ePsf] xf] eg] o;sf] v]tL ;+;f/sf k|
foM ;a} b]zx?df x'g] u/]sf] 5 . laZjsf] s"n n;'g pTkfbgsf] *)
pTkfbg rLg PSn}n] ub{5 . laZjsf cGo k|d'v n;'g pTkfbs b]zx?
df ef/t, blIf0f sf]l/of, OlhK6, /l;of, cd]l/sf, :k]g, cGh]{l6gf,
DofgDof/ / o'qm]g cflb kb{5g . g]kfndf sfe|], l;Gw'kfNrf]s,
af/f, Onfd, dxf]Q/L, ;'g;/L, ;Kt/L, tgx+', slknj:t', tgx'+, b}n]v,
;'v]{t, ;Nofg, af+s], alb{of, s}nfnL / 8f]6L lhNnfx? n;'g
pTkfbg ug]{ k|d'v lhNnfx? x'g .

kf}li6s dxTj / pkof]lutf M

n;'g -ufgf] / kft_ sf] d'Vo k|of]u d;nfsf] ?kdf t/sf/L,df5f
df;' / bfn h:tf vfg]s'/fdf :jfb - Taste_ / ;'uGw -Flavour_ a9fpg g}
ul/G5 . o;} u/L r6gL, crf/, s}08L / s]rck cflb h:tf k|zf]lwt
kl/sf/x?df klg o;sf] k|of]u clgjfo{ h:t} x'G5 . o;sf] k|of]u k|
foM cGo d;nfx? h:tf] Kofh, v';f{gL, a];f/ / cb'jf ;+u ;+u]}
ld;fP/ ul/G5 . o; afx]s n;'gdf cf}ifwLo u'0fx? x'g] ePsf]n]
laleGg /f]ux? la?4 3/]n' Pj+ cfo'a]{lbs cf}ifwLsf] ?kdf klg
o;nfO{ -w'nf]],n]bf] Pj+ t]n_ k|of]u ul/G5 . AofS6]l/of
-;fsf0f'_ 9'l; Pj+ ls/fx?sf] /f]s yfd ug{df klg o;sf] k|of]u ul/G5
. n;'g d'Vo u/L SoflN;od, kmf:kmf]/; / kf]6fl;od h:tf vlgh
tTjx?sf nflu wgL dflgG5 eg] DofUg]l;od, ;f]l8od, kmnfd /
lh+s h:tf vlgh tTjx? klg o;df kfOG5g . sfaf]{xfO8]6 / k|
f]l6g pNn]Vo dfqfdf kfOg] n;'gdf le6fldg aL / ;L klg
1

kfOG5 . /];f a9L / lrNnf] kbfy{ guGo kfOg] x'+bf :jf:y -kfrg
k|lsof_ sf] nflu n;'g /fd|f] dflgG5 .
!)) u|fd vfg of]Uo tfhf n;'gsf] ufgf] / ;'s]sf] w'nf]df lgDg
cg';f/sf kf}li6s tTjx? x'G5g .

qm
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+

kf}li6s tTjx?sf] dfqf

tfhf n;'g
;'sfPsf]
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kf}li6s tTjx?

kfgL

lrgL

^)=)^@=*

@(=)##=!

!=)

sfaf]{xfO8]6

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pknAw gePsf]

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k|f]l6g
lrNnf] kbfy{
le6fdLgx?
le6fdLg aL ! -yfoldg_

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)=!)=%

!&=%
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)=@ ld=u|f=

)=^* ld=u|
f=

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pknAw gePsf]

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pknAw gePsf]

!=@ ld=u|f=

pknAw gePsf]

!#=)#!=@
ld=u|f=
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pknAw gePsf]
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kf]6fl;od

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pknAw gePsf]

kmnfd

!=& ld=u|f=

pknAw gePsf]

le6fdLg
aL
-l/af] n]leg_
le6fdLg
aL
-lgofl;g_
le6fdLg aL ^
le6fdLg ;L
vlgh tTjx?
SoflN;od
kmf:kmf]/;

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^=
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&

;f]l8od
DofUg]l;od
lh+s

!&=) ld=u|
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@%=) ld=u|
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!=@ ld=u|f=

pknAw gePsf]
pknAw gePsf]
pknAw gePsf]

gf]6M !)) u|fd n;'gn] !$( lsnf] Sofnf]/L zlQm lbG5 .

xfjfkfgL M
n;'g lr;f] xfjfkfgLdf km:6fpg] jfnL xf] / o;n] t';f/f] klg ;xg
;S5 . o;sf] a[l4 ljsf;sf] nflu dWod lr;f] Pj+ cf]l;nf] xfjfkfgL
cfjZos x'G5 eg] jfnL tof/ x'g] a]nfdf udL{ Pj+ ;'is df};d
pko'Qm x'G5 . ;fdfGotof jfg:klts a[l4 sf] ;dodf !)@) ) ;]=
ufgf]sf] a[l4sf] ;dodf !*@%) ;]= tfks|d x'g' /fd|f] dflgG5 .
olb jfg:klts a[l4 ljsf;sf] ;dodf g} tfkqmd a9]df n;'gdf ufgf]
rf+8} nfU5 t/ Tof] ;fgf] x'G5 . ;d'b| ;txaf6 #,))) ld6/ ;Ddsf]
pRr If]qdf nufpg ;lsg] n;'g jfnLsf] v]tL g]kfnsf] k"j{ b]lv
klZrd tyf t/fO{ b]vL pRr kxf8 ;Dd g} ug{ ;lsG5 .

df6f]M
n;'gnfO{ ;a} lsl;dsf] df6f]df v]tL ug{ ;lsG5, t/ k|z:t k|
fufl/s kbfy{ ePsf] dlnnf] bf]d6 tyf kfgLsf] /fd|f] lgsf; ePsf]
v's'nf] df6f]df of] /fd|f] ;+u x's{G5 . df6f]sf] clDnokg -lkPr
dfg_ ^ b]lv & ;Dd ePsf] df6f]df n;'gsf]] v]tL /fd|/L ug{ ;lsG5
eg] Iff/Lo df6f]df of] km:6fp+b}g .

hftx? M
g]kfndf v]tL ul/g] n;'gsf hftx? k|foM :yflgo g} 5g, h'g
ef}uf]lns If]q cg';f/ sf]xL ;fgf / sf]xL 7"nf ufgf Pj+ s];|fx?
ePsf x'G5g . 7"nf ufgf tyf s];|fx? ePsf] n;'gsf]
hftnfO{ g]kfndf ef]6] n;'g eg]/ lrlgG5 .

:yfgLo hftx? M
3

s0ff{nL c~rndf kfO{g] n;'gsf hftx? -h:tf]h'DnL :yfgLo_

k"jf{~rnsf kxf8L Pj+ t/fO{ If]qx?df kfO{g] n;'gsf hftx?

-h:tf]lkmbLd;'g;/L :yfgLo_

dWodf~rn / sf7df8f}+ pkTosf jl/k/L kfO{g] n;'gsf hftx?

-h:tf]bf]nvfeQmk'/dxf]Q/L :yfgLo_

klZrd Pj+ ;'b"/ klZrdsf kxf8L Pj+ t/fO{ If]qx?df kfO{g]

n;'gsf hftx?, h:tf] kNkfalb{of8f6L 88]Nw'/f :yfgLo
cflb .

pGgt hftx? M
g]kfndf n;'gsf pGgt hftx?sf] ljsf; x'g g;s]sf] ePtf klg
l5d]sL b]z ef/tdf s]xL pGgt hftx?sf] ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 . h:t} !_
od''gf ;]tf] @_ Plu|kmp06 ;]tf] #_ Plu|kmfp06 kfa{tL $_ hL
@*@ cfbL

nufpg] ;do M
laleGg ef}uf]lns If]qsf] xfjfkfgL cg';f/ n;'g nufpg] ;do
klg leGbf leGb} x'G5 . clxn] ;Ddsf] cg'ejdf lgDg cg';f/sf
If]qx?df tf]lsPsf] dlxgfx? leq n;'g nufpg' pko'Qm x'G5 .
t/fO{ tyf lelq dw]z M cflZjgsflt{sd+;L/
dWo kxf8 M
pRr kxf8 M

cflZjgsflt{s
r}q a}zfv

aLpsf] 5gf}6 / aLp b/ M

n;'gdf km"n km'n]/ aLp nfUb}g To;}n] oxf+ n;'gsf] aLp
eg]sf] n;'gsf ufgf Pj+ s];|fx? g} x'g . n;'gsf ufgf 5gf}6
ubf{ 7"nf, kf]l6nf, df]6f] 3f+6L gePsf, rf]6k6s gnfu]sf / /f]u
ls/faf6 d'Qm x'g' kb{5 . o;/L 5gf}6 ul/Psf ufgfx?af6 /f]Kg'
cl3 g} s];|fx?nfO{ PsPs u/L 5'6\ofpg' kb{5 . s];|fx? klg
7"nf, kf]l6nf
-vf]qmf] gePsf]_, :j:y Pj+ Psgf;sf x'g' kb{5 .
7"nf s];|fx? 5fGbf ufgf]sf] aflx/ k6\6Lsf s];|fx? 5fGg' kb{5,
4

leq k6\6Lsf nfdf, kftnf s];|fx? aLpsf nflu /fd|f x'+b}gg . aLp
b/ M @% b]lv #) s]=hL= k|lt /f]kgL jf %)) b]lv ^)) s]=hL=
k|lt x]S6/ .

hUufsf] t}of/L tyf dnvfb k|of]u M

n;'g df6f] d'gL pTkfbg x'g] jfnL ePsf] x'+bf o;sf] /fd|f]
ljsf;sf] nflu df6f]sf] cj:yf /fd|f] tyf v's'nf] x'g' kb{5 . o;sf]
nflu !)!% ;]=dL ulx/f] x'g] u/L hf]tL df]6f]nfO{ dl;gf] /
a'/a'/fp+bf] agfpg' kb{5 . hUuf t}of/L ubf{ g} ! /f]kgL jf !=
% sf hUufsf] nflu @)@% lSjG6n /fd|/L s'lxPsf] sDkf]i6 jf
uf]7] dn df6f]df ld;fpg' kb{5 . /;folgs dnsf] xsdf k|lt /f]kgL
# s]=hL= gfO{6f]hg , @ s]=hL= km:kmf]/; / @=% s]=hL
kf]6f; tTj l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] 5 . oL tTjx? la?jfnfO{ pknAw u/fpg
k|lt /f]kgL jf !=% sfdf o'l/of ^=^^ s]=hL=, 8L=P=lk= $=%
s]=hL= / Do'/]6 ckm kf]6f; $ s]=hL= k|of]u ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .
l;kmfl/; l8=P=lk= / kf]6f;sf] k'/f efu hldgsf] clGtd tof/Ldf k|
of]u ug'{ kb{5 .
o;/L ;a} ls;Ldsf dnvfbx? k|of]u u/]/ hUuf ;DofP kl5
laleGg s[lif sfo{ ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] ls;Ldn] To;nfO{ ;fgf] ;fgf]
Kn6Aof8x?df laeflht ug{' kb{5 . ;fdfGotof o:tf Kn6x?sf]
rf}8fO{ !!=% dL6/ /fVg' kb{5 eg] nDafO{ rf+lx cfgf]
hUufsf] cfsf/ cg';f/ %!) dL6/ ;Dd /fVg ;lsG5 . Kn6x?sf] lardf
@%#) ;]=dL= sf] 7fp+ lx+88'n, l;+rfO{ / cGo sfo{ ug{sf]
nflu /fVg' kb{5 .
lbg' kg]{ a+fsL o'l/ofnfO{ @ a/fa/ efu nufO{ n;'g
/f]k]sf] #%$) lbg / ^)&) lbg kl5 kft 8f+7df gkg]{ u/L 6k
8]l;sf] ?kdf k|of]u ug{' kb{5 . z'Id tTjo'Qm dnx? klg
n;'gsf] a[l4 ljsf; / pTkfbg a[l4sf] nflu ;xof]uL x'G5g . vf; u/L
af]/f]g, lh+s / DoflUgho'Qm z'IdtTj dnx? la?jfsf] a[l4 ljsf;
eO{ /x]sf] ;dodf cfjZoStf cg';f/ !%@) lbgsf] km/sdf #$ k6s
k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

nufpg]/f]Kg] t/Lsf M
5

dfyL pNn]v u/] cg';f/sf] t/Lsfn] t}of/ kfl/Psf Kn6x?df

7"nf s];|f x'g] hftx?nfO{ xf/ -nfOg_ b]lv xf/ !% ;]=dL= / aLp
b]lv aLp !) ;]=dL= tyf ;fgf s];|f x'g] hftx?nfO{ xf/sf] b"/L !%
;]=dL= g} / aLpsf] b"/L rf+xL &* ;]=dL= x'g] u/L /f]Kg'
kb{5 . /f]Kbf s];|fx?sf] ltvf] 6'Kkf] dfly lt/ kg]{ u/L cfsf/
cg';f/ 7"nf s];|fx?nfO{ cln a9L, ^& ;]=dL= ulx/f / ;fgf s];|fx?
nfO{ cln sd, $% ;]=dL= ulx/f s'n];fx?df /f]Kg' kb{5
3/fo;L k|of]hgsf nflu yf]/} n;'g nufpg] eP laleGg lsl;dsf
e+f8fx? -udnf, 8d / afs; cflb_ df dn / df6f] e/]/ klg n;'g v]tL
ug{ ;lsG5 . o:tf] n;'g vf; u/L xl/of] n;'gsf] ?kdf k|of]u ul/g]
x+bf nufpg] b"/L dfyL pNn]v ul/Psf] eGbf cem} 36fpg
;lsG5 .

l;+rfO{ tyf uf]8d]n M

n;'gsf] h/f sd ulx/fO{ ;Dd km}ng] ePsf]n] o;nfO{ k6s
k6s l;+rfO{ lbg' kg]{ x'G5 . ;fdfGotof klxnf] l;+rfO{ -sl/a
@=% ;]=dL= ulx/fO{ ;Dd lemHg] u/L_ aLp /f]Kbf lalQs} ug'{
kb{5 . o;} u/L la?jfsf] a[l4 ljsf;sf] a]nfdf df6f]df lr:ofgsf]
sdL x'g' x+'b}g . :yfg laz]ifsf] xfjfkfgL / df6f] cg';f/ n;'g
jfnLdf la?jfx? ;fgf] 5+bf &* lbg / 7'nf] eO{ ;s] kl5 !@!%
lbgsf] km/sdf l;+rfO{ ug'{ kb{5 . jfnL kl/kSj x'g yfn] kl5,
jfnL leofpg' @# xKtf cl3 g} l;+rfO{ lbg aGb ug{' kb{5 .
n;'gsf s];|fx? glhs glhs /f]k]/ n;'gsf] v]tL ul/g] x'+bf
o;sf] uf]8d]n sfo{ h6Ln tyf j9L >d / vr{ nfUg] x'G5 . t}kgL
n;'g jfnLnfO{ emf/kft af6 hf]ufpg h?/L ePsf]n] /f]k] kl5 !!
dlxgfsf] km/sdf slDtdf @ k6s xNsf -sd ulx/f]_ uf]8d]n
ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 . ufgf] aGg] a]nfdf df6f]nfO{ /fd|/L vf];|]/
xn'sf agfO{ lbP ufgf j9\gdf d2t k'Ub5 . o; kl5 eg] cfjZos
gb]lvP ;Dd jfnLdf w]/} xnrn gug'{ g} a]z x'G5 .
Aoj;flos ?kdf n;'g v]tL ug]{ of]hgf eP tyf HofdL nufP/
uf]8d]n ug{ ;Dej gb]lvP jf a9L vlr{nf] x'g] l:ylt eP aLp n;'g
-s];|fx?_ /f]k]sf] ! xKtf leq k]G8Ld]ylng @=% ln6/ ^@%
nL6/ kfgLdf 3f]nL k|lt x]S6/ -@) /f]kgL#) sf_ hUufsf b/n]
6

5g'{ kb{5 . /f]k]sf] $% lbg kl5 eg] Ps k6s HofdLx?4f/f

xft}n] uf]8d]n u/fpg' pko'Qm x'G5 .

jfnL k|0ffnL Pj+ jfnL rqm M

;fdfGotof n;'gnfO{ PSnf] jfnLsf] ?kdf, v]tdf jif]{ wfg
jfnL kl5 / af/Lkfvf] hUufdf jif]{ ds} kl5 nufOG5 . slx+ slx+
eg] tf]/L, wlgof cflb jfnL ;+u ldl>t jfnLsf] ?kdf klg n;'gsf]
v]tL u/]sf] kfOG5 . :j:y Pj+ /fd|f] pTkfbgsf] nflu
n;'gnfO{ cGo jfnLx? -Kofh afx]s_ ;+u @# jif]{ jfnL rqmdf
ldnfP/ nufpg' pko'Qm x'G5 .

/f]usL/f Aoj:yfkg M
/f]u Aoj:yfkg M
a}hgL wAaf /f]u

( Purple leaf bloch)M

of] /f]u cN6/g]l/of kf]/L -Alternaria porri_

eGg] 9';Ln]
ubf{ nfUb5 . 9';L, /f]uL df6f] Pj+ aLp af6 la?jfdf ;b{5 . of]
/f]u nfu]sf] af]6sf] kftsf] lardf a}hgL /+u ePsf ;fgf ;fgf
yf]Knfx? b]lvG5g, h'g cg's"n jftfj/0f -a9L afbn nfu]sf] / lzt
k/]sf] cj:yf_ df km}lnP/ k'/} kft 9fSb5g . ;fy} of] /f]u nfu]sf]
ufgfx? e08f/0f ubf{ a9L s'lxG5g .
/f]usf] Joj:yfkgM
:j:y aLp n;'g k|of]u ug]{] .
plrt jfnL rs| ckgfpg] .
kfgL lgsf;sf] cfaZos Aoj:yf ldnfpg] .
v]taf/Lsf] ;/ ;kmfOdf laz]if Wofg lbg]] .
/f]usf] nIf0f b]vf k/]df !)!% lbgsf] km/sdf )=@% -@=% u|
fd ! ln6/ kfgL_ sf b/n] O08f]lkmn jf AnfO6S; gfdsf]
/f]ugfzs /;fog cfaZostf cg';f/ 5g]{ .

efO/; /f]u

( Mosaic virus)M

of] /f]u nfUbf gof+ lg:sg] kftx?df kx]+nf v}/f w;f{x?

b]lvG5g, h'g kl5 a6fl/G5g . o:n] ubf{ pTkfbgdf c;/ kb{5 . of]
efO{/; /f]u nfxL sL/f (Aphid) n] ;fg]{ ePsf]n] /f]u Joa:yfkgsf]
nflu nfxL sL/fsf] lgoGq0f ug'{ kb{5 .
/f]usf] Joj:yfkgM
:j:y aLp k|of]u ug]{] .
plrt jfnL rs| ckgfpg] .
v]taf/Lsf] ;/ ;kmfOdf laz]if Wofg lbg]] .
nfxL sL/f lgoGq0fsf] nfuL O{ld8f Snf]/f]lk8 - )=&%
Pd=Pn=! ln6/ kfgL_ sf b/n] !)!% lbgsf] km/sdf 5g]{ .

sL/f Aoj:yfkg M
ly|K; M
of] ;fgf] sL/f, kftsf] cf+Vnfdf n's]/ a;]sf] x'G5 . kft tyf
slnnf 8f+7x?nfO{ r';]/ ;]tf bfux? agfp+5 h:n] ubf{ la?jfn] k|
ofKt vfgf agfpg g;sL pTkfbgdf sdL cfp+5 . o; sL/fsf]
Aoj:yfkgsf] nfuL v]taf/Lsf] ;/ ;kmfO{df plrt Wofg lbg'sf
;fy} sL/fsf] k|sf]k Hofbf ePdf O{ld8f Snf]/f]lk8 !)!% lbgsf]
km/sdf - )=&% Pd=Pn=! ln6/ kfgL_ sf b/n] 5g'{ kb{5 .
ls/f ;fgf] 5+bf uf}+t / kfgL, ! / % efu ldnfO{ 5s]{/ klg ls/fsf]
k|sf]k sd ug{ ;lsG5 .

jfnL leofpg] tyf pTkfbg M

hj n;'gsf w]/} h;f] -cfwL eGbf al9_ kftx? l5lKkP/ kx]+nf]
jf v}/f] x'+b} ;'Sg yfN5g ta n;'g vGg t}of/ eof] eg]/ a'em\g'
kb{5 . o;} u/L ufgf k'i6 Pj+ ;fx|f] x'g' / ufgf aflx/sf vf]i6fx?
sfuh h:tf] ;'Vvf x'g' klg n;'g jfnL t}of/ ePsf] nIf0fx? x'g .
;fdfGotof n;'gsf] hft, v]tL ul/g] If]q / Tofxf+sf] df};d cg';f/
n;'gsf] ufgf t}of/ x'g t/fO / uld{ If]qdf !%)!*) lbg / dWo
kxfl8 e]udf @!) b]lv @$) lbg ;do nfUg ;Sb5 .

;do eGbf l56f] leofp+bf ufgf w]/} ;'Sg], rfpl/g] /

e08f/0f Ifdtf sd x'g] x'G5 eg] l9nf] leofp+bf s];|fx?
kmf6\g] Pj+ k'gM knfpg yfNg] eO{ u'0f:t/df x|f; cfp+5 .
ufgf lemSgsf] nflu s'6f], sf]bfnf], km?jf jf :yfgLo xnf]sf]
k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . h'g;'s} cf}hf/ k|of]u ul/P klg ufgfx?df
rf]6k6s gnfuf]; elg ljz]if Wofg k'ofpg' kb{5 . ;fy} jfnL
leofp+bf 8f+7 ;lxt ufgf pv]Ng' kb{5 .
pTkfbg Ifdtf rf+lx nufOPsf] hft, ckgfOPsf] v]tL k|lalw
tyf :yfgLo xfjfkfgL / df6f]df e/ kb{5 . 5f]6f] lbgdf eGbf nfdf]
lbgdf x's{g] n;'gsf] pTkfbg Ifdtf a9L x'G5, t/ 8's' knfPdf
To;nfO{ ;dod} x6fpg' kb{5 . ;fdfGotof ! /f]kgL jf !=% sfdf
% b]lv !) lSjG6n / x]S6/df !* b]lv @) 6g n;'gsf ufgf pTkfbg
ug{ ;lsG5 .

e08f/0f M
n;'g pv]nL ;s]kl5 % b]lv & lbg ;Dd ;'sfpg' k5{ To; kl5
@ ;]=dL 3f6L /xg] ul/ ufgf] sfl6 csf]{ ! xKtf ;Dd /fd|l/
ufgf] ;'sfO{ ;fdfGotof xfjfbf/, pHofnf] Pj+ 5f+ofbf/ -3fd
gnfUg]_ sf]7fdf d'7fd'7f -@%$) j6f ufgfsf]_ kf/L em'08fP/
e08f/ ug{ ;lsG5 . csf]{ tl/sf cg';f/ xfjf cf]xf]/ bf]x/ ug{ ;Sg] /
ofs Pj+ 6f]s/Lx?df @# txdf n;'gsf ufgfnfO{ /fVg ;lsG5 .
o;/L, lo tl/sfx? af6 n;'gnfO{ %^ dlxgf ;xh} ;'/lIft /fVg ;lsG5 .