CE-632

Foundation Analysis and

Design

Lateral Earth Pressure

1

Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Lateral Earth Pressure

Lateral earth pressures are a function of type and amount of

wall movement
movement, shear strength properties
properties, weight of soil and
drainage

Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Lateral Earth Pressure

Lateral Earth pressure is a function of wall movement (or

relative lateral movement in the backfill soil)

Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Lateral Earth Pressure at Rest

(No Lateral Movement)

K o = h v
The vertical al stress at any depth, z, is: v = q + z
Coefficient of earth p
pressure at rest,,

h = K o v + u

u = pore water pressure

Elastic Solution:

Poissons
Ko =
1 ratio

Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Coefficient of Earth Pressure at Rest

For coarse
coarse-grained
grained soils (Jaky
(Jaky, 1944)
K0 = 1 sin

For fine
fine-grained
grained, normally consolidated soils (Massarch
(Massarch, 1979)

PI (%)
K o = 0.44 + 0.42

100

Brooker and Ireland, 1965

K0 = 0.95 sin
For overconsolidates clays

K o (OC ) = K o ( NCC ) OCR

Mayne and Kulway, 1982

K0 = (1 sin ).OCR
).OCRsin

OCR =

Pc
'o

Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Rankines Theory:
y Active Earth Pressure

Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Rankines Theory:
y Active Earth Pressure
1 sin ( )

2
Ka =
= tan 45
1 + sin ( )
2

Depth
D
th off
Tension Crack

2c
zc =
Ka

Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Rankines Theory:
y Passive Earth Pressure

Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Rankines Theory:
y Passive Earth Pressure

1 + sin ( )

2
Kp =
= tan 45 +
1 sin ( )
2

Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Rankines Theory:
y Special
p
Cases
h = K a v + u

Submergence:

v = v u

u = Pore Pressure

Inclined Backfill:

Ka =

cos ( ) cos 2 ( ) cos 2 ( )

cos ( ) + cos 2 ( ) cos 2 ( )

1
Kp =
Ka

Thrust

Inclined but Smooth Back face of wall:

w
PA
PA1

PA = W + PA1

PA

PA1

H1

PA1 is
calculated for
H1 height

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Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Rankines Theory: Special Cases

Inclined Backfill with c

c-
soil:
Thrust

c
2

2
cos

2
cos

sin

1
Ka =

1
2
2

cos
c
c 2

2
2
2
2

+
+
4
cos

cos

cos

4
cos

8
cos

cos

sin

c
2
2 cos + 2 cos sin

1
Kp =

1
2
cos 2
c
c 2

2
2
2
2

+
+
4
cos
cos
cos
4
cos
8
cos
cos
sin

z
z

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Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Coulombs Theory: Active Earth Pressure

Wall Friction:

Coulombs
theory
underestimates
Active EP

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Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Coulombs Theory: Passive Earth Pressure

Wall Friction:

Coulombs
theory
overestimates
Passive EP

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Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Coulombs Theory:
y Solutions

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Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Culmanns Graphical
p
Method: Active EP
= Wall friction

C1

C3

C2

C4

B
E

E2

E4

E3

E1

D4

D3
D1
A

D2

'
=90--

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Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Culmanns Graphical
p
Method: Passive EP
E1

= Wall ffriction

C1

C2
E2

C3

E E
3

C4

E4

'

A
Earth
Pressure
ne
Lin

D1

=90 +
=90-

D2
D

D3

D4

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Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Seismic Earth Pressure:by Mononobe

Mononobe--Okabe Method
Active Earth Pressure

: angle of internal friction of soil

Wall movement

batter
:
b tt angle
l off wallll

: angle of friction between the

wall and the backfill
Failure surface

kv W

kh W
H

PAE

: slope of the backfill top

surface

= tan 1
AE

kh
( 1 kv )

and

( )

cos 2 ( )

K AE =

sin ( + ) sin ( )
cos cos cos ( + + ) 1 +

+
+

cos ( ) cos ( )

1
= H 2 ( 1 kv ) K AE
Assumed to be acting at H/2.
2

PAE

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Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Seismic Earth Pressure:by Mononobe

Mononobe--Okabe Method
Passive Earth Pressure
Wall movement

kv W
H

PPE

Failure surface

kh W

PE

= tan 1

kh
( 1 kv )

and

( + )

cos 2 ( + )

K PE =

sin ( + ) sin ( + )
cos cos cos ( + ) 1

cos ( ) cos ( )

1
PPE = H 2 ( 1 kv ) K PE
2

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