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Atoms,
Molecules
and
Stoichiometry

Contents

1. MPM Specimen Paper

2. STPM 2013 Semester 1

3. STPM 2014 Semester 1

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4. Malaysia Matriculation Paper 2013

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Objective questions
Q1 ( MPM Specimen Paper )

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Answer : D

Explanation

Particle

Number of protons

Number of
electrons

Number of
neutrons

10

10

10

35

34

44

2-

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Question 2 ( MPM Specimen Paper )

Answer : D

Explanation

RAM =

) (

= 14.00

RMM of X2 is 28 .

Isotopes of X have same number of protons but different in number of

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neutrons .

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Question 3 ( STPM 2013 Sem 1 )

Tetraethyllead(IV) , (CH3CH2)4Pb , is added to petroleum as an antiknock agent .
(CH3CH2)4Pb is prepared from ethane , CH3CH3 , according to the following
reactions :
CH3CH3 + Cl2 CH3CH2Cl + HCl

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4CH3CH2Cl + 4NaPb (CH3CH2)4Pb + 3Pb + 4NaCl

Which statement about the reactions is not true ?

A. One mole of Cl2 produces one mole of CH3CH2Cl .

B. Four moles of Cl2 produce one mole of (CH3CH2)4Pb .

C. One mole of HCl is formed for each mole of (CH3CH2)4Pb produced .

D. Four moles of CH3CH3 is required for each mole of (CH3CH2)4Pb produced .

Answer : C

Explanation

Overall equation :

4CH3CH3 + 4Cl2 + 4NaPb (CH3CH2)4Pb + 3Pb + 4NaCl + 4HCl

1 mole of Cl2 1 mole of CH3CH2Cl

4 mole of Cl2 1 mole of (CH3CH2)4Pb

1 mole of (CH3CH2)4Pb 4 mole of HCl

4 mole of CH3CH3 1 mole of (CH3CH2)4Pb

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Question 4 ( STPM 2014 Sem 1 )

The proton number of ion Y is 16 , its nucleon number is 33 and it has the same
number of electrons and neutrons . What is the charge of ion Y ?
A. -2
B. -1

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C. +1
D. +2

Answer : B

Explanation
Nucleon
number

Number of
protons

Number of
electrons

Number of
neutrons

33

16

17

17

Since Y has one electron more than proton , thus it carries a charge of -1 .

ST

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Question 5 ( STPM 2014 Sem 1 )

An element X with a relative atomic mass of 28.1 consists of isotopes
30

X . If the percentage abundance of

29

X and

30

28

X , 29X and

X are the same , what is the

percentage abundance for 28X ?

A. 0.32

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B. 3.33
C. 93.3
D. 96.7

Answer : C

Explanation

Let the percentage abundance of 29X and 30X be a .

Let the percentage abundance of 28X be ( 100 a a ) .

RAM = 28.1

( )

( )

= 28.1

a = 3.33 %

Percentage abundance of 29X and 30X = 3.33 %

Percentage abundance of 28X = (100 3.33 3.33 )%

= 93.34 %

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= 93.3 %

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Structured & Essays Question

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Question 1 ( MPM Specimen Paper )

(a) (i) Name the subatomic particle Y . [1m]

Answer : neutron

(ii) Draw the paths of the beams of electrons & hydrogen ions in the above
diagram . [2m]

Answering skill : Beam of electrons deflect more than that of H+ ions .

Answer :

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(iii) If a beam of deuterium ions is passed through the electric field , explain the
difference in deflection angle between the beam of hydrogen ions and that of
deuterium ions .[2m]
Answer :
The deflection angle for deuterium ions is smaller than that of hydrogen ions .

This is because deuterium ion has a larger m/e value than hydrogen ions .

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* Alternative answer :

The deflection angle for deuterium ion is half of that for hydrogen ion .

This is because the deuterium ion is twice as heavy as hydrogen ions .

* Extra notes

The heavier the ions ( larger m/e value ) , the smaller the deflection angle for
that ion .

Isotopes for hydrogen

Isotopes

Nucleon
number

Number of
protons

Number of
electrons

Number of
neutrons

( protium )

( deuterium )

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( tritium )

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(b) P+ and Q- ions are isoelectronic with the

(i) State the nucleon number of the

isotope .

isotope .

Answer : 40

(ii) Identify P+ & Q- ions .

Answer :
~ P+ ion : K+ ion / potassium ions
~ Q- ion : Cl- ion / chloride ions

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*Extra Note

Isoelectronic species : species with same number of electrons

For P+ ions :

Number of
Number of
protons
electrons
19
18
For Q ions :
Number of
electrons
18

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Number of
protons
17

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Question 2 ( STPM 2013 Sem 1 )

Chlorine gas exists as diatomic molecules , Cl2 . In an experiment , 326.6 g of
chlorine was used to react with excess iron to produce iron (III) chloride , FeCl3 .
(a) Write a balanced equation for this reaction . [1m]

Answer : 2 Fe (s) + 3 Cl2 (g) 2 FeCl3 (s)

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(b) Calculate the theoretical yield of FeCl3 . [2m]

Answer :

Number of moles of Cl2 =

mol

= 4.60 moles

Number of moles of FeCl3 produced =

4.60 mol

= 3.067 mol

Mass of FeCl3 produced = 3.067 [ 55.8 + 3( 35.5) ]

= 497.8 g ( 4 s.f )

*Extra !!! ( What if we dont know how to calculate the number of moles of FeCl3

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produced ?? )

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(c) If the percentage of the actual yield of FeCl3 obtained in the laboratory is 82.0% ,
calculate the mass of FeCl3 produced . [2m]
Answer :

Mass of FeCl3 produced = 497.8 82.0%

= 408.2 g

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(d) Explain why there is a difference between the calculated theoretical value yield
of FeCl3 with that of the actual yield obtained in the laboratory . [2m]
Answer :

Some of the chlorine gas escapes from the reacting vessel .

Some of FeCl3 will be decomposed and forms FeCl2 .

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2 FeCl3 (s)

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2 FeCl2 (s) + Cl2 (g)

Question 3 ( Matriculation 2013 )

Silicon exists as three stable atoms with nucleon number of 28 , 29 and 30 . The
proton number of silicon is 14 .
(a) Write the symbol for any one of 3 silicon atoms . Indicating its proton and
nucleon number in the symbol . [1m]

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Answer :

(b) If the amount of a sample of silicon with nucleon number of 28 , 29 and 30 are
92.2% , 4.68% and 3.12% , calculate the relative atomic mass of silicon . [2m]
Answer :

RAM =

) (

) (

= 28.1

(c)Sketch and label the mass spectrum of silicon . [2m]

Answer :

Answer :

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Question 4 ( Matriculation 2013 )

When 80.0g of ethene gas , C2H4 reacts with 110.0 g of hydrochloric acid , HCl ,
chloroethane , C2H5Cl is produced .
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction . [1m]

Answer : C2H4 (g) + HCl (aq) C2H5Cl (g)

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(b) Determine the limiting reactant in the reaction . [3m]

Answer :

Number of moles of ethene =

mol

= 2.86 mol

Number of moles of HCl =

mol

= 3.01 mol

Since the number of moles for ethene is less than that for hydrochloric acid ,
thus the limiting reactant is ethene gas .

(c) Calculate the mass of C2H5Cl produced . [3m]

Answer :

Number of moles of C2H5Cl = number of moles of ethene gas

= 2.86 mol

Mass of C2H5Cl produced = 2.86 [ 2(12.0) + 5(1.0) + 35.5 ]

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= 184 g ( 3s.f )

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(d) Calculate the mass of excess reactant remained at the end of the reaction . [3m]
Answer :

Number of HCl used = number of moles of ethene gas

= 2.86 mole

Number of moles of HCl remained = 3.01 - 2.86

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= 0.15 mol

Mass of excess HCl remained = 0.15 ( 35.5 + 1.0 )

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= 5.48 g ( 3sf )d

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