LAB# 1

TITLE: Heat of Hydration of Copper (II) Sulphate

DATE: 7th June 2021

AIM

To determine the heat of Hydration of Copper (II) Sulphate by the approximate method.

MATERIALS/APPARATUS

1. 100 ml measuring cylinder

2. Styrofoam Cups
3. Dry glass
4. Thermometer

CHEMICALS

1. Copper II Sulphate (anhydrous)

2. Copper II Sulphate (hydrated)
3. Distilled water

PROCEDURES

(I) Determination of heat of solution of anhydrous copper (II) Sulphate

1. Two Styrofoam cups were obtained and placed in one into the other.

2. A measuring cylinder was used to measure 100cm3 of distilled water and was transferred in a
Styrofoam cup and the initial temperature of the water was recorded.

3. A dry watch-glass was weighed, and 8.0g anhydrous copper (II) Sulphate was added.

4. The anhydrous copper (II) Sulphate was added to a beaker and was stir to dissolve as quickly
as possible.

5. The highest temperature of the solution was recorded and the results were set out in table
form.

(II) Determination of heat of solution of copper (II) pentahydrate

 6. As in part (I) was proceed, but using 12.5g of copper (II) Sulphate pentahydrate instead
of the anhydrous salt.
7. The highest temperature was recorded in the following table form.

RESULTS:

Weight of watch glass (I)Anhydrous (II) hydrated

Weight of watch-glass plus 58.498 g 62.998 g

copper Sulphate/g
Weight of copper Sulphate 8.0 g 12.5 g
added/g
Initial temperature of water/ 31.2 ℃ 31.2 ℃
C
Highest/lowest temperature Highest: 35.2 ℃ Lowest: 30.2 ℃
of solution/C
Change of temperature/C 04 ℃ 01 ℃

TABLE 1: TABLE SHOWING THE WEIGHT AND TEMPERATURE OF THE

SOLUTIONS IN THIS LAB EXPERIMENT

CALCULATIONS:

(anhydrous) CuSO4 + 5H2O → CuSO4 * 5H2O (hydrate)

36.115 J 9.405k J

CuSO4

Q = mcΔT Q = mcΔT

Q = -77.6 * 31.2 * 4 = - 9,684.48 J Q = -26 .7* 31.2 * 1 = -811.2 J

DISCUSSION

Enthalpy is the sum of the internal energy and the product of the pressure and the volume of a
thermodynamic system. In other words a chemical reaction or physical change is endothermic so
if heat is absorbed by the system from the surroundings. So basically an endothermic process is
when the system gains heat from its surroundings and so the temperature of the surroundings
decreases. An exothermic reactions are reactions or processes that releases energy from the
system to its surroundings usually in the form of heat and sometimes in the form of light.

Hess’s law of constant heat summation states the regardless of the multiple stages or steps of a
reaction, the total enthalpy change for the reaction is the sum of all changes. The law is
manifestation that enthalpy is a state function. The heat of hydration of anhydrous copper (II)
Sulphate is measured. This provides a measure of the strength of the bond between water
molecules and a Cu2+ ion.

LIMITATION

The Copper (II) Sulphate anhydrous is a white powder that absorbs moisture from the air which
caused the powder to turn into a light blue powder, and the moisture from the air cannot be
controlled.

ASSUMPTION

Only the anhydrous Copper (II) Sulphate and water reacted against each other and not with the
Pentahydrate.

It was also assumed the heat didn’t escape from the solution in the two foam cups but the system
was an open system so heat most definitely was released.

SOURCES OF ERROR

The 100ml of water in the measuring cylinder was probably not even measure at eyelevel to
know for sure if it was a correct measurement.

CONCLUSION

The heat of hydration of Copper (II) Sulphate was determined by the approximate method
throughout this lab experiment.
 Determination of the Heat of Hydration of
 Copper (II) Sulphate 
(A/I)
Determine the change in temp of water due to dissolution processes (1)
Calculating Molar Heat of Solution of Anhydrous (CuSO4) - ΔH1
- Calculation correct with units and appropriate s.f. (2)
- Calculation correct without units and appropriate s.f. (1)
- Calculation incorrect (0)
Calculating Molar Heat of Solution of (CuSO .5H O) - ΔH
4 2 2

- Calculation correct with units and appropriate s.f. (2)

- Calculation correct without units and appropriate s.f. (1)
- Calculation incorrect (0)
Calculating the Heat of Hydration of CuSO4 - ΔH3
- Calculation correct with units and appropriate s.f. (2)
- Calculation correct without units and appropriate s.f. (1)
- Calculation incorrect (0)
Error Analysis
-Compare calculated value to theorethical (1)
- No comparison (0)
Assumptions Made
- at least 2 stated in proper language (2)
- one stated (1)
- none stated (0)
Brief Summary of Background Information
- Summarize using proper grammar & tense (2)
- Improper grammar (1)
- no summary given (0)       /  (12)