xo R

f
x xo
lim f (x) =
x xo

x xo f
: ( , xo) ( xo , )
( , xo)
( xo , )
;
( ) .

f 1
x xo ( x < xo)
lim f (x) = 1 f xo
x xo

f 2
x xo ( x > xo)
lim+ f (x) = 2 f xo
x xo

x xo- x < xo
x x o + x > xo

f ( , xo) ( xo , )

lim f (x) = lim f (x) = lim+ f (x) =
x xo

x xo

x xo

f ( , xo)
( xo , )
lim f (x) = lim f (x)
x xo

x xo

f ( xo , )
( , xo)
lim f (x) = lim+ f (x)
x xo

x xo

75

 xo R

R f g xo
1. lim (f (x) + g(x)) = lim f (x) + lim g(x)
x xo

x xo

x xo

2. lim f (x) = lim f (x) R

x xo

x xo

3. lim (f (x) g(x)) = lim f (x) lim g(x)

x xo

x xo

x xo

f (x)
f (x) xlim
xo
lim g(x) 0
=
x x o g(x)
x xo
lim g(x)

4. lim

x xo

5. lim f (x) = lim f (x)

x xo

x xo

6. lim f (x) = lim f (x) f(x) 0 x o

x xo

x xo

7. lim f (x) = ( lim f (x)) R *

x xo

x xo

8. lim x = x o , lim x = x o
x xo

x xo

9. lim c = c
x xo

10. lim P(x) = P(x o ) P(x)

x xo

P(x) P(x o )
=
Q(x o ) 0
x x o Q(x)
Q(x o )
lim x = x o , lim x = x o

11. lim

x xo

x xo

12.
lim x = x o

x xo

x o +

, R
2

lim f (x) > 0 f(x) > 0 xo
x xo

lim f (x) < 0 f(x) < 0 xo

x xo

f(x) g(x) xo lim f (x) lim g(x)

x xo

x xo

lim f (x) lim g(x) f(x) g(x) xo

x xo

x xo

lim f (x)
x xo

f(x) > 0 xo lim f (x) 0

x xo

f(x) < 0 xo lim f (x) 0

x xo

76

 xo R

-
f lim f (x) = xo
x xo

.
lim f (x) = lim (f (x) ) = 0 lim f (x) = 0
x xo

x xo

x xo

lim+ f (x) = lim f ( x) =

x 0

x 0

x=xo +h
xxo
h0

limf(x) = limf(xo + h)
xxo

h0

x=xo h
xxo
h1

limf(x) = limf(xo h)
xxo

xo 0

h1

lim f (x) = 0 f xo lim f (x) = 0

x xo

x xo

lim f (x) = 0 f xo lim f (x) = 0

2

x xo

x xo

lim f (x) = 0 lim f (x) = 0

x xo

x xo

, f
g , f g
x
x
. f (x) =
g(x) =
x
x
lim(f (x) + g(x)) = 0 , lim(f (x) g(x)) = lim(1) = 1
x 0

x 0

x 0

f (x)
= lim(1) = 1
x 0 g(x)
x 0

lim

1
f(x) =
1

x<0
x 0

1
g(x) =
1

f g

x<0
x 0

xo = 0 .

lim f 2 (x) = lim f (x) lim f (x) =
x xo

x xo

lim f (x) =
x xo

x xo

lim f (x) lim f (x) =

x xo

x xo

x
lim f 2 (x) = lim1 = 1 lim f (x) = 1 f
x 0
x 0
x 0
x
xo
lim f (x)
.. f (x) =

x xo

( .. ) f
xo. .
77

 xo R

49
lim f (x) = 2 4 lim+ f (x) = + 6

f : ( , ) R . xo ( , )

x xo

x xo

R lim f (x) .
x xo

lim f (x)
x xo

f xo f xo
.
= 1
lim f (x) = lim+ f (x) 2 4 = + 6 2 5 6 = 0
x xo
x xo
= 6
= - 1 lim f (x) = 5
x xo

= 6 lim f (x) = 12
x xo

.
x xo .

50
50
((x) 1)2004 + e x +3
lim
5
x 2
2x + 5

((x) 1)2004 + e x +3
((2) 1) 2004 + e 2+ 3 (1) 2004 + e
=
=
=1+e
5
5
x 2
5 2( 2) + 5
2x + 5
1
lim

51
51
lim f (x) = 2 lim g(x) g(x) = [(f(x)- 3)2005(f(x)]
x 2

x 2

lim g(x) = lim[(f (x) 3) 2005 (f (x)] = (lim f (x) 3)2005 ( lim f (x)) =
x 2

x 2

x 2

x 2

= (2 3)2005 ( lim f (x)) = (2 3)2005 (2) = (-1)2005 1 = - 1

x 2

78

 xo R

xo
( , xo ) ( xo , )
) xo ( )
) x x o
) .

.
52
52
83 x 2 x + 1
f (x) =
2 x + 3
, lim f (x) = 1

x < -1
x -1

x 1

lim f (x) = lim+ f (x) = 1

x 1

(1)

x 1
3 2

lim f (x) = lim (8 x x + 1) = 8 3 (-1)2 (-1) +1 = 8 3 + + 1

x 1

x 1

lim f (x) = lim+ (2 x + 3) = 2 (-1) + 3 = -2 +3

x 1+

x 1

(1)
83 + + 1 = 1
83 + = 0
3
8 3 + + 1 = -2 +3 = 1

8 + 1 = 0
2 + 3 = 1
=1

1
1
, =1
3 = =8
2

=
xo f .
3x + 5 x 1
.. f(x) =
lim f (x)
x 1
x=1
5
lim f (x) = lim(3x + 5) = 3 1 + 5 = 8
x 1

x 1

79