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Steel Work Design 1 DR Mustafa Batikha Lectures 2010 2011 PDF
Steel Work Design 1 DR Mustafa Batikha Lectures 2010 2011 PDF
BS 5950- 1:2000
Dr Mustafa Batikha
The University of Damascus-Syria
References
BS 5950-1(2000). Structural use of steel work in building, Part 1,
Code of practice for design rolled and welded section, BSI,
London.
Way, A. G. J. , Salter, P. R. (2003). Introduction to steelwork
design to BS 5950-1:2000, the steel construction institute, SCI, UK.
Case, J., Chilver, L., Ross, C.T.F. (1999). Strength of materials and
structures, John Willy & Sons Inc., fourth edition, London.
McKenzie, W.M.C. (2006). Examples in structural analysis, Taylor
Dr Mustafa Batikha
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Dr Mustafa Batikha
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(Axial stresses)
(Bending stresses)
top
bottom
I
M
M
ytop
: Zt
ytop
Zt
I
M
M
I
ybottom
: Zb
I
Zb
ybottom
Dr Mustafa Batikha
I
ymax
M
y
I
Damascus University
Fc=FT
Ac.p
py=A
ATpy Ac=A
AT
Mp=pyS
1
A( y c yT )
2
S: Plastic Modulus
Shape Factor f
S
Z
Mp
My
Wp (L Lp )
4
Wp L
4
Wp
Wp
4M y
( L Lp )
L p L(1
Examples
For rectangular section
1
f 1.5 L p L
3
f 1.13 L p 0.12 L
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4M p
L
4M p
L
L p L(1
My
Mp
S
1
): f
f
Z
(Shear stresses)
V s
I b
MT
r
J
Final stresses
Normal stress
Shear stress
tan 2
2 xy
xx yy
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My
N Mx
y
x
A Ix
Iy
Principal stresses
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Crack is expected when the principal stresses have reached a critical strength
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Buckling of Frames
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Dr Mustafa Batikha
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M P. y
y"
M
P
P
y" y 0 y" K2 y 0: K2
EI
EI
EI
P
Using the Boundary Conditions
y A cos kx B sin kx
x 0 y 0 A 0 y B sin kx
x L y 0 B sin kL 0
kL 0 k 0 Always y 0 kL n k 2 L2 n 2 2
n 2 2
P
n 2 2 EI
PE
2
EI
L
L2
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2 EI
L2
4.7.3-a
M u 90% M r : M r p y S r
No directional restraint
Nr=3
k r (0.2 1 / N r ) 0.5
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n 2 2 EI
L2
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10
M
P
P
y" y 0 y" K2 y 0: K2
EI
EI
EI
y A cos kx B sin kx
x 0 y 0 A 0 y B sin kx
dy
xl
0 BK cos kL 0
dx
B 0, k 0 cos kL 0 kL n
k 2 L2 n 2
2
4
n 2 2 EI
n 2 2
P
Pcr
2
4L
(2 L) 2
EI
Note: The critical buckling load of a cantilever length L is as the critical load
of simply-supported ends of 2L
LE=Ke.L
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Pcr
n 2 2 EI
2
LE
11
n 2 2 EI
2 EI
2 EI 2 Er 2 2 E
n
P
2
cr
cr
2
2
L2E A
L2E
LE
LE
ry rx I y I x
cr
2E
L
: Slenderness E
2
Buckling about y-axis is more critical than buckling about x-axis for the
same length because the smallest radii of gyration is about y
Slender Element
Short Element
Short
Slenderness
Intermediate
Slender
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Euler stress, E
LE
r
2E
2
12
1
1
1
PF PE PY
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E Y
E Y
13
or F
E Y
n
En Y n
:1 n 3
L
2 ET
ET
Modified slenderness at position x cr
2
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14
(E c )(y c ) Ec :
c
Ey
2 Ey
y ( 1)E
2
e0z
r2
,E
2E
2
z: the distance of the extreme fiber from the neutral axis of buckling.
r : Radii of gyration
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15
Dr Mustafa Batikha
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16
(Classification of sections)
(3.5.2)
Local Buckling
Element geometry
(/ )
Stress distribution
Support conditions
Yield strength
Table 11&12
Yield strength :
Element Type : Outstand element (External ),
Internal element (( ) 3.5.1)
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17
Example 1:
S275, UB 45715252, Bending moment only about the major axis
( )
UB 45715252 t=7.6, T=10.9 <16mm Table9 py=275Mpa
275
1
275
b/T=6
b/T
6.99
99 < 9 Class1 (Plastic)
d/t=53.6 < 80 Class1 (Plastic)
Plastic section
Example 2:
S275, UB 45715252, Bending moment + Axial compression force 800kN
b/T=6.99 < 9 Class1 (Plastic)
r1
80
80
d
Fc
800 10 3
41
0.94
1 r1 1 0.94
t
dtp yw 407.6 7.6 275
100
100
d
41.5
1 1.5r1 1 1.5 0.94
t
r2
Fc
800 10 3
120
120
d
0.44
Semi-Compact
63.8
Ag p yw 6660 275
1 2r2 1 2 0.44
t
Example 3:
S355,HF RHS 2501505, Bending moment only about the major axis
( )
HF RHS 2501505 t=5<16mm Table9 py=355Mpa
275
0.88
355
b/T=27 >28=25
b/T<32=28 & b/T<62-0.5d/t=54.5-0.547=31 Class2 (Compact)
d/t=47<64=56 Class1 (plastic)
Compact section
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18
Semi-Compact
Bending
Doubly symmetric
section
3.5.6
3.6.6
3.6.2
3.6.4
Seff
Pure Bending
Non-slender web
Fig. 8-b (Zeff)
CHS
Equal-leg
angle
Aeff, Zeff
Pure Compression
Fig. 8-a (Aeff)
slender web
Aeff, Zeff
3 2
) py
Example:
S275, Welded section , pure Bending , Plastic flange,
slender web
Solution:
fcw=ftw beff=60t=6018=480mm
0.4beff=192, 0.6beff=288
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Simple structures
Table 22
Angle, Channel or
T sections
)(4.7.10
Continuous
Structures
Annex D
Single Story
)buildings (D1
Supporting
internal platform
)floors (D2
Figures D1,
D2, D3, D4
and D5
Annex E
Single angles,
Double angles,
single channels
or single Tsections
Table D.1
Table 25
)Notes: (4.7.10.1
Slenderness1.2
) (4.7.9&4.7.13 Conditions
LEyy
ryy
Lvv
50
rvv
b 2m 2c 1.4c : m
L
E 180
r
4.7.9
max
) .(4.7.13.1.e
.
.
16mm ).(4.7.13.1.f
) .(4.7.13.1.g 300mm 32t t
.(4.7.13.2.b.1
)4 7 13 2 b 1
300mm 16t t
).(4.7.13.2.b.2
4.7.13
0.25Qc:Q=2.5%Ncu
20
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Mohrs Circle
Anticlockwise rotation is positive
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21
Welded Section
py
py=py-20
LE
Non-Slender section
Slender section
Aeff or pyr
LE
r
Pc=pcAg
LE
r
Aeff
Ag
(4.7.4)
Pc=pcAeff
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22
Dr Mustafa Batikha
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23
M 0 EI x
d 2v
dz 2
M 0 EI y
d 2u
dz 2
From Torsion
M L
d T d
GJ
du
dz
d
du
dz
GJ
M0
GJ
dz
dz
M0
d 2
d 2u
d 2
M 02
M0 2 2
0
2
dz
dz
dz
GJEI y
M 02
A cos kz B sin kz : k 2
GJEI y
GJ
z 0 0 A 0, z L 0 kL M o ,cr
GJEI y
M max,cr
1
.M 0,cr
m
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C GJ G
bi ti3
3
Buckling of flange
Pcr
Iy
2
)
2 EI y , flange P
Euler , flange
L2
L2
2E(
1
.M 0,cr
m
D2
4
Example for
concentrated load at
mid span
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25
Frictional force
Ffc=Mumax/D
q2=2.5% Ffc/L
q=q1+q2
k r (0.2 1 / N r ) 0.5
Nr=3
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Rolled section
d
70
t
Welded section
d
62
t
275
py
Rolled section
Welded section
Section Classifications
d
70
t
d
62
t
(4.2.3)
Fv Pv
No
To be continued
max
Fv S
0. 7 p y
I b
Fv 0.6 Pv
High shear (4
(4.2.5.3)
2 5 3)
Slender
Low shear (4
(4.2.5.2)
2 5 2)
[ 2(
Fv
) 1] 2
Pv
Semi-compact
Plastic
M c p y ( S eff S v )
or
M c p y ( Z eff
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S v
1.5
Slender
Semi-compact
Plastic
M c p y Z eff
M c p y S eff
or
Or
p yr Z
Or
pyZ
Mc
Mc
Compact
Mc pyS
Compact
Or
M c p y (Z
Fv 0.6 Pv
S v
1 .5
Conservatively
)
M c p y ( S S v )
M c 1.5 p y Z
M c 1.2 p y Z
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4.2.5.1
27
Beams
b)
Llt
a)
Llt
Llt
c4 or d4 (Table 14)
Llt
Table 14
Normal load
LE=Llt
Destabilizing load
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T bl 13
Table
Table 14 for L
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LE=1.2Llt
28
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Section classification
CHS&SHS
Single angles
(4.3.8)
I, H, Box,
Channel, T and
plate
RHS
L=Lv-v
LE
Table 15
ry
Continued
equal legs
Unequal legs
( 4.3.8.3)
(4 3 8 3)
B.2.9.3
Mx Mcx
b/t15
Heel
Heel
Heel in compression
Heel in tension
Mb pyZx (
1350 L E / rv
) 0 .8 p y Z x
1625
M b 0.8 p y Z x
LE
Table15
ry
Ratio w ( 4.3.6.9)
RHS
T Section
B.2.8
B.2.8
LT 2.8
LT L 0 0.4
2E
py
pb Table 16 or 17(B.2.1)
Slender
M b p b Z x,eff
Semi-Compact
M b pb Z x
M b p b S x,eff
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I, H and Channel
w LE d
t2
LE
ry
u
(4.3.6.8)
(Table 19)
(4 3 6 7)
(4.3.6.7)
Rolled: u=0.9
LT uv w
I yc
I yc I yt
Equal flanges:
=0.5
05
x=D/T (4.3.6.8)
Plastic or Compact
M b pb S x
welded: u=1
LT L 0 0.4
2E
py
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Mb
mLT (4.3.6.6)
Others
Cantilevers without
intermediate lateral
restraint
Table 18
mLT=1
Destabilizing loading
mLT=1
mLT=1
Mx
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Mb
m LT
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31
K=T+r
K=T
Rolled
At the end
Figure 13
Welded
n 2 0 .6
Pbw ( b1 nk ) tp yw Concentrat
be
5
k
n5
ed load
Fl
Flanges
LE=0.7d
Movement
25t
(b1 nk ) d
Pbw
275
p yw
ae0.7d
ae<0.7d
Px
a e 0. 7 d
Px
1 .4 d
Rotation or movement
Pxr
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0.7d
Px
LE
Damascus University
Px=Px
LE=d
LE (Table 22)
32
Deflection ( 2.5)
Serviceability loads
a) LL
b) 0.8LL+0.8WL
c) WL
d) 0.8LL+0.8CL
0 8LL+0 8CL
e) CV
ML2
Table 8
EI
f) CH
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a d neglected moment
pure tension design
a 10%d neglected tension
load
Pure bending design
275
py
Section classification
General Case
Tension with
biaxial
moments
Continued
M ry p y S ry
M rx p y S rx
M ry
M x M rx
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My
Ft
Mx
1
Pt M cx M cy
34
All others
Z1=Z2=1
Z1=Z2=2
Z1=Z2=5/3
Z1=2
Z2=1
Mx
M
rx
Z1
My
M ry
Z2
Mb
m LT
a d neglected moment
pure compression design
a 10%d neglected compression load
Pure bending design
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35
275
py
Section classification
General Case
Compression
with biaxial
moments
Compression with
minor axis moment
only
Compression with
major axis moment
only
M ry p y S ry
M rx p y S rx
M ry
M x M rx
Continued
My
Fc
Mx
1
Ag p y M cx M cy
Slender section: Ag=Aeff
All others
Z1=Z2=1
Z1=Z2=5/3
Z1=Z2=2
Z1=2
Z2=1
Mx
M
rx
Z1
My
M ry
Z2
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36
Flexural buckling:
( )
Lateral-torsional buckling:
)
(
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General buckling
Fc mLT M LT m y M y
1
Pcy
Mb
pyZ y
Fc m x M x m y M y
1
Pc
pyZ x
Py Z y
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37
Notes
Slender Section: Z=Zeff
Ft=Fc=0,
=0 Mx0 and My0 Biaxial moments (4
(4.9)
9) The design
is according to compression with moments case with Fc=0
In sway mode : mx,my and myx 0.85
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38
Note :
I i / Li
/ Li
max
1.5 M 1 M 2 M / 2
min
My
Fc M x
1
Pc M bs Py Z y
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39