Maris Stella High School

Secondary Two Biology

Topic 1:

Name: ____________________
Class (Index No): ______ ( )
Date: _________________

Digestion

Why do we eat?

Diet:

We eat in order to:

The _____ & _____ we consume everyday

- Go: Provide ______

energyfor work, movement and to maintain body functions

Nutrients:

- Grow: To _______ new cells and tissues and to _______worn out cells

The substances in our diet that keep us

- Glow: To maintain __________

healthy.

3 main types of nutrients

Fats

Proteins
The main source of __________
Made of carbon, hydrogen &
oxygen
The main carbohydrates are:
- Starch: Bread, rice, pasta,
_________
- ________: Apples, chocolates
Excess carbohydrates are
converted into _____ for storage

Main substance used for the

Important source of ________

growth and repair of cells

Gives ________ the amount of

Compounds of carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen & ________
Some contain ____________
Foods rich in proteins: Fish,
_______, eggs, milk, cheese,
__________

energy as carbohydrates
Compounds of carbon, hydrogen
and oxygen
Usually solids
A fat that is a liquid at room
temperature is known as an ___
Food: Milk, cheese, nuts

What are enzymes?

Enzymes are a type of proteins.
Enzymes alter the rate of the _________ _______ in our body without being changed and are _______ in action.
Digestive enzymes speed up the process of __________.
Digestion: The _____________ of large molecules of food into small diffusible molecules

Digestion

Small molecules

(Starch)

Protein

Fats

Polypeptides
(Peptones)

___________ _______

Fatty Acids & Glycerol

The

Dig estive
System
Consists of a long tube
known as the alimentary
canal, with organs joined
to the canal.

Mouth

_________: Cut and grind food

into smaller pieces
________: Mucus softens the food
________: Mixes food with saliva
and rolls food

2
This is a narrow muscular tube.
Food moves along the
oesophagus by muscular
contractions (_____________)
Amylase continues to break down
starch into maltose

3
This is a bag-like region
with gastric glands that
produce ______ and
__________.

Acid: Kills ________ &

parasites

Enzymes: __________
which break down
proteins into
_________

Food leaving the stomach

is a semi-liquid.

What is occurring in the small intestine:

4

This region is approximately

6 m long!
Digestive enzymes are
secreted by the _________
& ___________ _________
The small molecules of
digested food can be
__________ into the

bloodstream
Absorption of water and

Absorption of Food:
Small food molecules (eg. glucose & amino acids)
can pass through the intestine walls and
_________ ____ _________________.
The blood carries the food to all parts of the body.

mineral salts
6
Faeces stored
temporarily in the

Villi: Finger-like parts

They provide a _______ __________ _______ for
absorption of food.
The ________ of the small intestine increases surface area.

rectum
Passed out of the
body through the
________

Undigested material
become a semi-solid
waste
________ move to the
rectum