04 - RN31564EN40GLA0 - Capacity Dimensioning - RU40 - 2.0 PDF

Capacity Dimensioning
Nokia Siemens Networks
RN31564EN40GLA0
Module Objectives
At the end of the module you will be able to:

Perform basic traffic modeling
Calculate air interface capacity & load
RN31564EN40GLA0
Air Interface Capacity Dimensioning

Traffic estimate & model
Introduction to load calculation
System Spectral Efficiency
Capacity calculations
Radio network
Air interface dimensioning
Topology
Subscribers
+
Air Interface
Dimensioning
Channel
Card
Baseband
Dimensioning
Dimensioning
Note:
- This Learning Element contains the Air Interface
dimensioning
- Iux & RNC dimensioning can be found in
RN3003 3G IP Transmission Planning & similar
courses
RN31564EN40GLA0
Access network
Iub
Dimensioning
RNC
Dimensioning
Iu
Dimensioning
Iur
Dimensioning
Basic Traffic Model
Traffic estimation
The traffic estimation requires information related to the network topology, subscribers & traffic:
Cell Area from Coverage Dimensioning
Subscriber density from Marketing
Subscriber traffic profile from Marketing
Topology
Subscribers
Cell area
Basic Traffic Model
Subs density
+
Traffic / cell
Air Interface
Dimensioning
Traffic / site
Baseband
Channel
Card
Dimensioning
Dimensioning
RN31564EN40GLA0
Iub
Dimensioning
Traffic / subscriber
Subscriber density
Operator subscriber density depends on:
Population density
Mobile phone penetration

Operator market share
The subscriber density can be considered quite stable in mature markets

Mobile phone penetration close to 100% for basic services
Major changes possible only when new operators come to the market or with aggressive marketing
campaigns
In developing markets fast changes in mobile phone penetration and operator market share
RN31564EN40GLA0
Traffic information
The subscriber density & Subscriber traffic profile are the main requirements for capacity
dimensioning
Traffic forecast should be done by analysing the offered Busy Hour traffic per subscriber for
different services in each rollout phase
Traffic data:
Voice :
Erlang per subscriber during busy hour of the network
Codec bit rate, Voice activity
Video call :
Erlang per subscriber during busy hour of the network
Service bit rates
NRT data :
Average throughput (kbps) per subscriber during busy hour of the network
Target bit rates
RN31564EN40GLA0
Example: Subscriber traffic profile / traffic estimation

Subscriber traffic profile - Marketing Forecast (Example)
(Average) traffic demand per subscriber in busy hour:
Speech telephony:
Video telephony:
SMS
Data services
20 25 mErl
2.5 3.0 mErl
0.3
~ 600 1000 bps (DL), ~ 75 - 100 bps (UL)
Traffic Estimation (Example)

Coverage Area (Site): 10 km2
Planning Area: 100 km2 & 10 000 subscribers 100 subs/km2
User profile
Speech traffic:
25 mErl/subs/BH
NRT data traffic: DL 750 bps/subs/BH, UL 75 bps/subs/BH
Site traffic: Speech - 25 Erl/cell/BH +

NRT data DL - 750 kbps/cell/BH,
NRT data UL - 75 kbps/cell/BH
RN31564EN40GLA0
1000 subs/Site
Traffic model: Erlang B

Traffic model is used to derive the required capacity from average traffic & service quality
requirement
RT traffic (speech, video call, video streaming) is commonly modelled with Erlang-B model
Average traffic (Erlangs) A
Blocking probability (%) B
required No. of traffic channels N
For multiple bearers the Multidimensional
Erlang (MDE) formula is used, therefore the
Traffic
traffic demand is transformed to calculate
carried
= number of
necessary number of channels
Trunks
NRT traffic (web, email services) can

be modelled as average traffic with
defined overhead
Traffic
Lost
RN31564EN40GLA0
B = Blocking Probability
Erlang-B model
Erlang-B model is used for a
system without queuing
Assumes random call arrival

The Blocking probability B can
be calculated as
B( N , A)
AN
N!
i 0
Ai
i!
A = traffic in Erl
N = required number of traffic
channels
A = Average traffic [Erl]

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Packet data modelling

Packet data traffic is a sum of multiple services with different traffic profiles and
service quality requirements
Accurate modelling of packet data traffic requires multiple assumptions and complex
simulations
Practical packet data traffic model utilizes average bit rate with fixed overhead for
protocol and QoS
The overhead can assumed to be 27%
This figure includes the L2 re-transmission overhead of 10% and 15% of buffer
headroom to avoid overflow (peak to average load ratio headroom) (1+0.10) x
(1+0.15) = 1.265 26.5% overhead
Required bit rate = (1 + Overhead) * Average bit rate
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RN31564EN40GLA0
Example: Traffic models

Cell traffic: 25 Erl/cell/BH, 750 kbps/cell/BH
Speech: 25 Erl & 2% blocking 34 traffic channels
NRT data DL: 750 kbps * (1 + 26%) = 945 kbps
NRT data UL: 75 kbps * (1 + 26%) = 94.5 kbps
assumed overhead
for protocol & QoS
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RN31564EN40GLA0
10% L2 re-transmission overhead

15% buffer headroom to avoid overflow
(1+0.10) x (1+0.15) = 1.265 26.5% overhead

Overview
Radio network
Topology
Subscribers
+
Air Interface
Dimensioning
System Level Simulations

Analytical Method for Rel99 & HSUPA
Channel
Card
Baseband
Dimensioning
Dimensioning
Parameters dependence
Access network
Iub
Dimensioning
RNC
Dimensioning
Iu
Dimensioning
Iur
Dimensioning
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RN31564EN40GLA0
Basic Traffic Model
You can setup the color/gradient and outline style of selected shapes with the Shape_set_color_and_gradient macro, or by clicking
Introduction to Load Calculation

Overview (1/3)
Calculate required cell load and required number of

carriers per site for assumed traffic demand
Traffic demand
with GoS*
Service type,
Operating band
Packet scheduling
algorithm (Round robin,
Proportional fair)
Number of HS-PDSCH
codes (5, 10, 15)
GENERAL
PARAMETERS
HSPA
CONFIGURATION
Pole Capacity
(Spectral Efficiency)
NETWORK
CONFIGURATION
Carrier Tx Power, ISD (Inter

Site Distance), Site layout
(sectorization)
CAPACITY
BOOSTING
FEATURES
Cell Load / Number

of required carriers
* Grade of Service quality of service related to Uu

interface
For internal use

Unique document identifier (ID) / Version number / Life cycle status
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RN31564EN40GLA0

Overview (2/3)
Verify information if the site can handle the ordered traffic

demand per phase
If required loop back with coverage dimensioning is needed
Load per cell
Air interface
dimensioning
Link budget
Cell range
For internal use

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RN31564EN40GLA0

Assumptions (3/3)
Network Layout is assumed to be homogenous within a certain defined environment
all sites of a particular environment are of the same shape and size
Traffic Distribution is assumed to be flat within a certain defined environment
all sites of a particular environment carry the same load
Busy Hour Traffic is assumed for dimensioning as worst
case
it is required to ensure all services over the whole day
HOMOGENOUS
NETWORK
LAYOUT
BUSY HOUR
TRAFFIC
PROFIL
Traffic (voice and packet data) is not distributed

evenly over the day
FLAT TRAFFIC
DISTRIBUTION
Usage of both over most of the day is very high.

Even if their Busy Hours are at the different time
they share the same network resources
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RN31564EN40GLA0

Overview
Radio network
Topology
Subscribers
+
Air Interface
Dimensioning

Analytical Method for Rel99 & HSUPA
Channel
Card
Baseband
Dimensioning
Dimensioning
Parameters dependence
Access network
Iub
Dimensioning
RNC
Dimensioning
Iu
Dimensioning
Iur
Dimensioning
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RN31564EN40GLA0
Basic Traffic Model

Overview
Air Interface capacity can be obtained from simulations in dynamic system-level
simulator and/or analytical calculations
Spectral efficiency = bandwidth efficiency, refers to the maximum throughput that can be
transmitted over a given bandwidth (summed over all users in the system, divided by the
channel bandwidth); typically measured in bps/Hz per unit area (usually per cell)
System Level simulations
Analytical method
possible to run 3GPP-compliant and NSN productaligned simulations
basis on load equations for UL and DL
NSN NB/eNB product RRM algorithm are included

dynamic and statistical processes are exactly simulated
(mobility with handovers, slow and fast fading, power
control, etc)
allows for various traffic mixes such as FTP, HTTP,
VoIP, full buffer
offers regular hexagonal and irregular network layouts
provides detailed statistics (e.g. histograms, CDF/PDF,
stats over time, stats over distance)
useful for advanced performance estimation (data
rates, SINRs, CQIs, HO ratio, etc.)
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RN31564EN40GLA0
dynamic and statistical processes are modeled by

static and simplified parameters (homogenous traffic
distribution, homogenous power distribution in DL, no
slow fading, no mobility, etc)
no product specific RRM algorithms
static behavior
no noise considered

Statistic collected by SL simulator at 98% of satisfied
users ratio (QoS-based Satisfied User Criterion )
Evaluated as the total correctly received bits divided by
the simulation measuring time, the system bandwidth,
and the number of cells from where the statistics are
collected (reference ring)
The dedicated signaling channels bits are not counted
The bits are counted only once for mobiles in soft/softer
handover
In case of packet services the bits that are needed to be
retransmitted are not counted
The SL simulation evaluates (among other manifold

result statistics) a complex Quality of Service (QoS)based Satisfied User Criterion (according to UMTS
30.03) with a session-based approach
a user exists for a certain time period (one session) in
the system
each session is evaluated a decision if the
individual user is satisfied or unsatisfied
Packet user is satisfied if:
the user is not blocked when arriving to the system
the user is not dropped
active session throughput of the user is at least 10%
of his nominal bit rate (e.g. > 64kbit/s for HSDPA
service)
Interference Ring
(usually 36 cells)
Reference Ring
(usually 21 cells)
Example of simulation area

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NSN approach: Spectral Efficiency

figures for HSDPA are taken from
dedicated simulations in dynamic
system-level simulator

Analytical method for Rel99
Spectral efficiency for Rel99 services is obtained as follows:
spectral _ efficiency bearer NumberOfTrunksbearer Rbearer service _ bearer

NumberOfTrunks is obtained from UL/DL load formula assuming 100% in UL/DL
UL (1 i)
j
1
W / Rj
Eb / N 0 j
DL (1 SHO _ OH ) (1 j i)
j
NSN approach: Spectral Efficiency figures for Rel99 and HSUPA for dimensioning
purposes are obtained basing on analytical method. SL simulation campaign for
HSUPA is ongoing
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RN31564EN40GLA0
1
W / Rj
Eb / N 0 j

Analytical method load equations overview
Activity factor
Uplink load
EbNo requirement
jN
UL j
j 1
Eb / No j
W / Rj
1 a i
Downlink load
Bit rate
Soft handover
overhead
20
Rise in Inter-cell
interference ratio
Activity factor
EbNo
requirement
jN
Eb / No j
j 1
W / Rj
DL (1 SHO _ OH ) j
Uplink load factor, generally 0.5 - 0.7 is used -> 100% for spectral
efficiency
DL
Downlink load factor, generally 0.6 - 0.8 is used -> 100% for spectral
efficiency
Number of users
uj
L1 activity factor of user j (0.67 for voice ul, 0.63 for voice dl, 1.0 for
data)
Eb/Noj
Inter-cell
interference ratio
Chip rate
UL
Chip rate
RN31564EN40GLA0
1 i
Orthogonality
Bit rate
Received EbNo of user j
WCDMA chip rate; 3.84 Mcps/s
Rj
Data rate of user j
Ratio of other to own cell interference. In uplink, the value depends

on the BTS sectorisation:
Micro cell: Omni: 25% - 55%
Macro cell: Omni: 55%, 2-sector: 55%, 3-sector: 65%, 4-sector:
75%, 6-sector: 85%
Rise in intercell interference ratio (power rise) dependant

upon average UE speed
SHO_OH
Orthogonality dependant upon the propagation channel condition

commonly selected to 0.5 (can vary between 0.4 to 0.9)
Soft handover overhead commonly 20-40% -> 30% for spectral
efficiecny
Inter-cell
interference ratio

Analytical method Inter-Cell Interference: Little i
In the real environment we will never have separated cell. Therefore, in the load factor
calculation the other cell interferences are taken into account.
It is introduced by means of the Little i value, which describes how much two cells
overlap (bigger overlapping more inter-cell interferences)
jN
Eb / No j
j 1
W / Rj
UL j
1 i
Inter-Cell Interference Ratio

other cell interference
Little i
i
own cell interference
Iother
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Analytical method Rise in Inter-Cell Interference: a
The average UE transmit power is increased due to fast
closed loop power control and fast fading
The UE power increase causes higher level of UL

interference from other cell mobiles
jN
Eb / No j
j 1
W / Rj
UL j
1 a * i
Power rise can be included into the Little i
Rise in Inter-cell
interference ratio
POWER RISE: THE RATIO OF THE AVERAGE TRANSMISSION POWER IN

A FADING CHANNEL TO THAT IN A NON-FADING CHANNEL WHEN THE
RECEIVED POWER LEVEL IS THE SAME IN BOTH FADING AND NONFADING CHANNELS WITH FAST POWER CONTROL
Non-fading channel
Received power
Fading channel
Transmitted power
Power rise
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Average transmitted power

Analytical method Soft HO overhead & Orthogonality Factor
jN
Eb / No j
j 1
W / Rj
DL (1 SHO _ OH ) j
Soft Handover Overhead SHO_OH: Overhead

integrated into the calculation due to Soft
RNC
Handover;
in this case two Node Bs
require capacity to serve
a single user
Soft
HO
Softer
HO
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1 i
Orthogonality Factor : In the DL, the Intra-Cell

Interference should be theoretically Zero (
Orthogonality of Channelization Codes); due to a
loss of Orthogonality caused by Multipath
transmission, the Orthogonality Factor has to be
taken into account; j = [0 .. 1.0] propagation
channel conditions
The DL orthogonality & i are different for each
user and average values have to be used in DL
load calculations

Analytical method Little i & SHO overhead
The level of interferences received from

neighbouring cells depends strongly on
Network layout (site locations, antenna

directions & sectorization)
Propagation environment (propagation slope)
SHO overhead is related to the cell

coverage overlap & other cell interferences
level
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Interferences received from neighbouring cells

simulated DL values
Sectorization
HBW
SHO
Overhead
i = Iother/Iown
1-sector
omni
23%
58%
3-sector
90
34%
88%
3-sector
65
27%
66%
3-sector
33
26%
70%
4-sector
90
42%
109%
4-sector
65
31%
76%
4-sector
33
33%
86%
6-sector
90
53%
146%
6-sector
65
42%
105%
6-sector
33
32%
90%
HBW: Half Beam-Width

Analytical method for HSUPA
Assumptions:
UL capacity is utilized only by HSUPA UL = 100%
UEs distribution inside the cell has impacts on possible C/I
impacts UE & finally cell throughput
UE1
UE2 UE
3
UE4
UE5
here: 5 Use are at the same distance from antenna
equal share of UL Load
LHSUPA_UE = 100% / 5 UE = 20%

jN
jN
j 1
j 1
UL L j
1
1
1
(C / I ) j j
1 a i
i = 0.65 (little i); j(data) = 1 (activity), a = 1dB (rise in Inter-cell interference)

C/I = f(throughput) for various channel models: Ped A3, Veh A3, Veh A30
NSN approach: Spectral Efficiency figures for Rel99 and HSUPA for dimensioning purposes
are obtained basing on analytical method. SL simulation campaign for HSUPA is ongoing
For internal use
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Analytical method for HSUPA
Steps:
UL
1. UE load LHSUPA_UE is translated to C/I
example for Veh A3:
C/IHSUPA_UE = 10log10(1/(((1+0.65*101dB/10)/20%-1)*100%))
= -9,08 dB
2. C/IHSUPA_UE is translated to HSUPA throughput using the C/I
curves vs. Throughput derived from link level simulations
3. Spectral efficiency is a cell throughput divided by channel
bandwidth
jN
jN
Lj
j 1
1
j 1
1
(C / I ) j j
jN
C/I
j 1
1 a i
1
1 a i
1 j

ULj
jN
C/IHSUPA_UE = -9.08 dB
TPHSUPA_UE = 454.03 kbps
For internal use

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Spectral _ Effciency
UE _ TP
j 1
5MHz

Parameters dependence No of HSUPA UEs & Rel99 DCH load
jN
Spectral _ Effciency
UE _ TPj
Average cell
throughput
j 1
5MHz
Average HSUPA throughput depends on number

of HSUPA user in the cell
Note: no Rel99 users in the cell
Max throughput resulting from Link Level curves

is not achieved due to little i, a
Value used
for spectral
efficiency
Value used
for spectral
efficiency
Average HSUPA throughput depends on Rel99

DCH load in the cell
Note: 5 HSUPA users in the cell
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Parameters dependence HS-PDSCH code multiplexing
HSDPA capacity is influenced by the network and the UEs capabilities
Number of codes (5, 10, 15) Higher peak bit rates in good radio conditions imply higher cell
throughput for 10 codes or 15 codes capable UEs in 15 codes capable cell
Code multiplexing: multiple 5 code UEs can utilize up to 15 codes in 15 codes capable cell
Higher spectrum efficiency
no code-multiplexing (10/15 code UEs)
2.2 Mbps
code-multiplexing (5 code UEs)

2.0 Mbps
1.8 Mbps
1.7 Mbps
1.2 Mbps
5 Codes
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10 Codes
Cell capability
15 Codes

Parameters dependence No of HS-PDSCH codes & scheduling algorithm
The HSDPA cell capacity increases with the number of the HS-PDSCH codes
The presented HSDPA cell capacities are valid for the proportional fair scheduler
The Proportional Fair scheduler is 30% better than the Round Robin scheduler, so in order to
obtain respective values for the round robin scheduler the values have to be adjusted
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Parameters dependence Channel model
Channel model impacts significantly spectral efficiency values of all
services
For 3G dimensioning for Dense Urban and Urban environments
Pedestrian A 3 channel model should be used Pedestrian A 3 is
more optimistic then Vehicular A 3 although both are very similar (Veh
A3 km considers additionally far reflections from distant objects
HSUPA cell capacity gains [%]
120%
Ped A3
100%
Veh A3
Veh A30
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
5 HSUPA users, 100% capacity available to HSUPA,
2RX Div UL
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Parameters dependence NB/UE Antenna Diversity & Site layout
Spectral efficiency values depends on
the number of receiving antennas
NB antenna
diversity
R99, HSPA
Transmitting
Receiving
Antennas
Antennas
2Tx
2Rx, 4Rx
Spectral efficiency depends on the site

layout
Sectorization gain = ratio of n-sector site capacity to
capacity of omni site
(used with
MIMO)
UE antenna
diversity
R99 Data, HSPA
Transmitting
Receiving
Antennas
Antennas
1Tx
2Rx*
(recommended)
* share of 3G terminals with 2Rx

antennas is increasing
DL Cell capacity gain: 32% - 41%
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sectorization
UL Cell capacity gain: 28%
Reference

Parameters dependence Carrier Transmission Power & Site to Site distance
DL Spectral efficiency values depends on carrier transmission power and site to site
distance
APPLY CAREFULLY HIGHER
CARRIER TRANSMISSION POWERS SINCE RELATIVE CELL CAPACITY GAINS ARE SMALLER FOR HIGHER
CARRIER TRANSMISSION POWER
Highest cell capacity gain is observed for 20W 40W

Cell capacity gain is not observed between 60W 80W (up to 7500 m of site to site distance)
CELL CAPACITY DECREASES
WHEN
SITE TO SITE DISTANCE INCREASES
(FOR CONSTANT
CARRIER
TRANSMISSION POWER)
CELL CAPACITY INCREASES

Reference
WHEN
CARRIER TRANSMISSION POWER

INCREASES (FOR CONSTANT SITE TO
SITE DISTANCE)
Results of SL simulations, 2.1MHz band

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RN31564EN40GLA0

Radio network
Topology
Subscribers
+
Air Interface
Dimensioning
Channel
Card
Baseband
Dimensioning
Dimensioning
Access network
Iub
Dimensioning
RNC
Dimensioning
Iu
Dimensioning
Iur
Dimensioning
33
RN31564EN40GLA0
Basic Traffic Model
Capacity calculation
Fractional load calculation
depends on traffic class of
a bearer
Blocking probability [%]
Best effort
expressed in kbit or kbps or Erl
Delay [s]
Fractional Load
Traffic Demand in BH
Grade of Service
Required bandwidth
per site, Bearer_1, link
per site, bearer, link
per bearer
Fractional Load
maximum capacity (bandwidth) of a

site for a (bearer) in the network with
certain GoS at Uu, expressed in
[kbit/s/site]
Considers
sectorization gain
BTS Tx power impact
cell range impact
gains of capacity boosting features
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RN31564EN40GLA0
Fractional Load
per site, Bearer_n, link
Pole Capacity
Rel99 and HSPA traffic deployment
[kbps/cell]
Cell Throughput
[kbps/Cell]
Cell throughput
HSUPA
HSDPA System Load [kbps/Cell/MHz]
Rel99 deployed on a separate carrier
UL:Rel99/DL:Rel99
HSPA and Rel99 services deployed on a shared carrier
UL:HSUPA/ DL:HSDPA and

UL:Rel99/DL:HSDPA and
UL:Rel99/DL:Rel99
HSPA deployed on a separate carrier
UL:HSUPA/DL:HSDPA and
UL:Rel99/DL:HSDPA
% of AMR users
1400
1200
1000
800
HSUPA AND HSDPA
600
CAPACITY IS SHARED
WITH THE REL99
CAPACITY IN A LINEAR
WAY
400
200
0
10
20
30
40
50
number
ofAMR
AMR
users
number of
users
35
RN31564EN40GLA0
TOTAL LOAD OF MIX OF

HSPA AND REL99
SERVICES ON
REL99/HSPA SHARED
CARRIER IS A SUM OF
FRACTIONAL LOADS OF
ALL ALLOCATED
SERVICES
Maximum capacity of Rel99 only carrier
Rel99 on a separate carrier (UL:Rel99/DL:Rel99)
Maximum UL & DL carrier capacity refers to the interference level in the cell, used also as target cell load for
coverage dimensioning
18
50% coverage driven scenario, a good compromise between

the site count and the offered capacity,
70% capacity driven scenario, refers to 5dB of interference
increase reflected by PrxTarget* + PrxOffset** =
PrxTargetBTS***
16
loss/dB
Increase [dB]
Interference
Cell Load ranges & maximum values:

UL: 30% - 70%
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
loading/%
* - Target for received power, ** - Offset for received power, *** - uplink overload threshold for BTS and RNC
36
RN31564EN40GLA0
98
95
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
50% coverage driven scenario, a good compromise between

the site count and the offered capacity,
80% capacity driven scenario, 80% of power after reservation
for common control channels
10
DL: 30% - 80%
Maximum capacity of HSPA only carrier
HSPA on a separate carrier (UL:HSUPA/DL:HSDPA & UL:Rel99/DL:HSDPA)
Maximum UL carrier capacity refers to the interference level in the cell, used as target cell load for coverage
dimensioning
Maximum DL carrier capacity refers to BTS power available for HSDPA transmission, no Rel99 admitted in DL
so all power left after common control channels can be allocated

UL: 30% - 80% (usually)
50% coverage driven scenario, a good compromise
between the site count and the offered capacity,
85% capacity driven scenario, refers to ~8dB
of interference increase related to most often used value
of system parameter PrxMaxTargetBTS*, default = 6 dB (75%)
DL: 100%
(all power available for HSDPA transmission,
after reservation of power for common control
channels)
* - Maximum target received wide band power for BTS
37
RN31564EN40GLA0
Data contribution by NSN operators
Maximum capacity of Rel99/HSPA shared carrier
HSPA and Rel99 services on a shared carrier (UL:HSUPA/ DL:HSDPA & UL:Rel99/DL:HSDPA &
UL:Rel99/DL:Rel99)
Maximum UL carrier capacity refers to the interference level in the cell, used as target cell load for coverage
dimensioning THE SAME
AS FOR
HSPA ONLY CARRIER
Maximum DL carrier capacity depends on proportion between served Rel99 and HSDPA, Rel99 and HSDPA can
be admitted in DL so all power left after common control channels is shared between Rel99 and HSDPA transmission

UL: 30% - 80% (usually)
50% coverage driven scenario, a good compromise between the site count and the offered capacity,
85% capacity driven scenario, refers to ~8dB of interference increase related to most often used value of system
parameter PrxMaxTargetBTS*, default = 6 dB (75%)
DL: for capacity dimensioning purposes there are two limits assumed:
for HSDPA transmission THE SAME AS FOR HSPA ONLY CARRIER
for Rel99 transmission THE SAME AS FOR REL99 ONLY CARRIER
* - Maximum target received wide band power for BTS
38
RN31564EN40GLA0
Required number of carriers
Fractional Load
Fractional Load
Allocate bearers 1 n
among available
carrier types up to
carrier capacity limits
Required
Traffic that doesnt feet

requires additional
carrier
Cell load
Operators strategy for
* Refer for capacity boosting features to the next Learning

Element RN31547EN30GLA0 Coverage Capacity Improvement
Available number
of carriers per site
RESULTS TO CHECK FOR NEEDS/POSSIBILITIES FOR

RESULTS OPTIMIZATION?
Rel99 & HSPA traffic

deployment
Available number of
carriers (info from
operator or assumption)
39
Compare
ANALYZE
Fractional Load
per site, Bearer_n, link
number of
carriers per site
RN31564EN40GLA0
LOW CELL LOAD

DECREASE SITE COUNT? OR
MAYBE IT MAKES SENSE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF
THE
NETWORK AIM
HIGH CELL LOAD/TOO MANY CARRIERS REQUIRED (WHAT IS THE BEST

NETWORK EVOLUTION PATH?)
INCREASE SITE COUNT? OR
PROPOSE CAPACITY BOOSTING FEATURES*? OR

INCREASE SECTORIZATION? OR
UNREALISTIC TRAFFIC MODEL?

Summary
The Air Interface Capacity dimensioning includes aspects:

Traffic estimation & modelling
Air Interface Load estimation
Capacity Boosting Features
Capacity strongly depends on:
Interference: Inter-Cell Interference i, C/I
Orthogonality factor
Quality Requirements Eb/No
Network layout
Power (carrier transmission power)
40
RN31564EN40GLA0

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Capacity Dimensioning

Nokia Siemens Networks

At the end of the module you will be able to:

Nokia Siemens Networks

Air Interface Capacity Dimensioning

Air interface dimensioning

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Basic Traffic Model

Basic Traffic Model

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Mobile phone penetration

The subscriber density can be considered quite stable in mature markets

Nokia Siemens Networks

Nokia Siemens Networks

Example: Subscriber traffic profile / traffic estimation

Traffic Estimation (Example)

Site traffic: Speech - 25 Erl/cell/BH +

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Traffic model: Erlang B

NRT traffic (web, email services) can

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Assumes random call arrival

A = Average traffic [Erl]

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N = required No. of trunks

Packet data modelling

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Example: Traffic models

for protocol & QoS

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10% L2 re-transmission overhead

Air Interface Capacity Dimensioning

Air interface dimensioning

System Level Simulations

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Basic Traffic Model

Introduction to Load Calculation

Calculate required cell load and required number of

Carrier Tx Power, ISD (Inter

Cell Load / Number

* Grade of Service quality of service related to Uu

For internal use

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Introduction to Load Calculation

Verify information if the site can handle the ordered traffic

Load per cell

For internal use

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Introduction to Load Calculation

Traffic (voice and packet data) is not distributed

Usage of both over most of the day is very high.

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Air Interface Capacity Dimensioning

Air interface dimensioning

System Level Simulations

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Basic Traffic Model

System Spectral Efficiency

possible to run 3GPP-compliant and NSN productaligned simulations

basis on load equations for UL and DL

NSN NB/eNB product RRM algorithm are included

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dynamic and statistical processes are modeled by