1.

0 Introduction
Gases have various properties which can be observed with our senses
including its pressure, temperature, mass and the volume which contains
the gas. It is determined that these variables is related to one another in
some senses and the value of these variable is what determine the state
of the gas.
In 1662, Robert Boyle observed during his experiments with a vacuum
chamber that the pressure of gases is inversely proportional to their
volume which then results in the creation of Boyles Law. Boyles Law
states that :
For a fixed mass of ideal gas at fixed temperature, the product of
pressure and volume is a constant.
That leads to the formula :
p x V = constant

(T=constant)

Where p = the pressure of gas, and

V= the volume of gas

A further relations was introduced in 1802 by J. Charles and J. Gay-Lussac

that experimentally determined that at low pressure the volume of the gas
is proportional to the temperature.
pT

(V=constant)

if we combine both of the law, we can obtain the general gas equation:
p1 V 1 p2 V 2
=
=constant
T1
T2
For a fixed quantity of gas, the expression [(p x V)/T] always remain
constant.
In this experiment, we will conduct 4 experiments which is:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Isochoric heating
Isochoric cooling
Isothermic compression
Isothermic expansion

2.0 Apparatus
The apparatus used in this experiment was WL102: Boyles law
Demonstration unit and a stopwatch.

3.0 Procedure
3.1

Isochoric Heating
1. The master switch of the unit was turned on.
2. The air discharge valve on the lid of the heat able cylinder was
opened and the vessel was set to ambient pressure.
3. The air discharge valve was closed.
4. The required final temperature on the hearing regulator was
set using the arrow keys.
5. The heater was switched on and left to operate until the final
temperature was reached.
6. The reading of temperature and pressure was taken with an
interval of 1 minute.
7. The cylinder was leaved unchanged and the cooling
experiment was immediately started.

3.2

Isochoric cooling
1. The heater was switched off.
2. The air discharge valve on the lid of heat able cylinder was
open and the vessel was set to ambient pressure.
3. The air discharge valve was closed.
4. The reading of temperature and pressure was taken with an
interval of 5 min until the vessel cool to rom temperature.
5. The air discharge valve on the lid of heat able cylinder was
open and the vessel was set to ambient pressure.
6. The unit master switch was switched off.

3.3

Isothermic Compression

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

8.
9.

3.4

The units master switch was turned on.

The air discharge valve of the cylinder was opened halfway.
Both 3-way valves are placed in position 1.
The compressor was switched on until the liquid level reached
the lowest mark on the scale of the cylinder.
The compressor was switched off.
The air discharge valve on the lid of the cylinder was closed.
The compressor was switched on, liquid started to flow into
the cylinder. The reading of the pressure and volume of air
inside the cylinder was taken as the liquid fill up the cylinder.
The compressor was stopped when the liquid filled the upper
mark on the cylinder.
The cylinder was left unchanged and the expansion
experiment was carried out immediately.

Isothermic Expansion
1. The air discharged valve and the 3-way valve was open and
closed interchangeably until ambient pressure reached the
cylinder. The level of the liquid was adjusted to be at the
upper mark of the cylinder.
2. The air discharge valve was closed.
3. Both flow adjustment was placed in position Z.
4. The compressor was switched on and the gas was expanded
until the lowest mark on the scale of the cylinder was reached.
The reading of pressure and volume of air throughout this
process at a steady increment.

4.0 Results

Isochoric Heating and Cooling

Heating

Cooling

For Heating Process

Pressure Vs Temperature

f(x) = 2.14x + 11.42

p/T vs time

For cooling process

Pressure Vs Temperature

f(x) = 0.27x - 8.37

p/T vs time

f(x) = - 0x + 0.17