NICMAR SODE

PGP-CM-MODULE-01
ASSIGNMENT NO: 04
COURSE TITLE:

QUANTITY
SURVEYING
COURSE CODE PGCM14
DATE OF DISPATCH: 25/11/2015
LAST DATE OF RECEIPT: 30/11/2015

PREPARED AND SUBMITTED BY:

NAME: MOHAMMED NOMAN
REG NO: 215-06-11-50423-2171

QUANTITY
SURVEYING

Assignment
Do the rate analysis of the following materials?
Cement Pointing 1:4 unit 1sq.m. - take 100sq.m.
12 mm cement plastering in ceiling 1:4 with coarse sand unit 1 sqm. Take 100
sqm.
Cement Pointing:
In masonry construction overtime,weathering and decay causes voids in the
joints between masonry units (usually bricks). It is essential that the mortar used
for pointing have similar performance characteristics to the original mortar used
in a building. Such performance characteristics include permeability,
compressive strength and coefficient of thermal expansion. Hard cement
pointing is inappropriate for an old building, simply because it can disfigure and
hasten the decay of historic masonry. Portland cement became particularly
popular after the second world war. Whereas modern buildings rely on such
materials to seal walls and exclude moisture the permeable lime mortars widely
used on old buildings allowed them to breathe the raincoat versus overcoat
effect. In some cases lime mortar pointing weathers back to the stage repointing
is needed, but if this is done with impervious cement erosion of the bricks and
stones themselves occurs in preference as they become the most permeable part
of the wall and suffer the greatest frost and salt action.

Dense, cement rich mortars also develop hairline crack from shrinkage or eith
old buildings on shallow foundations from minor structural movement. Lime
mortar better accommodates movement and because it is autogenous any minor
cracks that do develop will self heal.
Recognition of inappropriate cement used for pointing:
A very hard, smooth and dull grey mortar typically indicates an unsuitable mix
rich in ordinary Portland cement , as opposed to the softer, more open-textured
and lighter coloured mortar bound with lime that is compatible with old
masonry. Furthermore, the latter may contain impurities such as is a weatherstruck (angled), bucket-handle (concave) or ribbon pointed (protruding) joint
finish. Weathering characteristics differ as well. Unlike lime-based pointing that
gradually erodes back cementitious mortar cracks and drops out in short
sections or is left standing proud of decayed bricks or stones.
Method of removing inappropriate cement mortar:
Hard pointing can possibly be cut out with hand tools, such as chisels or quirks
and a light club hammer. The use of hammer and bolster is not recommended.
An alternative technique involves the use of a handsaw, particularly for fine
joints. Cutting discs, reciprocating blades and air tools with adapted masonry
carving chisels can be helpful in removing detrimental cement mortar, but they
must be properly used, and only entrusted to highly experienced operatives. In

correctively used, power tools can cause untold damage to stone or brick
surfaces. Regardless of the technique, the importance of trials cannot be
overemphasised and great care must be taken to avoid damage to the edges or
arrises of bricks and stones.
Replacement of inappropriate cement pointing:
Generally, a soft and permeable lime mortar that matches the colour, texture and
profile of any surviving lime pointing. Where there is one, and it is necessary to
design a new mortar, this must be weaker than the bricks or blocks and take into
account site exposure. Recently cement has been added to modify lime mortars,
but this is discouraged now that a wider range of limes is obtainable. If in doubt
about the joint profile, a flush or nearly flush finish is usually sympathetic or
there may be someone familiar with lime-based materials.
Problem: Cement Pointing 1:4 unit 1sq.m. take 100 sq.m.
(a) Materials:
Cement

= 0.0753cum / 10 sqm

For 100sqm, cement

= 0.0753*10*350

( Rate of one cement bag, 50kg =350Rs)

Total price of cement required

= 263.55 Rs.

(b) Labour:
Mason

= 0.11 day

Payment to masons for 100 sqm

= 0.11 *10*350

Masons required in rupees

= 385Rs.

Mazdoor

= 0.11 day

Payment to mazdoor for 100 sqm

= 0.14 *10*320

Mazdoor required in rupees

= 448Rs.

Total

= 1096.55 Rs.

Add 17.5%

for OH and Profits

= 1096.55*17.5%
= 191.8 Rs.

Total

= (1096.55+191.8)
=1288.35 Rs.

Add 4% W.C.T & 1% for water

Charges + 0.5% elec. Charges

= 1288.35*5.5% = 70.86 Rs.

Total

= 1288.35+70.86 = 1359.21 Rs.

Add 5% for restricted area

=1359.21 * 5%

Total amount for pointing

= 1427.1705 Rs.

= 67.96Rs.

Cement Plastering:
Plastering is the process of covering rough surface with a plastic material to
obtain an even smooth, regular, clear and durable surface. Plastering conceals
defective workmanship and cover up unsound and cheap quality material.
External plastering also termed as rendering is done with the object of

improving the resistance of the surface to rain water penetration and other
atmospheric influences. The plastic material or plaster is made by working
together a mixture of building material which may be cement, lime or clay, fine
aggregate and water.

Preparation of surface for plastering:

The durability of plaster depends to a great extent upon its adhesion with the
back ground. The preparation of surface is of prime importance. All the
projection which extend by more than 13mm from the general surface of the
masonry wall face are knocked off to obtain a uniform surface and to reduce
consumption of plaster.
Rust and loose mortar is brushed out of the raked joint. The surface is rust free
from oily, greasy spots and efflorescense. If any removed by brushing and
scrapping. In case of old walls the smoothness of the surface is destroyed by
hacking it with some tools. The surface of the patches of plaster serves the
gauges for maintaining even thickness of the wall being applied. Mortar is then
applied on the wall between the screed with trowel.
Pointing may be done by using lime or cement mortar. The mortar for lime
pointing is made by taking equal parts of fat lime and fine sand and then
grinding the mix thoroughly in a mortar mill. The mortar for cement pointing is
made by mixing cement and sand in proportion of 1:2 or 1:3. The mortar is
pressed into the raked joints with a pointing trowel and rendered flash surk or

raised according to the type of pointing required. The desired type of pointing is
then made with the proper tool and the surface of the masonry cleaned of all
superfluous mortar. The pointing should be kept wet for about a week. The
pointing lines should be regular truly horizontal and vertical. In case if randon
rubble masonry where the joints are starting the line of the joints from different
should preferably meet at or near the junctions.

Necessary handling equipment:

1. Hand gloves
2. Bucket
3. Spread
4. Pan
5. Trowel
6. Float
7. Plumb bob
Precaution to be taken:
1. Surface should be clean.
2. It should be wet before plastering
3. Required amount of water should be provided
4. The cement, sand ratio should be maintained
5. After plastering water well spread on plaster everyday.

Defects in plaster work:

Old surface not being properly prepared.
Movement in the plaster itself on account of the expansion or shrinkage.
Excessive shrinkage of plaster due to the application of mortar in thick
coat.
The adhesion of the plaster to the back ground may not be perfect.
Excessive thermal changes in plaster or backing.
In-adequate curing of the plaster.
The bond between the successive coat of plaster may not be perfect.
The section of backing material may not be uniform. At the places where
the backing material absorbs excessive amount of water the plaster loses
its strength as well as the mechanical bond between the two surfaces.

Problem: 12mm cement plastering in ceiling 1:4 coarse sand unit 1 sqm take
100 sqm.

Area to be plastered

= 100m2

Thickness of plaster

= 12mm = 0.012m

Volume of mortar required

= 100 *0.012 = 1.2m3

Add 20% extra mortar for filling joint , depressions and wastage
Volume of mortar (wet volume)

= (0.2*1.2) + 1.2 = 1.44m3

Increase further by one third of the volume to get dry volume

= ((1/3)*1.44) + 1.44)
= 1.92m3
Summation of proportion

= 1+4 = 5

For 12mm plastering in 1:4 cement : sand mortar mix

1) Cement required

= 1.92/5 = 0.384 m3

Number of bags of cement required

= 0.384/0.0347 = 11.06 bags

Rate of one cement bag

= 350 kg

Total price of cement required

= 11.06 * 350
= 3871 Rs.

2) Sand required

= (1.92*(4/5)) = 1.536m3

Rate of sand /m3

=1250 Rs.

Total amount of sand required

= 1.536 * 1250 = 1920 Rs.

Labour required:
Mason

= 0.07435 days

Labours

= 0.0929 days

Bhishti

= 0.0929 days ( material and water for mixing )

Number of days of mason required =

Amount for masons

Amount for labour

Amount for bhishti

Total prime cost

Add 17.5% Overhead and profits

0.07435 * no.of layers * surface area

0.07435 * 1 * 100

7.435 days

7.435 * 350

2602.25 Rs.

0.0929 * 1* 100

9.29 * 320 = 2972.8 Rs.

0.0929 *1*100 = 9.29 days

9.29 * 300

3871+ 1920 + 2602.25+2972.8+2787

14153.05 Rs.

14153 * 17.5%

2476.775 Rs.

= 2787 Rs.

Total

(14153.05 + 2476.775 )

16629.825 Rs.

Elect. 0.5% = 5.5%

16629.825 * 5.5% = 914.64

Grand Total

16629.825 + 914.64 = 17544.465 Rs.

Add wct 4% water 1% +

Difference between plastering and pointing:

PLASTERING

1. Mortar is applied to the full surface

POINTING

1. Only joints are filled properly

of the structure.
2. In plastering, lime and cement mortar
are used
3. Plaster is applied in both inside and

2. In pointing, only cement mortar is

used
3. Done only at the outside part

outside
4. More materials are needed

4. Less materials are needed

5. The surface becomes plain

5. The surface is not plain like plaster

6. Not possible to see the defects of

6. The masonry work can be seen fully

masonry
7. Plaster can be applied to all brick
surface.

7. Pointing only can be done to first

class brick surface.