Topics: Building materials – Ceramic tile

Timber
Aggregates &
Concrete
Sand &
Mortar
Content List:
Ceramic Tiles, Timber, Cement – Aggregates and Concrete

Skills Addressed:
Reading, Questioning, Drawing mind map, Summarizing, Discussion, Drawing
Diagram, Expressing orally and in writing

Objectives:
Students will be able to understand the characteristics of ceramic tiles and
timber. They will acquire knowledge on the various types of cement and
concrete and their real world applications

Alpha Breathing : (2 Mins)

The three steps for alpha breathing are
Breathe in
Breathe out
Hold
(Repeat the three steps for 8 times)
Evocation : (5 mins )
Tiles, Timber, Cement and Concrete
 Ceramic tile is tile made of clay.

http://nitco.in/About-Nitco/Alibaug-
Factory.aspx

Characteristics and Uses

Properties
colour & odour: Teak - golden yellow shade, pine - show
light colours
Specific gravity: Sp. Gravity is always <1.

Moisture content:

Absorb moisture more than 2-2.5 times its own weight

Moisture content of 12-15%
Grain: parallel to the length

Swelling & Shrinkage:

The newly cut wood undergoes shrinkage when dried

Undergoes swelling when getting soaked in rainfall
Uses
Types
Cement is a mixture of burnt (Fused1200oC) calcareous
& argillaceous materials pulverized to a fine powder.

Types

1.Rapid hardening cement

2.Sulphate resisting cement
3.Low heat cement
4.Quick setting cement
5.Portland pozzolana cement
6.Air entraining cement
7.Masonry cement
8.Expansive cement
9.Coloured cement
10.White cement
11.High strength cement
 28 days characteristics strength

33 grade –General Construction like plastering, finishing works

etc, wherehih strenth is not reuired.

43 grade –Useful for structural works, precast items etc, Strength

development is faster than 33 grade.

53 grade–Used for multistory buildings, precast prestressed items,

bridges, tall structures. Develops very fast strength and speeds up
construction
.
23 and 63 and 73 grades also available
 53 Grade cement
Sizes : 50 Kgs Bag
Price Range : Rs 300 - Rs 350
RCC discharged from a transit mixer truck
The "Paving Train"
to a dumptruck prior to transporation.

10-ton roller in action, taking care of the Roller compacting the fresh joint.
compaction.
Properties of Cement
• It should be uniform in colour
• Feel cool when touched
• Free from lumps
• Cement mortar should have a compressive strength of 11.5
N/mm2 and tensile strength of 2N/mm2 at the age of 3 days.
• At the age of 7 days compressive strength should be 17.5
N/mm2 & tensile strength not should be < 2.5 N/mm2
• % of alumina / % of iron oxide should not be less than 0.66
• When ignited should not lose 4% of its weight.
• Sulphur content should not be > 1.5%
• Weight of magnesia should not exceed 5%
• Specific surface should not be less than 2250 mm2/gm
• Initial setting time should be < 30 minutes & final setting
time shall be around 10 Hours Expansion should not be > 10
mm
Uses
1.Cement mortar, a mixture of cement and sand, is
used for masonry work, plastering, pointing and
joints of pipes etc.
2.Cement is the binding materials in concrete used
for laying floors, roofs, beams, slab, lintel etc.,
3.Construction of structures such as bridge, dam,
tunnels, docks etc.
4.The manufacturing of precast piles, pipes, flower
pots etc.
5.White and coloured cements are used for
imparting coloured finishes to the floors, roofs,
panels and exterior surfaces of buildings.
6.Used for repair woks.
• Occupy 70-75% of the total volume of concrete
• Defined as an inert mineral filler for OPC

Coarse aggregate

Fine aggregate
Classification based on size
Coarse aggregate e.g. Gravel – 4.76mm or more

Fine aggregate e.g. sand – less than 4.76mm

Silt – varies from 0.02mm – 0.06mm

Clay – much finer than 0.02mm
1. Clean, hard and Durable
2. Free from chemicals
3. Free from clay, silt and fine dust
4. Well graded

5. Size ranging from 0.15 mm to 4.75 mm

1. Making mortar and concrete

2. Basement filling
3. Used for road construction
4. Prevents cracking, shrinkage of mortar
 Mixture of cement, sand, broken stone and water
Cement - Binding material
Sand - Fine Aggregate
Stone - Coarse Aggregate

Plain cement concrete Reinforced cement concrete

1. Ideally should be chemically inert, durable, hard & tough
2. Should be capable of being compacted to the appropriate density
3. Well graded (Should not be same size and shape)
4. Provide good bonding with the cement paste
5. Free from Soluble salts: Clay & silt – Not permitted
6. Not permitted weak – lower the strength of the concrete
7. Stockpiles of loosely packed aggregates contain large volumes of
air trapped between particles, usually many times that of the
volume of air present within the particles – ‘Bulking’
8. Coarse aggregates – 30-50% of total space occupied
9. Fine aggregate – approx 20% - varies with moisture content
 It has high compressive strength
 Free from corrosion
 Hardens with age
 Steel reinforcement is placed to take up tensile stress
 Shrinkage occurs when it hardens
 It is porous due to the presence of voids
 Has hard surface to resist abrasion.
Mixture of cement, sand and water
Cement - Binding materials
Sand - Fine Aggregates

1. Good binding with brick and stone

2. Hold design stress
3. Easily workable
4. Crack free
Brain Activation: (2 mins)
Solving puzzles
Sample:
What occurs once in every minute, twice in every moment, yet
never in a thousand years?
  

Ans: the letter “m”

Survey and Reading by students: (15-18 mins)
Sample questions:
1.List the characteristics of ceramic tiles.
2.Compare and contrast the soft timber and hard timber.
3.List out the characteristics of good cement.
4.Explain in detail the various types of concrete.
Explain the real world application of various types of
cement
Text Book
Title of the Book/Author Basic Civil Engineering,
Palanichamy M S, Tata McGraw Hill, 2011.

Page No. From: 11.13 To: 11.18

Discussion: ( 9 mins)
1.Ceramic tiles – uses and characteristics
2.Timber – types and characteristics
3.Cement – basic composition, types and
applications
4.Concrete – types and characteristics
Mind Map: (5-7 mins)

Application All constructions

Summary: (5 mins)
Ceramic Tiles
•Water absorption
•Durability
•Not affected by oxygen
•Abrasion resistance
•Impact resistance
•Breaking strength
•Chemical resistance - resistant to almost all acids, alkalies,
Timber
•Used for doors & windows, roofing materials, etc.,
•For formwork of cement concrete, scaffolding, etc.,
•For making railway coach wagons.
•For making furniture, agricultural, musical instruments and
sports goods.
•For making railway sleepers, packing cases, etc.,
•Used for temporary bridges & boat construction
Cement
•Quick setting cement
•Low heat cement
•High alumina cement
•Expanding cement
•Rapid hardening cement
•Acid resistant cement
•Sulphate resisting cement
•White cement
•Coloured cement
•Portland puzzolana cement
Aggregates
•Coarse Aggregate
•Fine aggregate
Concrete
•It has high compressive strength.
• Free from corrosion
• Hardens with age
• Steel reinforcement is placed to take up tensile
stress (RCC)
• Shrinkage occurs when it hardens
• It is porous due to the presence of voids
Has hard surface to resist abrasion.
Gazing/Rote memory: (2 mins)
A long and fixed look at the Mind map by the students
before doing the presentation.
Assessment:
Presentation on
Ceramic tiles – characteristics
Types of
Timber
Aggregate
Cement and
Concrete
Learning outcomes:
By Learning this topic student will be able to understand
the usage of ceramic tiles and timber in construction
process. They will apply their knowledge on different
types of cement and concrete for a present real life
situation.