I

---
Ram:

Hi Shyam and Prem, well met

You are talking
about the college day perhaps.
College Day
- well met
conversation
practise
Shyam: Yea, about the item we want to
present.

at: 'at'

---- -- --o-. p-C l.

(--- ).

(O
-J-* x= ----o-d-o?

- *--C.
)

Ram:

(. V v-Jz--
J*)
And what's that going to be? (
v-Jz----o?)

Prem: We are yet to take a decision about

it.
Ram:

(E -J-* Eg BLq C)

OK. O, that reminds me. There will

be a talk on 'Decision Making' by
Prof. Nischai tomorrow at 6 at college. Are you coming?
reminds me =

(, hh*a x*aC.
-p- ---- 'od h*aC, E E-C English. O conversation . J- 'Eg-v -J-* Prof. Ea-x----o college . -Oh-o?)

Sekhar: How good are you at Telugu?

(O - a?)

Sanjeev: Just give me some time. I will be

as good at it as you are.
time

(\h
y. F
x--)
I am poor at Hindi ( C )

Sekhar:
Sanjeev: I am quick at picking up languages

(- y h)
- -- -.

a) He is good at giving such talks.

b) Our Principal is good at picking such
experts.
good at
Poor at Maths Maths
Quick at understanding

j N L--.
.

y n ----. x
, u y 'at' .
a) - -- N- u h
He is slow at doing things.

(
.
- N--O
x-)

Just as our Principal is good at picking such experts.

Principal
Shyam: That's true.
Prem: You are right.
prepositions about, on, at

( E--
-
-)

j --
-E- . --C ,
about J* E. About the book =
h-Eo J*.
a) Eo - -J-* paper C
We read about him in the paper.
b)
school days

x -x
--o

J* x-

They talked about their school days.

c)

E -J--* h-

I do not remember any thing about it.

on:
on
He is going to talk on decision making

l, u N-- -J--*
-p- .

a)

Eg vv -J--*.
v-y--u-Eo -J--* u C
It is essay on our democracy.

b)

j t--u- -J--* E-C C

It is a report on farmers suicides.

-v-o: Direct -*

Indirect speech
Interoggative sentence
if
whether
if
whether
Synthesis of sentences (sothat/ neither nor, not only but also)

L?
----.

a--
hC. E p
p - L-

-T- -l-- -N--J---.

.--_-v-,
N--
---: Direct * Indirect speech
Ja--p, (Interrogative sentences
) if , whether .
Synthesis of sentences -J-*
N-Jh.

conversaSushma: Doesn't matter.

tions
I am at
pronunleisure. (at leisure
ciation:
measure
pleasure
What do you
want?
Sumana: You are good at English, Please
explain this lesson.
Sushma: I am good at English, but I am not
so good at explaining.

(D O
---)
-S;
-.
,
).

the temple supervising some repairs.

( - --}-. V v-
. vA v- h. x
Engineer friend \ o.)

Dad: Your mother needs some medicines.

Perhaps the shop is open now.
Shop

(t L.
-?)

Amar: That shop is my friends. He opens

shop quite early. I think it is open

talking about..

Shyam and
Prem:
Oh, sure. No missing it. Prof.
Nischai is very good at giving
such talks. We will certainly
make it.
miss

Ram:

--C 2 -d- 2005

-x--- 54
Maths
He is hopeless at Maths.
c)
grammar
He is bad at grammar.
d)
She is the best of all of us at singing.
Now practise the following aloud in
English:
Sushma: Hi, Sumana,
Sumana:
busy
Sushma:
b)

E--

--J Cd

a?
y
o-N-p?
y-. -S- o, L
p?
Sumana: F English -a . lesson h explain -.
Sushma: English --a. -E
Explain -- p-.
Sumana: n ----- h slow.
teacher - fast hC.
classmates --C y
a---.
Sushma: OK. v-Aoh. l
--.
b) Pavan: O -J-* F ?
Prakash: movie -J-* y--?
Pavan: -- p- ---o movie
J*
Prakash: C --- N-F-AE J*
-.
Pavan: p h-*aC. Eo paper
Eo -J--* l u
C. Eo lines
*vEo
-J--* --o.
Prakash: C u. E -
- Nx-- - L-N--. (Nx- analysis)
Pavan: u N--E-h, vA centre page articles Fo
. Fo -----J- .
Answers
Sushma: Hi Sumana, What brings you
here?
conversational expression.
conversation

(C
C O
)

Sumana: How busy are you now?

Sumana: I am a little
slow at understanding
things.
Our
teacher is fast.
Many of my
classmates
are quick at
M. SURESAN
learning.
Sushma: OK I'll try. Let us see how good I
am at it.
b) Pavan: What do you know about the
movie?
Prakash: What movie are you talking
about?
Pavan:
The one showing at Navrang.
(Showing
The movie is
now showing at the theatre.
'run'
The movie ran for a hundred days)
Prakash: I think its (it is) a movie about
corruption in politics.
Pavan:
Yes, that reminds me. I read an
article in the paper on the same
topic yesterday.
magazines
articles
There were some lines
in it about this movie.
Prakash: I read it too. The writer is very
clever at this kind of analysis.
Pavan:
Talking about articles,
talking about/ coming to) all
the centre page articles in the
paper are good. The trouble is, all
of them are on politics.

-.

E -
.

(vA--,
u-
)

(N--E-

Amar: Dad, I am starting for college. When

will you be there?
college

(
\?)

ho. O-p--

Dad: You mean, at the college?

college
You know, mother is
going to hospital. I am taking her
there; after coming back from the
hospital I will see you at the college.
hospital
Hospital
college
Where is Arun?
Amar: He has gone to temple. You know
today is friday. Every friday he goes
to temple. His engineer friend is at

(y--,

?)

(t

----C .
*
B---o.
-h.)
*a- y
( \?)

now.

( shop friend C.
y- Bh. p J --)
j -- -E-*C
, -s 'the' -,
-s 'the' ----. J-nA
u v- hC.
Eo v- vu- Eo ---
J-N- . School, college, institution N Nu-u--E, Nu -
(learning and teaching) J-N, vu.
hospital, clinic, nursing home N
ju -E, ju --E vu.
temples, churches, mosques (masjids)

N -, --, vn-- vu
v-. v-/ n vu --
vh-N-h-o-p 'the' .
I

A
Students/
lecturers/
professors...

go to
are at

B
school, college,
university etc.

A p x- B p x
vu - h d,
school, college, etc 'the' . N-x, schools, colleges, etc --
--Ex, go to/ are at the school/

college etc.
A student goes to college/ their parents go
to the college.
(to meet the principal, pay the fees, etc)
II
(devotees),
They go to temple/ to church/ to
mosque, etc.
the engineer is at the
temple to supervise some repairs
.

h
---.

- -vn- -n-

- --,

--o
(-\ -}- )

III Doctors, nurses, patients go to hospital.

hospital
hospital
'the'
Amar's
father, after returning from the hospital
patient
doctor
A patient is at hospital. Their friends and relatives go to the hospital to see.
business persons
open
shop, close shop, are at shop.
go to
the shop, are at the shop.
Karun: What's your brother, Kesav?
brother
Keshav: He goes to college.
college student
'He goes to college'

Ox--J

E d,
. - --

o . \-
-}--- E .
-

-N---
--j-

(O

h- --?)

( -
. D-E-
--E N p-).

o-

---
Aravind: When are you starting for college?
(College

-p- -l-

-o?)
Bhanu: Why, as usual at 9.

(? - Nt-C-)
Aravind: But yesterday you left even at 8.

(E Eo y E-N-C -l . Even at 8= at 8 itself =

E-N-C-)
Bhanu: No, I started at 8, but it was not for
college. I went to Suman's and
from there, we two set out for college at 8.45.

Praphul: Too many visitors for you

(F a-x K -\-)
3) For -l--, -}-, --- (prepare), - - (ready)
E -L verbs \ hC. j -
a) start for, leave for, set out for (Eo-
n -l-- -)
Delhi -l-- / --x
leave for Delhi (setout for Delhi)
b) prepare for the match; be ready for the

Aravind: Have you sent for Bharat yet?

( /
d?)

b) The names of things unique of their kind

match; practise for the match

4) Famous, well known, known,

(--C/
v-Cl--C, etc) y 'for' -h-C.

E-N-C- -l-JC, college

. . \-o* L
college -l)
set out= -l-- conversation
.

-- 4 -d- 2005

j- A C h
--)

c) The names of rivers, seas, oceans,

Notorious for.

ranges of mountains, groups of islands,

Practise the following:

- thanks

countries formed by groups of states.

(for )
Subha: y N -x --.
\--* N?

[Imp: No 'the' before the name of a single

Subha: (over phone) Hi Sobha,

Sobha:

mountain/ single island]

d) Designations and offices (No 'the' before

What for?..
Bhanu : What for?
for what
Aravind : Have you forgotten? We have got
to practise for the match next
week.
Match practise
Bhanu : He is in Chennai for his cousin's
wedding. I'll (I will) call him today
and tell him that we should prepare for the match.

designations

(? -u
E )

(--*---? a-

-L ?)

(x cousin R} j o --}.
phone match ready
Lq E h)
Aravind: Tell him to start early. He is known
for his game but notorious for his
lack of time sense.

(y t. Game -E C. -- Time sense =

punctuality = - -- F
C.)
Notorious=-J- \---L
= - x, -
-. a notorious murderer=
C -. Famous actor =
v-l )
j -- for .
1) uC (period of
time) for hC for 10 minutes
(10 E-N-), for an hour (), for 3
years (-x) etc.
2) 'for' u -- , l-P-*
n-.
j --
a) Send for Bharat = -- /--
b) what for? = - /- -
c) for the match = match /match
(l)

N-- *. N-- v-Cl-

, T--Lx - (
varieties)

Delhi
Dad bought this dress for me in Delhi.

f)

/ - l-P-*)
h - =

o =
(

This book is for

Ramesh.
g) Praphul: some one has come for you.

(-F - a.)
Prasanth: for me? at this hour?

(-? -i?)

thereafter the name

of the person)

j--- --p ----o? (Start .)

Sobha: j--? ?
Subha: v-V---E.
Sobha: o vA h-o.
AJ--*a--y j--
A -*-h. (Leave ).
t -J C .
Subha: y h F V- --E J.

M. SURESAN

lowed by 'then'.

p -:
Manohar: Good morning Mahesh, why are
you up so early?

( y
Ev ? Up \ Ev---.
simple .
Conversation ).
Mahesh: I get up (am up) by this time
every day. I go for a morning walk

(-p time * -h).

Answer:
Shubha: (over phone) Hi Sobha, Thanks a

Manohar: Walking is good. The longer you

walk the stronger you are.

lot.
Shubha: For sending me mangoes. Where

Mahesh: That's true. But my classmate

Sudheer walks 6 kms every morn-

are they from?

Sobha: From

h )

Sobha: What for?

Vijayawada.

You

know

Vijayawada is famous for the two

varieties.

Rasaalu

and

Banginapalli.
Shubha: Then when are you starting for
Hyderabad?
Sobha: Hyderabad, what for?
Subha: To spend a few days with me/
Sobha: Dad is leaving for Mumbai tonight.

walk, the more active you are.

d)

h \--Dl L \ =

classmate
Sudheer W 6 Kms -h.
College N-)
Manohar: Why so? (-E?)
Mahesh: He is as tall as Amitab (N-
)
our College. (

No.2:

uh x , - h,
, x (proper nouns) , the .
\ The Amitab, The Sharook Khan
-o x-E u-i -J , x Jx*a, E 'the'
.
1) 21 -l D

p---\o?
- Hollywood -.
Krishna: Mumbai ?
Kumar: . \ -o--Dl -E--*C. Mumbai.
Krishna: v%A u (Beauty of Nature)
- Qt. C -
Switzerland C. \ Dal q Boat trip -C.
\ --o ---E-hC.
b) Prabhat: Hi Prakash, C-
o?
Prakash: u a. family E -.
Prabhat: t-_?
Prakash: x -J-* -\
x- *C.
ANSWERS:
a) krishna: Hi Kumar, Where have you
been?
Kumar: I was in the Hollywood of india
Krishna: You mean Mumbai?
Kumar: Yes, the more I stayed there, the
more/ the longer I wanted to stay.
How beautiful Mumbai is.
Krishna: If you talk of the beauty of nature,

Manohar: And who is the Sharook Khan of

nothing to beat Kashmir (Kashmir

your class?

(O

class Sharook Khan

dC .
?)

Subha: If you come I want you to be here

for a week.

Mahesh: I haven't (have not) thought of it

of India. The boat trip in the Dal

(E -J-* ---*--)
- -Eo-x 'The' !
Khan.

-p-- Eo lessons 'the'

-J-* a-o N- v-:
We use the before
a) The names of great and holy books (The
Ramayanam, etc.)

lake is very pleasant. There too

the more you stay, the more you

The longer you walk, The stronger you are.

The Amitab of the College; The Sharook

Sobha: Ok.

No. 1:

h *C.
u- English p-p Comparatives
. -- -- 'the' p L.
a) E -F Dl --E--hC.
The more you see it, the more you wish to
see it.

Nothing to beat

Kashmir). That is the Switzerland

Only after he returns, do I think of

Hyderabad.

The higher

you climb, the colder it.

ing. And really he is the Amitab of

for spending a few days with me.

The more you

Kumar:

g) the comparative degree, when it is not fol-

Sobha: OK.

-*--Dl _ =

a) Krishna: Hi Kumar

singular, to talk of the

whole class

c)

Now Practise the Following:

of the adjective,

Subha:

d) for his cousin's marriage = cousin

Rx--/- -Rx
e) o v

and

f) the superlative degree

The more we eat,

He is the Gandhi of the 20th C.

e) before a countable
Sobha:

Ao-Dl -\ =
the fatter we become.

( D-J x -
o. DE ----h- E)
2) He is the Bhima of class - - class
H.

offices if you mention

-x--- 55

b)

(Unique =

want to stay.
b) Prabhat: Hi Prakash, you look sad
Prakash:

My Uncle has come he is the

Sakuni of our Family

Prabhat:

Is he so bad?

Prakash:

The less we talk about such

people, the better for us.

---
Charan: Hi Chandra, how are you?
Chandra: Fine Thanks, how are you?
Charan: Same here. Thanks. Congrats.
(Congrats = Congratulations

-vu----q -- -\ -- =
--G----)
Chandra: What on? (?)
Charan: On your fine performance in the
play yesterday.

(y Eo - -

-*--)
Performance - ---q - \-- = j, u
u-i N-Eo -
Performance in a play/ movie/
game/ as a leader =
performance
play=

-/ E/ -- J
J Ey-/ E-B.
x = - --;
n - C.

a)

F * \ a-o G-- = congratulations/ congrats on your

good marks.
Congratulations =

-j --j- -C-*-p-
-p-C. --E --- thanks h.
b) y Eo-j-- Congrats

Congrats on your election.

congrats
Congrats on your excellent action/ performance.
d) Congress
congrats. Congrats to congress on its excellent performance in the elections.
(Performance
2) Comment on: Comment
Comment
'on'.
a)
He always on comments on others.
make comments/ pass comments
c)

-*--

L*--

-E-)
uu
-/--G-v- L--a-.
y
p --- -J-* =
E
uu - n.

Chandra: Thank you.

Charan: Every one was commenting on
your action only. They were all
praise for you
Chandra: Oh, that's (that was nothing).
Thanks any way. How's your
practice of cricket going? Hope
you will be on the college team for
the finals. (
thanks.
cricket practice
College finals team

-----.

F
C?
y---E P-ho)

(-x ---o?)
Charan: (I am going to) spend some time
on bowling practice. (I) need to
improve my bowling.
bowling practice
bowling

(
L.
-----Lq - C)

Chandra: Ok, then. Good luck, bye.

(, F %d --E J,
h-J)
Charan: Bye

j -- preposition 'on'
-E-.
1)
Congratulations
p--p,
v: What on?
: On your fine performance.
2)
3)
4)
5)

commenting on
on the college team
depends on
spend time on
preposition 'on'
1) Congratulations (Congrats
On.

Eo -s.
E
) y p

-x--- 56
b)

----p- -- -J-* uu-E--

He never comments/ makes comments/

passes comments on others.
c)
performance

-
-J-* uu -. -E - -E - h -C vo.

It's (It is) easy to comment/ pass comments/ make comments on others' performance but how well we do a thing is the
question.
3) On the team. team
(in
English
on
on the list;
on the rolls,
on the premises;
on the campus, etc.
a)
team
We do not take you on the team.
b)
His name is first on the list.
c)
I do not allow such things on my premises.
d)
College
It did not happen on the campus.
4) Depend on =
common.
depend =

. -- n)
-o. - '
hC. G-
--x
d =
=
--=
Nu- - =
Eo
a
G- -- -C

-- E--N t-A-
- --

C
----. C
E/ JO ----
. English . Depend
y p 'on'.

-v-o: Home, House, Residence - Home, house nx --N? OE p-p --T- N-J---.
-C v-tu,
*-M-o
----: I. Home- ,
u- E x home. -j
J Lx--v-, o--t, \--x-x C
home. -u home
- -sx my,
your, his, her, etc. --\-.

I am going home
(to my home
He went home an hour ago
(His home

--h-o.

v --x.

--N- -?

J E -J-* x-o x x,

home.
Home
My home is Nellore.
He left his books at home
books
3) Home =
His home is England.
4) Home =
Minister for home affairs.

yn n - C.
yn x.

() -x C--.
.
Q.
(Q -_ u- vA)
5) at home and abroad = y-, N-x.
6) Old age Home, Home for the blind-
x 'v.
II. House = -j house .
He bought a house last year

-\--)

vA--E x \ O ----
He depends on his sister for every thing.

b)

{Eo d

Crops depend on rains.

c)

Fo s--d ?

Everything depends on money.

d)

N v d ---C

Success depends on hard work.

5) Spend on:

a)

Mohan:

- -x d O \
s, \ time % h. - \ time --.

Girija and
Sailaja:
b) Lakshman:
Madhu:

y O comments h-od.
p -l-?
F O -- -C.
y-p ready p.

on the campus..

Charan: Not so bad. Every thing depends

on my game in the first two
matches.
Chandra: And what are you going to do during the vacation?

--C 9 -d- 2005

-q x o.

Lakshman:

u.
Spend =

a--d-.
-- (V,
)
a) -O
a d

M. SURESAN

He has spent a lot

(of money) on the house.
b)

W u h
I spend two hours (every day) on exercise.

c)

practice

He spent the whole of last week on practice.

d)

E p d- \ a -
Anil spends a lot (of money) on clothes.

Spend
on.
e) TV

on

time

waste

% h

He wastes time on the TV/watching the TV.

f)

friends

time

% h

He wastes time/ a lot of time on friends.

Now practise the following in English:
a) Girija:

dress d o?
)
Sailaja: 2500 -. hC ?
Girija: F 400 - E O %
-. - 2000 -- d.
Sailaja: F dC selection . (spend, I )

y
(Spend

She has two houses in Hyderabad, and one

in Vijayawada =
But She lives in
Guntur. Her home there is very close to the station =
Guntur
House
business house,
The House of Tatas-

j--- x, N-- x -o.

C v
. x
,
(E) x.
-sx u
E n .
III. Residence: C - formal. Phone
numbers, address N p--p
. Residence phone no; Residential
address (office phone no; office address
Go). \- home phone no.,/ address
-a.
- uh E-- Residence
The Prime Minister's residence,
The governor's residence, etc.

late y--.
x G- * o.
x L--p- .
Madhu:
--E
--h-o?
Lakshman: F -*a. E congrats.
J - A M.
Lakshmi: selections \ -- o?
Lakshman: College campus .
Answers:
a) Girija: How much did you spend on the
dress?
Sailaja: I spent Rs. 2500/- on it. Isn't (is not)
it worth so much?
(worth =
is worth =

N;
N -
- N - / ---- = Worth/ not worth. The movie

is not worth half the price of the ticket =

E ticket d s- -
. Waste.

Girija: I think you wasted at least Rs. 400.

I won't (will not) spend more than
Rs. 2000/- on it.
Sailaja: I spent at least two hours on that
selection.
Mohan: Generally women waste a lot (of
money), a lot more of time, on
dresses, and still more on make up
(still =
Girija and
Sailaja: Just as you are commenting on us.
b) Lakshman: When shall we start?
Madhu:
(Everything) depends on you,
whenever you are ready.
Lakshman: Doesn't matter if we are late.
Doesn't (does not) matter =
Conversation
practise
Our names are the last on the
list. We shall be able to reach by
the time our turn comes.
Madhu:
Who else
is coming to
be on the team?
Lakshman: Your selection is definite
Congrats on that. I
don't know about my position
(position =
Lakshmi: Where are the selections?
Lakshman: On our college campus.

).

y-.
.

(-)

(*a).

J-n-A/ --A)

---
Sheriff: Peter, Who are you waiting for?

His parents are waiting for their daugh-

J h-o?

ter's marriage. Once that is over, they will

Peter: For sagar. I've (I have) asked him

for some information and a few
books.

marry him off.

d)

. o -,
Eo h- -.
Sheriff: You have waited for an hour now.
He hasn't even phoned you.

y E h-o
. F Phone - J.
Peter: I am sure he will come. Any way,
let's hope for the best. I need the
books badly.

h- t. -i
Pl. h-
-.
(need badly = -)

-- 11 -d- 2005

--hC. --E wait

-.
I'm (I am) very hungry. I am not able to
wait for the meal any more.
Wait for = await.

await
vC. conversation wait for .
2) Ask for: -J-j j -
a) o -. -.

a) I am looking for a good book on Spoken

I asked (him) for his help. But he did not

Spoken English O * h
h-o. ---o.

help me.
b)

o Eo h- -TC

b) What are you looking for?

-x--- 57

-- h? p-
C ?

E- h-o/ ---o?
c) -- \ E. C
College } time
No use looking for him here. It's the time
for his college.

Have you a pen?

Practise the following:
Peter: I told him to be here for dinner. So
I'm sure he will come in a few minutes. Ah, look, here he comes. Hi,
Sagar, why the delay?

--E t-o E. d q- a-h- t C.

C -x a-. ,
--u?
Sagar: Looking for an auto took all my time.

h-o--x -u-iC.
j -- preposition 'for' E-.1) Waiting for 2) asked for 3) hope for
4) time for 5) look for. --C-- for -o
n, -- Eo .
English \ o prepositions
for . -E E -- J -E conversation conversation effective C.
1. Wait for: J , h, -
* .
Wait for me, please

She asked her friend to

wait

M. SURESAN

-E -TC.
They asked me why I was there

-\ --o-E x o--.
j -sx ask y for .
3) hope for: E-j- P--. hope y
for -.
a) * --- Pl. let's (let us)
hope for the best.

b) They hope for an early appointment.

y u h-E P-h-o.
hope y 'that' begin u
h for .
4) time for:

---E

We are waiting for the train

c)

Eo vo -.

c) He hopes that he will get the job

h ?
a) Train ho
b) Exams

questions

Common.

E-j

time for

time

a-C/C
. C

a) It's time for dinner (Dinner time

C)

Let's wait for the exams to be over

b) Time has come for us to leave

(Let's wait till the exams are over)

-l--Lq time C
time for breakfast, for dinner, etc.
5) Look for: --

Lx--v x-t Rx E o. - -h.

-v-o: Below, beneath J-i n- L,

E -s-; -- Famous,
Popular J-i n- L, E
-s- N-J-.
.-Q-%g, -, - ->-x
---: Below, beneath -y- N-Jh.
Famous v -Cl--\, vuA C.
v-F- -C L-, --C NE o
E.
Abdul Kalam is a famous scientist = v Cl
C Y-h --C, Y --E
x - ---- -J-* -J-* NE
o E.

-J- h-o?
Suresh: College bus .
Suman: Ng h-o.
o s -.
Suresh: -\ -Lq time C.
h- EN--.
Suman: x o Vx
s h-o. (Wait
)
Suresh: job apply --d-o.
Next week orders h-E P-ho.
Answer:
Suman: Who are you waiting for?

Charan: Assignment?
Chakri:
Charan:

. Physics chapter O.
\ pen -. \ shop
j refill a---a/ ---C.
- thanks.

Answers:
a) Sarat: Have you read the book on the
table?
Samrat: What's the book on?
Sarat:

It's (It is) on an important event/

episode in World War II. This is one
of the best books on the subject.

Samrat: Who is the Writer?

Sarat:

He was also a soldier. Name, John

stall.

Samrat: Is it such a great book?

Sarat:

The more you read it, the more you

feel like reading it. Reading it is a

Suresh: For the college bus.

Suman: I am waiting for Vishnu. He has
asked me for some money.
Suresh: (It is) time for him to be here.
Perhaps he will be here in a few
minutes.
Suman: He is waiting for the money his dad
will send him in two or three days.
Suresh: He has applied for a job. He hopes
for the orders next week.
2)

CN a/ an, the -C-*-N.

Practise .
a) Sarat: table O o h C-?
Samrat: E -C-* h C?
Sarat: v l- E u-i
- J*. O h- C best.

Famous.. Popular..

John stall.

E p h?
Sarat: FC C-N--Dl ---E--hC.
Eo -- - -j -
(-j = rare)
b) Chakri: F _ pen ?
Charan: C. F ?
Chakri:
pen refill --C.
Assignment complete - .

Chakri:

Suman:

vo -
n, E n ask y
for .
--: I asked him a few

Sarat:

- ?
(- = author/ writer)
- jE-. -

Samrat:

She asked him for some books.

Sheriff: How long more are you going to

wait? It's already time for dinner.

Samrat:

English

--?

popular v-G- E. famous op L, NE --E vu \. 'popular' -*---JE _-E C-* v G--E--, d---. v-Cl--\-x/ x d-E-, p,
\. Popular uh- d--,
x- -J-* x L----a
A famous movie star - v -Cl--\ E-- E-- -J-* L-E/ interest E x
-/- - -J-* .

rare experience.
b) Chakri: Have you a pen?
Charan: I have. Do you want it?
Chakri: My refill is/ has gone dry (has run
out of ink - is dry/ has gone dry -

ink

--C =

run out of

ink). I have not (haven't) completed

my assignment.
Charan: Assignment?
Chakri: Yes. It's on a chapter in Physics.
Charan: I need the pen too. You get a refill
in any of the shops here. (Refills
are available in any of the shops
here.)
Chakri: Thank you for the advice.

A popular movie star- v-G- C

E-- -J-* L---x, E- x d- .
cinema star, famous, popular a.
- *v p actor -J-* Lh
x famous. *v p--,
G--E--x popular stars.
A famous song - a- .
A popular song- G--E, Cl
'mass' song E.
Tendulkar is a famous cricketer- \ popular
.

---
Anil:

Hi, Trishal, where were you last

evening?

(Eo v \--o?)
Trishal: Most of the time at home.

(Eo \ x o)
Why, what's the matter?
But Sunil told me he had seen you
going somewhere

(
E

-y-\-
p)

:
b) By the time I reached the station, the train
had left.
station
train
Train
station
the train had left.

--J,
R}-R}--- ,
C.
- y, d

c) My uncle too had waited for me for ten

minutes -

( N?)
Anil:

h---

Sunil

Trishal: He seen me on my way to the station to receive my uncle. But by the

time I reached the station the train
had left. My uncle too had waited for
me for 10 minutes. Seeing that I
had not come, he started for home
on his own.

( uncle station ho-p . station

--}-J train --*a --R}--C.
uncle 10 EN-
-l-)

10 EN- , y
-l-, had waited - had + pp
d) Seeing that I had not come -E
, he started for home. ---,
earlier past action, d had come - had
+ past participle.

-L---h-C .J-T
\- -o u N:

had + past participle always expresses the

earlier of two past actions.

I wanted that book on computers

from you.

( _ C-p, v-V E o library -a.)

j ---E verbs: had seen, had left,
had waited, had come, had kept Fo
had + past participle form o .
-- form of verb lessons -. verb form: had + past
participle. Do past perfect tense .
DE --- l:
a) Sunil told me he had seen you. \ two
past actions ( J-T --
Sunil Eo -, N
p-) o. ,
y. Sunil, Trishal --
, N Anil p y
. \ J-T E Sunil,
Trishal -, had seen had + past
participle form - -E- L
. past actions
, y J-T, J-T
past action p had + past participle
form C.

-J- --
--- - L-.

,
--,

-
- C).
o

verbs: had been (be

form -

computer book

Trishal: I am sorry, I don't have it. I had kept

it for only two days till the day
before when I returned it to the
library.

a) The Moghuls had ruled India before the

British ruled it (British
had ruled,
ruled).
b) India had been under Moghul rule before
it was under British rule (British
Moghul
lesson

-x--- 58
a)

pass

u-E p.

He told me that he had passed. (pass

- , p- y . d
J past action, had + passed (had +
pp)

N--
o N-Eo
hC), had + pp
(action - JT x
EE -L- M. SURESAN
)
a) u v-G-- teacher
- = He had been a teacher before

-C-* 'be' form had been.

--, 'be' form p --Eo
-C.
C - a:

he started business.
b) Lawyer
practice
railways
He had worked/ He
had been
in the railways before
he started practising as a lawyer.
c)
sisters
unmarried
He had been unmarried
until his sisters got married.

a) NTR had acted in movies before he

Now practise the following in English.

b)

R}

teacher

E--C.

She had worked as teacher before she

got married.
had + pp

entered politics (politics

- v-P
, E-x -. -- -C
action (u). J-T past action
d, had acted - had + past participle)
b) NTR had been an actor before he was a
CM (CM

, actor o).
\- verbs had been, was.
'be' forms . -, he was a CM (-p) CM (p -).
-- actor - d had been an
actor.

v-G- -
E =
(o)

x
R} u---
o =

a) Lakshmi: Hi Ajitha

p AJ--a? O
Eo phone h O
t Ny -E pC.
Ajitha:
. y phone -
y .
N?
Lakshmi: M j * Eo < aE pC Eo. Rx
l?
Ajitha:
p- - a--E o
pC .

-v-o: 1) Would you come please?

tense

- N? would - past tense of will

-. \ would, could --T-?

2) Could

2) Sell this vehicle off (Active Voice),

What does she want (Active Voice).

-O-E Passive Voice

N- N-J---.
3) The function went off well n L--h, went off
n \, h----x --- L----.
-u,
-.

---:

-J-* y ---. could

C, 'would you come please' o
\ u * request. would you come,

Pratap:
Pramod:

-J?

exchange

bike h bike
o-E p.

Answers:
a) Lakshmi: Hi Ajitha, when did you return?
When I phoned yesterday your
mother told me you had not
returned yet.
Ajitha:
That's right. I arrived half an hour
after you had phone. What's the
matter?
Lakshmi: Leela told me yesterday she had
brought some sarees from
Mumbai. How about seeing
them?
Ajitha:
She told me the day before she
had given away most of them.
Lakshmi: Still some more are there. Let's go
and see.
b) Pratap: Prasanth told me that you had
bought a bike. I think, the day
before (yesterday).
Pramod: Not yet. I think of buying one.
Pratap: (Are you) buying your cousin's
bike?
Pramod: No. Only yesterday I came to know
he had sold it off.
Pratap: Who to?
Pramod: He told me he had exchanged his
old bike for a new one.

-v-o: English Newspapers Headlines -Fo simple present

Could you come please?

1) would, should, could

you come please?

Eo o. -R}
l .
b) Pratap: Hi Pramod, y bike o-E
Prasanth p , o-.
Pramod: -. -E --o.
Pratap: O cousin bike -o?
Pramod: .
Eo L- C, C
t--E.

He had been an actor

But why did you want to see me?

(F _ *
B----o)

Lakshmi:

C a:

e) I had kept it for two days... when I

returned it to the library.
had
kept had + past participle (pp)
past action

( y o- ----o?)
Anil:

--C 16 -d- 2005

please

? C more formal (\ --v,

could ). -- J- E, -N
uh- request.
2) sell this vehicle off. DE passive voice Let this vehicle
be sold off.
What does she want

passive what is wanted by her.

Eo -s-x- p - sentences active
natural C.
3) went off well - J-TC E. - phrases
n oxford/ longman's * dictionaries , 'go'
.

---:
1)

h-E?--Fo J-T-- N- !
would difference --N-? ---E --
-sx use -a?
.--, --.

- --* question. English -o vu ~, historic

present. J-T--- present tense (simple) -. C newspaper headlines \.

Prime Minister Inaugurates the conference.

\ Inaugurates h-o-F , ---o-F

. --E. C English p-.
Here was I already late to the station. Just then my brother
comes with the news that I have forgotten my ticket.
comes

p-. effect -.
2) could, would -J-* N-- ---.

---
c) His mother told me that some one had

Sivaram: Hi Unni, what's new?

(--J --C.

Practice it in

your conversation)
Unni:

Have you seen Kiran of late?

- u o ?
(of late = lately = u)
Sivaram: No, yesterday I did go to Kiran's.
But by the time I reached there, he
had gone out. I missed him by
minutes.

. Eo R}- }. F
}-p- - -
R}-. --E -Eo -E-N-- -- miss u.
Unni:

stolen them.

T-L-- , p- y d
had stolen (had + pp)
d) She was sure that they had gone for
good.

N ----F - ---- -----E

t- C. - , d
had gone (had + pp)
had + pp

N- -E--Lq -ui
N- -o.

Why did you want to see him?

-x--- 59

--} -R}-?
Sivaram: He had promised to lend me the
CDs of some latest movies. So I
went to him to get them.

\Eo E- CDs h--o.

N a---E x.
Unni:

-- 18 -d- 2005

Let's go now and get them now.

p-R} a-- E?

a) had + pp

-, -
JT, x ,
y J-T--p v.
b) J-T EE vh-N---p
had + pp - .

Krishna: That means you applied for it last

Gopal:

y . --
-R}--.
Krishna: \ watchman ?
Gopal: - p Principal uo
classes Fo cancel -F, R}--E.
Krishna: y TC (Transfer certificate)
apply --p?
Gopal: Apply - E y p--E
.
Krishna: y last saturday apply
--o-.

Saturday
b) Sarat: Who are the police searching for?
(Police

x (Plural). Police = a
Policemen/
Police persons a.)

Police man. Plural

Karim: For the chitfund company director

Sarat: What happened?
Karim: He had collected money from all and
disappeared/ left town
Sarat: When did people know he had disappeared?
Karim: Just Yesterday. He had run the company for two years when he ran

They had gone for..

away. He had collected by then

Rs. 2 crore.
Sarat: When do people learn? A number of
chitfund companies had closed
shops even before this (happened).
Practise the following also:

Sivaram: No chance. His mom told me yesterday that some one had stolen
the suit case with the CDs in it. It
was to the police that he had gone
when I went there. He wanted to
report it to the police.
CDs
suit
case

- .
o
T-L- -E Eo
xt pC. Eoo \ R}--p R}C police
report y--E.

Unni:

Does he hope to get them back?

N ---
-?
Sivaram: I don't know. His mother was however sure that they had gone for
good.

J. xt v - t- C.
(For good = permanently = Jh/
y-. Practise it in your conversation)
Unni:

Really unfortunate.

Anil: I saw the movie, 'Nenodda Neeku?' on

the TV last night.

(Eo vA
'l F? E )

TV

Krishna: I have seen it too. What a bore!

( x. N!)
I saw it last Saturday, I think.
Anil
E
Eo-vA C

b) Sarat:

J o police
x?
Karim: Chit Company director .
Sarat: J-TC?
Karim: J _ s B-E J--
(J--= disappeared/ left
town)
Sarat:

past action, time

known saw
(past doing word)
Krishna

-E

E --o
C past action, time
not known - -E
M. SURESAN
\ have + pp. S}
last Saturday E time h-o d saw.
independent, single past actions
E , had+pp p- . j
L- past actions - past doing word; time
pE past action have+ pp/ has + pp.
-sEo d related past
actions, N sentences h p
had + pp -a.

- J---E p LC?
Karim: Eo. J----p- company
x -. p- x
- collect .
(Collect= )
Sarat: p - a-- ?
DE Chit Fund
Companies --f .
ANSWERS:

one there when you went there?

None. People (Every one) had left
the place.
Krishna: Wasn't (was not) the watchman
there?
Gopal:

He told me that the principal had

E -%-d- .
j -- --T-* verbs sets
: a) reached- had gone out; b) had

I went there at 4 PM. He had already gone.

cancelled all afternoon classes.

That was why all of them had gone

promised- went; c) told- had stolen; d) had

-\- --v -- -- }.
p- - R}--.
Practise the following aloud in English:

Krishna: When did you apply for the TC?

a) Krishna:

Gopal:

gone, went; d) was- had gone.

j verbs vA lesson
had + participle form o
verbs o . a) had gone out, b) had
promised, c) had stolen, d) had gone.

--J had + past

o verb p, the
earlier of two past actions ( J-T
- --x J-T Eo) h-E.
p j -- J-Eo ---:
participle (PP) form

a) By the time I reached his place he had

gone out.

\- --J - --R}--.
b) He had promised the CDs and I went
there to get them.
CD h--- , -}-
y d had promised.

Eo y-\-
j o?

-}-p-

p \-C?
(= Vehicle)
Kumar: Eo B-}.
Prasad: Mechanic - -Eo- p- Jh
repair ?
Kumar: Eo repairs Jh . p
* condition C.
Prasad: --o Eo-p?
Kumar: xo. - o salesman u *aC.
Prasad: -- -?
Kumar: Student. - job a time
h--.
Answer:
Prasad: Where is the vehicle (now)?
Kumar: Kiran has taken it home.

a) Krishna: Was there any one/ Was any

Gopal:

Prasad:

away.
I had applied for it before you told
me to.

Prasad: When did the mechanic complete

the repairs?
Kumar: Yesterday. It is now in good condition.
Prasad: Who is using it now?
Kumar: Kiran's elder brother. He got the job
of a salesman just the day before
(yesterday).
Prasad: What was he before that?
Kumar: He was a student. But he had not
completed his studies when he got
the job.

-v-o: "General" - DE pronunciation -- Dictionary *a Phonetic symbols d,

- make a mark / distinguish
! -- "G" - "e" ~ TV English News Caste , NE --(oneself).
h EE ' - --. --J --.
-v-o: 1) She goes to her friend's on sundays
"Get" pronunciation - -- ' -v-o: 1) "Would" Present , Past
2) She goes her friends on sundays.
?
Future -- .
- --- --C j--C?
. -, *o--x-f, j---
- -C* usage Jh
-v-o- -s-x -When, Why, What,
---.
---:
How - ---T----?
'g' y 'e' h ' --E
2) u-, -, -
---, x
rule O
. English
- -Tx-- ---? ' -
--:
-E J-i -Tx- C?
Pronunciation
p
-- -u-x 1- ) Correct; 2) Wrong.
-- rules \.
.v-u, -
English Questions: i) 'Wh' words
G y e h ' -,
--:
(What, When, Where, etc.,) -u
' - C,
1) Would - y- ---.
vo, ii) N E vo. 'Wh' -u
-* English *a--2) u- Warmth/ affection;
vox 'Wh' word - L.
Eo
d
C.
- affection; - attachment.

---
Pavan: How long can we be here?
Ravi:

---\ -?

Why? There's no hurry. We can be

here as long as we like. What's the
matter?

? - ---
- -. N?

Pavan: Then let's listen to this man. He is

saying some thing in Tamil. Can you
understand what he says?

Ravi:

h-oC N. N h-o. pC
y n ---?
I can, but only a little. He says he is a
palmist. He can read our palms and
tell us of our future.

(n --).
Palmist - h---vC-

- 20 -d- 2005

Mohan: He says you will soon be a minister

Ravi:
I, A minister!! It's sheer nonsense.
How can I be a Minister

vA!! - n E
N .
j -- look at the expressions- can

be, can understand, can read, can't (Cannot)

speak, cannot follow, can translate etc.
can
verbs
two
forms
1) can bebe form 2) can understand, can read, can speak, etc.
can + 1st Regular Doing Word (1st
RDW) form.
(Actions)
1. Can:
(ability)
verb.
(present)
(Future)
can
a) He can be here in ten minutes.

Fo

. N
( -) o ?
C
-Eo C.
Fo

N -
*-h.
--C -n uEo
L
vh
F, N-u
F --, -.
E p-
10 EN---x \ --.
(can be - be form --- ---C)

-x--- 60

e)

Prabha:

\p

She can't (cannot) come here now.

f)

*o N n -?

Can't you (can you not) understand this

simple thing?
Practise the following in English:
Prabha:
CM
(become

-L-T-...)
Prasanthi: . y CM --?
Prabha:
-- F t?

I can speak..

Come, Prasanthi, how can you

be so harsh/ unkind to me?
Prasanthi: How can you talk so much nonsense?
day to day situations
ulary/ expressions practise
Pronunciation)

vocab: (Prn:

1. get up -

Ev---
a F C h u)
o .
o , v o
o-p- Do- p .
-- -v-o a swim in

(wakeup
2. have/ take a bath (bathe -

the sea)
3. have/ take breakfast (Prn:

-v-d) -l

--.
u p-. h
N-u p----o--.
(Read the palm
h--)

Pavan: But how can we understand him? He

can't (can not) speak Telugu and we
can't follow his Tamil.

Ravi:

- --- n --C? - x--. E

Tamil n -. ?
Ah, here comes Mohan. He can
speak Tamil.
Mohan
Tamil

h-o. -

x--

-.

Mohan: What's going on?

Ravi:
Here's a Tamil Palmist. Can you
translate his tamil for us?
Tamil palmist.
Tamil

( --C?)

---

pC - p--?

Mohan: That's OK. Go on then.

(The Palmist studies Ravi's palm
and says some thing in Tamil Tamil

h)

b)

F-- - - E-\ -

I can be here as long as you like/ want.

c)

He cannot be (can't be) here for more than

an hour.
d)
President

-B --
-

Any Indian citizen can be the president.

e)

(- |)
F t y CM -

You cannot (can't) be a CM for your life

Fo (can be) be forms- --Eo -L--h.

2. can + 1st RDW - action.
a)
I can speak Hindi well.
b)
Tendulkar
Can he play like Tendulkar?
c)
subjects
What subjects can you teach?
d)
English
How well can you speak English?

C x---

--?

C---?

modal verbs Eo u A-
--o. - -u-x --- -N--J---.
1) a) They have to have gone there
b) They should have gone there
2) a) They have to have been there
b) They should have been there
3) a) The book was to have been sent to Madras
b) The book should been sent to Madras
4) a) You have to have your car painted green
b) You should have painted your car green
5) a) She was to have taken that bus
b) She must/ should have taken that bus

x---?

v
x--.
Prabha:
y M. SURESAN
N-
J --? (harsh/
unkind - J--i)
Prasanthi: y nonsense
x---?

Answer:
Prabha: If I can become the C.M..
Prasanthi: Wait. How can you become the
CM?
Prabha:
Are you sure (that) I can't (cannot) be the CM?
Prasanthi: I don't (do not) know if you can
become the CM or not; but you
can certainly talk a lot of nonsense.

3 a) Book, Madras

--Lq-.
(F - -L)
C clear --L- sentence .
b) - should been sent , should have been sent
- correct. p n. h ---Lq F
---.
4 a) O car green paint * -LqC.
( - , sentence clear -)
b) O car green paint -LqC.
( -, O. colour paint )

.
.----, o

1 a) They have to have gone there

x\ R} -LqC, } -L-.

b) They should have gone there

x-\- --}-LqC, F }-.

*
.

. E

n- J--C.
DE ---- J--C. \
-

n Rx-\ -LqC ().

C.

(F o -L-). DEo
p.
b) -D-n: Rx-\ -LqC, F .

Sentence 1) a
construction
have to have
gone
expressions, usage
They had to go there
simple
2 a)
1a)
sentence
They had to be there,
simpler
direct
sentence
sentence clear

5 a)

bus \ -LqC.
(\ , sentence x

) J-T--/---
-,
) --N
Ep O a. Bread h
d Bread : Bakery (--J)
Snacks/ refreshments/ eats -
- -- - correct English
. English .
7. pastime: - ~--E N.
8. lunch: -/ --uo .
9. Dinner: () vA . (prn: '
E \---.) V
u-i . -s
Dinner vA - -C. L--x
uo a.
10. Supper: (prn: \ -)
V *J vA-W -E
. u .

breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper -
W j O , A/ An, The .

-v-o: -Tx- commands, orders ---E () Conditions

NC---E Should must . F

text book h be forms is, are .
-?
1) u- . C N * -L
-- text book To be an agricultural income... The
revenue is derived from land E - \-o. -
The revenue should be derived.. E a .
2) vd o -* N-- -
C --q -N- j -L -; text
book The trust should be registered with the commissioner of I.T E , text The trust is registered
with commissioner of I.T as per the provision of 12A E C. J \- is registered should be registered u
? - u - nEo hC?
u -?
b , -

---:
clear

b) She must have taken that bus.

bus

1) 'The revenue should be derived'

-L-)

*a-
\ C.
( , \C)
She should have taken that bus.
bus
bus

(-

4. boil: (prn:
5. fry:
6. bake: (prn:

y CM
-,
F,
nonsense

-\ - -

-v-o: Infinitive ,

---:

Prasanthi:

\Lq C, F \-.
\C).

- correct,
O--ox.
2) C , The trust should be registered correct.
O n --o-x, is derived, is registered
- J-C E. rule p-
should be derived, should be registered correct.

---
Mahesh: Hi Ramesh, you can sing, can't you?

problem?
cousins weekend \
Ramesh: Of course I can. Why, what's the mat.
ter?
Kishore: x t.
. -----o?
Kumar: x . Rx-\- - interview -
Mahesh: You can participate in the singing
-ho. x-- interview C.
competition at college next week.
Kishore: --y -- -- picnic enjoy --a- - -- _--a.
-. --y-j- ---E -v--Ao-.
Ramesh: Oh, no. I can sing but not in a com- Kumar: cousins \--o-p ? l. x , x
petition.
phone h. correct p--h?
. -- F x
Eo-d F h.
v .
Mahesh: O come Ramesh. Tell yourself you Kishore: y o E----- (disappoint)
---o. y - p
can, and you will.
-. - _ C .
, N. y ---E
Kumar: F picnic postpone
--?
F y p, ---.
Picnic miss - - d .
Ramesh: I am not so sure. (- -t
)
--, y -- ?

Kishore:
Kumar:

Mahesh: You can try at least, Keep telling yourself you can, and you will be able to
do it.

-x--- 61

--, --, E p (-) . y --.

(keep telling - h---- continue
E h

v-Ao-h.
j -- o
-E-
.
-o n
\
. ' n
n u
L----
.

-
--
- y---E
E Jh ,
J--C. ---
. Jh
.

(?)

F p- -L---?

xn -. --, E
.
? Spoken English can, can't
(can not) - J ability (-n u) -J-*
--- - --a.

Now, Practise the following aloud in English.

a) Kumar: Hi Kishore,
Kishore:
picnic
weekend
Kumar:

N-?

h?
C--CN ho.
-? -.

-v-o:

Kishore:

-Eo -p-x --. - -- postpone ------?

Kumar: Ok. \-V . h N.
Kishore: y p- h-o.
b) Bhavan: Hi, congrats Bhaskar.
Bhaskar:
Bhavan:
prize

E?
F
*a-E Eo
o.
Bhaskar: . - l N .
college x u-h u-E
prize *aC.
Bhavan: y ---E
. F prize *a N
-- p-- -L-. ho .
F -. -J
G---.
Bhaskar: y o K T--h-o. Thank
you. F cricket practice C?
Bhavan: V- practice ho.
tournaments - --V
C. fielding ----Lq
- C. team finals - t C.
Bhaskar: jv-- tournaments.
O-p \ 1st match?
Bhavan: 22 K-. 1st match t
team .
Bhaskar: OK. J time C. --}-L.
All the best.
Bhavan: Thank you.

1) Rajani has to work along with Ravi

Rajani is to work along with Ravi
2) They have to hold the programme
They are to hold the programme
3) The SP, Naveen Chand who was to
attend as a chief guest in this programme was not / had not/ did not come
yesterday.
is/ has to, how to/ are to, was/ had

j u-xE
--- d-?-N--J--.
l , C--\

not

---:

1) Rajani has to work along with Ravi

Rajani has to

Answers:
a) Kumar: Hi Kishore, What news?
Kishore: How about coming for a picnic / joining a picnic this weekend? will you
come for/ will you join a picnic this
weekend? Ten of us are going.
Kumar: This weekend? I'm (I am) afraid I can't
(cannot) come.
Kishore: What's (What is) the problem?
Kumar: My cousins will be here this weekend.
Kishore: Ask them to join us too.

b) Bhavan: Hi Bhaskar, Congrats.

Bhaskar: What on?
Bhavan: Sekhar told me yesterday (that) you
had got/ won a prize.
Bhaskar: O, That's nothing. I got that prize for
the best essay in the essay writing
competition.
Bhavan: I Know you can write very well/ I know
you are very / quiet good at writing.
But I didn't know that you had got/
won the prize until sekhar told me. let

How can we..

telling. keep doing something / continue to do some thing -

Ramesh: Ok, I'll try.

can
verbs
lesson
can
(ability)
can
response (reply)
Ramesh: Of
course, I can. conversation
can you do
something?
question
I can do it,
I can
I
can't (cannot)
sentence
Bhaskar: I can play cricket very well. In fact I
can play better than some of the
players in the Indian team.
Bhavan: Oh, can you?
Bhaskar: You think I can't (cannot) ?
Bhavan: (Do) You mean the selectors don't
know your greatness?
selectors
Bhaskar: They can't. Moreover, I can, but I
don't play.

--C- 23 -d- 2005

E N E---L/-E
E L. -J? -Lq C. \
*a c-x/ -o ---x/ J-n- vs--x --
E--x-j N E---L/ --Lq hC E. has to he,
she, it . have to I, We, You and they .

Kumar: They can't (can

not). They are
coming here
for an interview.
They
have an interview that day.
Kishore: I can't (can not)
M. SURESAN
enjoy the picnic
without you. Do try to come/ try to
come. (Do try -

d p--E -

Kumar: How can I come when my cousins are

here? Let's (let us) see. They will
phone/ call / ring me tomorrow or the
day after, when they will be/ will come
here exactly. Depending on that I'll (I
will) let you know.
Kishore: I'm (I am) sure you will not disappoint
me. If you want you can come. Where
there is a will there is a way, you
know. (you know Kumar: Why don't you postpone your picnic?
Kishore: We have made all arrangements.
How can we postpone it?
Kumar: Wait for a day I'll let you know tomorrow.
Kishore: You are coming definitely.
(Definitely) certainly -

-)

me tell you. I can't (cannot) write so

well as you. congrats again.
Bhaskar: O, You're praising me too much/
that's praising too much. How is your
cricket practice?/ How is your cricket
practice going on?
(That's praising too much- spoken
English
Bhavan: We have been practising for the past
one week. only four days are left
for the tournament.
My Fielding needs some improvement. I am sure our team will make it/
reach the finals.
(make it Bhaskar: Isn't' (Is not) the tourney (tournament
in Hyderabad?/ the
tourney is in hyderabad, isn't it? when
will you be there for the first match?
Bhavan: On the 22nd. Our first match is with
the khammam team/ the team from
khammam.
Bhaskar: Ok It's time for me to leave. All the
best.
Bhavan: Thank you.
Vocabulary / Expressions:
(Prn- Pronunciation)
1. Attend (Prn:
attend/ school/ college/ place of work

\)

(NTL o)

(j) ---)

-)

-\---) - --
( %Ah/ NC Ey- x }-/
We have to start now to meet him - --E ----E p
----)/ Marriage/ meeting/ dinner/ party/
---L C --Eo/ J-n- -Ah-E *-hC.
celebrations etc. O-Eo- ---,
She has to stay at office from 10 to 4.
-, -}- n- come, go, be
Office 10 * 4 L NC.
present attend \ .
She has to take care of her child, so she is unable to come.
a) Eo- School -.
J-nA (Gf --) E-y-.He didn't (did not) attend school yesterday.
You have to be here at 10 OJ-\ 10 L C c.
b) O -R}-- ?
2) Rajani is to work along with Ravi Rajani Ravi -L E---L/
didn't you (did you not) attend the mar-----C/ --hC \ C ----Eo -J-* ----C. C Why
riage?
J - *a. -- o p--xF,
Rajani, Ravi *a cxE x --L E---o/ h c) --C a.
E. have to/ has to L h, -L-. am to/ is to/ A large number (of people) attended the
meeting.
are to/ was to/ were to N- L, -
d)
dinner h-o?
\, - --C.
Will you/ are you going to, attend the dinner
3) u--AC O-- -- C/ --Lq--, F , E DE
. n correct a-x p sentence- The SP, Navin tomorrow? / Are you attending the dinner
*a-).

Chand who was to have attended as the chief guest did not come yesterday. was not comeEnglish
had not come

\ J-.

tomorrow?

---
Sridhar: Hi Neeraj, just how busy are you?
busy
busy

Tarun:

-F- , y
?/

o?
(\ just = . conversation
- 'J - just --.)

Not at all. What's the matter?

-- --. N?

Sridhar: I am in a hurry to get home. Can you

drive me home on your bike?
bike

y xL. F
- -B---?

Tarun:

O -o -

Drive you home? O no. You can take

my bike if you want. I am tired of driving for the day.

EEo- B-}--? x -. --. -- bike B-.

\- can - question form , permission

---E (--A- ---E) -o.
a) -S} p --- NtLo?
When can I see you again?
(asking for permission)

b)

E x?

Can I go now? (asking for permission)

c) Can I use your pen?
pen
(permission)
3. Question form
permission
can
statement form
permission

-?

-x,
y--E .

---E

a) You can keep the bike till 5'o clock.

bike
(giving permission)
b) You can take my bike.
bike
(giving permission)
c)
You can go now. (giving permission)
d)

-C-- --a.

B-a/ -B.

Ny -}a. -

-x--- 62

- 27 -d- 2005

y ----- \ a d-E -O-x-.

b) Question form

I/ we

-E .

c) Statement form

permission

request, permission

-y-

-E .

d) Statement form

possibility (u ---o -N---E) .

Practise the following aloud in English:

Kareem:

O (a few minutes) x-a? (see/ speak )

Kasyap: E N?

You can talk now

you cannot spend more than Rs. 100/-.
(you can spend = you have permission to
spend upto Rs. 100/-)

Sridhar: How long can I have it?

Tarun:

----?

Will three hours do?

?
.

(will do =
An income of Rs
10000/- a day will do for me. I don't
want more.

V C- -
. - l)

Sridhar: O that's fine. Thank you.

Tarun: You can keep the bike till 5 o'clock. Go
by the other road. The traffic along this
road at this hour can be heavy. Driving
in such traffic can be dangerous.

- 5 -. -f
- -}. road l. time
road traffic Dl \-
a. Driving -
v--- a.
j -- can o verbs .

1) Can you drive me home?

B-}--?

2) You can take my bike

3) How long can I have it?

bike

B-}.

------?

4) You can keep the bike till 5'o clock.

5) The traffic at this hour can be heavy.
6) Driving in such traffic can be dangerous.
can
can
ability

J* ---oN:
(-n uEo) ---E .
' ---, --- n-.
-- can -o J-Eo n,
-- l:
1. Can you drive me home? \ can drive,
ability ! \ Tarun request
-E Sudheer can --o
( B-}-? n). can
request (Nch) --E -a, question
form .
1) h -F pen -h-?
Can you give me your pen? / Can I have
your pen?

2)

O EN- x--a?

Can I speak to you/ see you for a few minutes?

3) Can you lend me some money?

h p-h?
-\- can question form requests --T-*--x ---h-C -! can
question form u you , I/ we
requests -a.

2. How long can I have it?

bike

- F

--a?

Kareem:

h u-i
N.
Kasyap: p
x4. D:
. BJa) Driving in such traffic can be dangerous.
_ o.
traffic drive - v-- Kareem: O friend coma/ C.
pany typist
\ can, possibility (u- --jobs
S M. SURESAN
-E-E) C . C can
o.
-.
apply . o- O
b) <x }l. --.
x
---o. job a- O
Don't go out in the dark. There can be

--?
snakes. (possibility)
Kasyap: O o---?
c) v -- -L-T---a.
Kareem: Syed Mustafa.
(- C)
Kasyap: - . friend O oThe journey can be very tiresome/ tiring.
-J . x--a
d) He can give you trouble. Be careful.
.
vh. F trouble h-/ y--
Kareem:
O- \ influence ---E.
(possibility / ability).
O can -o uses. v- 'can' Kasyap: Ny-\- -?
a) Question form u, I/ we Kareem: p-. -p ?
REQUESTS .
Kasyap: v j .

vo: O Spoken English QJ{- ' u- Practice

E noun form --o.

' practise E verb form --T- j--C !
XE-, -t, ..->x
---: Practice, Practise - advice ,
advise - . Practice u;
practise- u- --.
a) I have the practice - u-/-- C. Practice makes us
perfect - u x J--g hC.
b) We practise the game everyday - W
u-h (). -E \ practise u
n - practice L .

vo: 1) Seventh class English Reader (Mother tongue) page No 52

When evening changes into night, and when

'Trees' Poem
a moon floats on the sky. They hum a drowsy lullaby.
the
moon
a moon
2) Are you studying in Seventh Class?

\
- L-----.
DE -- -p--a?
-v -, ---o
---: 1) 'a moon' line a p (printer's error). The moon
---L.
--L -.

2) Yes, I am.

vo: How about you? What about you n

--T-- N? --T-----o-p
- j -a? - ---. I haven't
money / I have no money n -, --x- E
--T-L? ---.
Q, j--

Answer:
Kareem: Can I see you/ speak to you for a few
minutes?
kasyap: What about?
Kareem: It's a bit important.
kasyap: You can talk now. I am at leisure.
Kareem: There are a few vacancies for typists
jobs in your friend's company. I've
(have) applied for one of them. Can
you help me to get the job? My father
told me to talk to you.
Kasyap: Who is your father?
Kareem: Syed Mustafa.
kasyap: O, I know him well. Your father knows
my friend too. Your father can talk to
him.
Kareem: You can influence him better.
Kasyap: Can you come here tomorrow?
Kareem: Certainly- when shall I come?
Kasyap: (At) this time tomorrow.
Vocabulary/ Expressions
(prn=pronunciation)
tnap =
(After lunch, he usually
has a nap)
tCut it out =

Ev/ Ev---; u uo
y

. d-d
(-j -- N--- N-Th
cut it out, come to the point )
tClass _-d = bunk;
ts *, class, E _-d = malinger
(prn: L; 'L \ -),
= malingerer.
t/ J~/ q N - (-\-,
--}-) = take an auto/ rickshaw/ taxi, etc.
You take bus no.7 to go to the station.
(7 number bus
t
soiled clothes
His clothes are soiled.
trags =
The beggar is in rags

\)
J d =
E d J--u
L-.
d- *J-T fx o.

---: 1) What about you? C How about you? -.

l . C L C p-j -sEo d O
-hC.
2) I haven't money E -u . I haven't any money
EF, I haven't the money E-E . I have no money
-d --i-C I haven't any money.
I haven't the money n, E ( ----E) --
s _ E.
'Are you buying a car?/ Why don't you buy a car?'
'I'd like to, but I haven't the money/ but I don't have the
money.' (the money = car

vo: May can --o. May I help you - can I

- s)

help you
may

E h-o. Can C Natural ability -C-*--

can use L? can E Natural ability
Eo N- use -a.
.---, --
---: Can, natural ability E L---hC, correct ' n.
He can do it, C --. can --o
J-Eo --- offer . - -\
x j y--/---. E can question form
, may .
May I help you? = O -?/- --o O
-----? C offer. C formal -
J- E x offer.
Can I help you? Dn O/ -F -?/
-O-/ -F N --? E informal
, J- o x offer. May I help
you? - formal offer. Can I help you? - less formal/ informal
offer.

---
Pooja: Hi Raasi, what a surprise! you, here!

Q, -Ny-\! N?

Raasi: I am on my way to the spoken English

Institution near here. You know it. The
4th building from your place.
spoken English Institution

\ _x

h-o. F -. O -*
- building.
(I am on my way to -\- ho.
On the way J)

Pooja: Come, Raasi, you go there everyday,

and you can't find the time to drop in at
my place.

j -- -E , can a
-. -- --- .

verbs

1. You can't (cannot) find the time

F BJ-- --- --o-.

(ability)

2. Can you do me a favour?

--?

(Can - request)

3. Can you let me spend...

O x -?

(Permission/ request)

4. I can neither go home...

E- x , (ability)
ya, p-
W \ h-o, ---E
(can permission/ request)
v -B-J ---o !
6. I can't (cannot) give y-. (ability)
Raasi: I joined there only a week ago. I had
5. You can, by all means

been thinking of seeing you and we met.

Can you do me a favour?

-x--- 63

-\ J - --C. O
-----o, --o.
*o - --d--- ?
(Do a favour -)
F - E -.
p.

O x -a.

u
C. x , ---\
- .

Pooja: You can, by all means. Only I can't be

there at the time. I am sorry I can't give
you company. I go for my dance classes
at the time. Don't worry. You can have
my sister Pallavi's company.
time
company
time
dance

p-, ,
x
- -. F
y-.

x---h.--. Lx xN F ---.
F company C.
(By all means p-, EoN)

Raasi: Thank you.

Bhavani:

p--.
b) Prakash: Sekhar -J-* F G-v
N?
Vinai: -----o?
Prakash: * player team
B---E.

C. Possibility -.
Fo p--- --o 'can'
--.

7. You can have

Now Practise the following aloud in English.

(Use all that you have learnt so far)
a) Bhavani:

birthday. OJ-l p
h ?
Sucharitha: O
x p-
tLo?
Chandra:
Cake p h?
Bhavani:
Correct v 5.30.
Sucharitha: --,. C- -\
.
Chandra:
5 class C. 5.30
-. - late h.

Vinai:

--. E--
Concentration -.
Prakash:

Eo
Ba . M. SURESAN
Vinai: - -E
N -p? match p d?
Prakash: F M. a Sunday ?
-L team -* players
o. x- --L-T x.
Vinai: . x
matches . , x
-L-.

-v-o: ' < C ? uEo O -Tx- ''Isn't

o. u -q
E -Tx- aJ --q C. uEo
''Is that sari nice/ beautiful?" --?
- --@-Fo, --%--
---: A very good question. - negative sense -L
-o-p-, ' negative tone hC
. Is that sari beautiful n--N? <
? E . ' < ? ---E, ' <
C ? --E English p-, 'Isn't
that sari beautiful?' E-F, 'That sari is beautiful, isn't
it?' E-F p, -- E C ? n
. -E-.
-v-o: -- -u- English Translation p-.
1. \- h-E O ---o?
2. J* -E O ---o?
3. o N-\--o.
-vQ-E-, -A-A
1. Where, do you think, I am going/ I will go tomorrow?
2. What do you think she thinks of me?
3. He feels vexed with me.
Man of the match
''to be given''
''to be solemnised by (some
body)''
to be
will be
To be + PP
''I could have found the way all right''.

-v-o: 1. v-

a--p
. R} f-
E h.

a !
p -?

2.

-E -J-* Ja-h-o O?
Rajeev: --, - E.
(Whether - begin )
Manoj: - N?
Raghav: j--- Cricket Match tickets
L . - cricket board

u n N? C q -C?
-.--, --
---: To be given, to be seen N passive infinitives.
1) To be given y---/ --y----E/ y---
- y-, y---E, a-
. Man of the match award to be given to Man of the
match -\ x y y----C n hC;

l _ . -E -o p------E.
Manoj: -- F . -p
-J . ---
---.
Rajeev: C E-- -L-T- -N--.
Raghav: worry . -- p-----
.
d) Nagaraj: Ny-p- time waste
o }F.
Prahlad: S} -p --. Eo?
Nagaraj: time -j-.
Prahlad: ---. examC.
N F --.
Nagaraj: x -?
Prahlad: p-.

-v-o: I saw a devil, I happend to see a devil -

that sari nice/ beautiful"?

---:

c) Manoj:

I can't give..

Pooja: Doing you a favour! That will be a real

pleasure for me. What's it?

Raasi: Can you let me spend the lunch break in

your home? We have two sessions with
a break of an hour in between.
I can neither go home nor stay at the
institution.
lunch break
classes
break

--- 31 -d- 2005

x, y
Will be
given
Man of the match
award to be given
(wedding) to be solemnized by x
(by somebody),
somebody (x), to solemnize the wedding
To be solemnized correct
is to be solemnized
is, omit
to be solemnized
Will be solemnized

-
y--o-E n hC.
E -a. -
\.
-. \ Nv
-
u Ey-------oC
( Nv
-

uEo Ey----o E).

E L.

C .
E
-a u Et-Eo d.
b) To be + past participle u passive construction. He is

to do it (active) - It is to be done by him.

- to be done - to be + pp)
I am to take them home (active) - They are to be taken (to
be + pp) home by me.
2) I could have found the way all right - Past tense.
Parts of speech
Preposition
The
Tenses,
direct & indirect speech

J ----L
(E, ---)
-v-o:

\ ,
\ L---. O
-J-* -N--J--.
-.-- -, --
---: Parts of speech prepositions -J-* lessons
N-Jh-o. tenses J* --- NJ, tenses x p-. English
x-- tenses + x ----Lq ---.
verb form u C N-J. papers .

n, uEo . E verbs p *aC.

Model auxiliary verbs \ have been h n
E hC? could be E Eo n- a-x
--T--a. - ---.
XE---, d
---: I saw a devil- devil /devil --C.
I happend to see a devil- devil - n*C/ devil -- -n-*C. I happened to --/ ---E -- -J-* h.
I bought it in that shop C shop o.
I happened to buy it in that shop C shop
J-TC ( shop - -E -- F
\ o).
-v-o: -- --o u- pa? He is thinking by walking (--h ---*h--o-). Gita is singing by
working ( E-----C).
XE-, --t-, ..->x.
---: O j--N -. Ist sentence: D-E-
- u- p ---o---. p (is
thinking correct ). He thinks as he is walking/ He
thinks and is walking at the same time, -a.
h s-d Ep-ho d, He
thinks as he walks - better. \--J I/ II regular
doing word p J - d.
He thinks as he walks sentence -p-
E C (-p- h -*-h/ -*--p-
-h) n hC.
2nd sentence: Gita is singing and working at the same
time

J--C ( h-oC p-). E --p- -C ---

Gita sings as/while she works -a .